Download or read book Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials written by Christopher J. Bulpitt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bradford Hill has defined a clinical trial as "A carefully and ethically designed experiment with the aim of answering some precisely framed question" [1]. This definition specifies a careful design and requires the provision of adequate controls. Random allocation of treatments to subjects is important to ensure is entitled that the treated and control groups are similar. Therefore this book Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials. We can define a randomised controlled trial by rewriting Bradford Hill's definition as follows, "A carefully and ethi cally designed experiment which includes the provision of adequate and ap propriate controls by a process of randomisation, so that precisely framed questions can be answered. " I am a firm advocate ofRandomised Controlled Clinical Trials but intend to give a balanced view of the advantages and disadvantages of these ethical experiments. This book is directed primarily at the medical research worker, although certain chapters may find a wider application. When discussing a randomised controlled trial, it is neither practicable nor desirable to divorce theory from practice, however the first ten chapters con centrate mainly on theory, and the remainder focus on practice. The segment on trial design is followed by sections on writing the protocol, designing the forms, conducting the trial, and analysing the results. This book is meant to serve both as a reference manual and a practical guide to the design and performance of a trial.
Download or read book An International Randomised Controlled Trial written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Randomised Controlled Trials written by Alejandro R. Jadad and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1998 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors to this study present a balanced view of the strengths and weaknesses of randomised controlled trials in the medical setting. They cover all the essential issues without using statistics.
Download or read book Randomized Controlled Trials written by Alehandro R. Jadad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-07-23 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Randomized controlled trials are one of the most powerful and revolutionary tools of research. This book is a convenient and accessible description of the underlying principles and practice of randomized controlled trials and their role in clinical decision-making. Structured in a jargon-free question-and-answer format, each chapter provides concise and understandable information on a different aspect of randomized controlled trials, from the basics of trial design and terminology to the interpretation of results and their use in driving evidence-based medicine. The authors end each chapter with their musings, going beyond the evidence or citations, and sometimes even beyond orthodox correctness to share their thoughts and concerns about different aspects of randomized controlled trials, and their role within the health system. Updated to include insights from the last decade, this second edition challenges over-reliance on randomized controlled trials by debating their strengths and limitations and discussing their optimal use in modern healthcare. It also includes a new and increasingly relevant chapter on the ethics of randomized trials. World renowned writers and thinkers Drs Jadad and Enkin bring you this invaluable book for busy health professionals who wish to understand the theory of randomized controlled trials and their influence on clinical, research or policy decisions.
Download or read book Field Trials of Health Interventions written by Peter G. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Before new interventions are released into disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in field trials'. These may be complex and expensive undertakings, requiring the follow-up of hundreds, or thousands, of individuals, often for long periods. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in the trials that have been conducted have rarely been published. A consequence of this, individuals planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to knowledge accumulated previously, other than their own. In this manual, practical issues in trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail, that Field Trials of Health Interventions may be used as a toolbox' by field investigators. It has been compiled by an international group of over 30 authors with direct experience in the design, conduct, and analysis of field trials in low and middle income countries and is based on their accumulated knowledge and experience. Available as an open access book via Oxford Medicine Online, this new edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the new developments that have taken place in recent years with respect to trials, including seven new chapters on subjects ranging from trial governance, and preliminary studies to pilot testing.
Download or read book Analysis of Data from Randomized Controlled Trials written by Jos W.R. Twisk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-10-16 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a practical guide to the analysis of data from randomized controlled trials (RCT). It gives an answer to the question of how to estimate the intervention effect in an appropriate way. This problem is examined for different RCT designs, such as RCTs with one follow-up measurement, RCTs with more than one follow-up measurement, cluster RCTs, cross-over trials, stepped wedge trials, and N-of-1 trials. The statistical methods are explained in a non-mathematical way and are illustrated by extensive examples. All datasets used in the book are available for download, so readers can reanalyse the examples to gain a better understanding of the methods used. Although most examples are taken from epidemiological and clinical studies, this book is also highly recommended for researchers working in other fields.
Download or read book An International Randomised Controlled Trial to Compare TARGeted Intraoperative RadioTherapy TARGIT with Conventional Postoperative Radiotherapy After Breast conserving Surgery for Women with Early written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Searchable, international database of ongoing randomised controlled trials in all areas of healthcare.
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Cluster Randomised Trials in Health Services Research written by Sandra Eldridge and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-20 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cluster randomised trials are trials in which groups (or clusters) of individuals are randomly allocated to different forms of treatment. In health care, these trials often compare different ways of managing a disease or promoting healthy living, in contrast to conventional randomised trials which randomise individuals to different treatments, classically comparing new drugs with a placebo. They are increasingly common in health services research. This book addresses the statistical, practical, and ethical issues arising from allocating groups of individuals, or clusters, to different interventions. Key features: Guides readers through the stages of conducting a trial, from recruitment to reporting. Presents a wide range of examples with particular emphasis on trials in health services research and primary care, with both principles and techniques explained. Topics are specifically presented in the order in which investigators think about issues when they are designing a trial. Combines information on the latest developments in the field together with a practical guide to the design and implementation of cluster randomised trials. Explains principles and techniques through numerous examples including many from the authors own experience. Includes a wide range of references for those who wish to read further. This book is intended as a practical guide, written for researchers from the health professions including doctors, psychologists, and allied health professionals, as well as statisticians involved in the design, execution, analysis and reporting of cluster randomised trials. Those with a more general interest will find the plentiful examples illuminating.
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Using Qualitative Research with Randomized Controlled Trials written by Alicia O'Cathain and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers measure the effectiveness of new interventions using randomized controlled trials (RCTs). They are increasingly using qualitative research with these RCTs to explain the results of RCTs or facilitate the viability and efficiency of RCTs. A Practical Guide to Using Qualitative Research with Randomized Controlled Trials is a "how-to" book about the use of qualitative research with RCTs. Divided into three parts, this book covers the process of using qualitative research with RCTs from start to finish. Section one outlines overarching issues such as the many contributions qualitative research can make to generating evidence of effectiveness, section two provides practical guidance from writing a proposal through to publishing qualitative research undertaken with RCTs, and the final section guides the reader on how to engage with relevant stakeholders. Each chapter focuses on the key steps of undertaking qualitative research in RCTs, giving examples of how to write a proposal, select research questions, integrate qualitative and quantitative components, and much more. A Practical Guide to Using Qualitative Research with Randomized Controlled Trials is ideal for researchers who are leading, undertaking, or planning to use qualitative research with RCTs. With its detailed explanations and inspiring examples, this book is also useful for postgraduate students wishing to conduct qualitative research in the context of an RCT.
Download or read book PDQ Statistics written by Geoffrey R. Norman and published by PMPH USA. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of PDQ Statistics provides an overview of all major statistical methods, giving the reader a good understanding of statistics and how they are used in research articles. It covers the major categories – variable and descriptive statistics, parametric statistics, non-parametric statistics, and multivariate statistics. The explanations are clear, succinct, and loaded with practical examples.
Download or read book Small Clinical Trials written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a "large" trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement.
Download or read book Public Health Research Methods written by Greg Guest and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2015 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a comprehensive foundation for planning, executing, and monitoring public health research of all types, this book goes beyond traditional epidemiologic research designs to cover technology-based approaches emerging in the new public health landscape.
Download or read book Clinical Epidemiology written by Diederick E. Grobbee and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2014-01-23 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now updated with new data and examples throughout, Clinical Epidemiology: Principles, Methods, and Applications for Clinical Research, Second Edition is a comprehensive resource that introduces the reader to the basics of clinical epidemiology and explores the principles and methods that can be used to obtain quantitative evidence on the effects of interventions and on the diagnosis, etiology, and prognosis of disease. The everyday challenges of clinical research and the quantitative knowledge required to practice medicine are also examined, making this book a valuable reference for both graduate and undergraduate students in medicine and related disciplines, as well as for professionals involved in the design and conduct of clinical research.
Download or read book Evidence Based Management of Low Back Pain E Book written by Simon Dagenais and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-01-31 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering all commonly used interventions for acute and chronic low back pain conditions, Evidence-Based Management of Low Back Pain consolidates current scientific studies and research evidence into a single, practical resource. Its multidisciplinary approach covers a wide scope of treatments from manual therapies to medical interventions to surgery, organizing interventions from least to most invasive. Editors Simon Dagenais and Scott Haldeman, along with expert contributors from a variety of clinical and academic institutions throughout the world, focus on the best available scientific evidence, summarizing the results from the strongest to the weakest types of studies. No other book makes it so easy to compare the different interventions and treatment approaches, giving you the tools to make better, more informed clinical decisions. A multidisciplinary approach covers treatments from manual therapies to medical interventions to surgery, and many others in between. An interdisciplinary approach enables health care providers to work together. A logical, easy-to-follow organization covers information by intervention type, from least invasive to most invasive. Integration of interventions provides information in a clinically useful way, so it's easier to consider more than one type of treatment or intervention for low back pain, and easier to see which methods should be tried first. 155 illustrations include x-rays, photos, and drawings. Tables and boxes summarize key information. Evidence-based content allows you to make clinical decisions based on the ranking the best available scientific studies from strongest to weakest. Patient history and examination chapters help in assessing the patient's condition and in ruling out serious pathology before making decisions about specific interventions. Experienced editors and contributors are proven authors, researchers, and teachers, and practitioners, well known in the areas of orthopedics, pain management, chiropractic, physical therapy, and behavioral medicine as well as complementary and alternative medicine; the book's contributors include some of the leading clinical and research experts in the field of low back pain. Coverage based on The Spine Journal special issue on low back pain ensures that topics are relevant and up to date. A systematic review of interventions for low back pain includes these categories: patient education, exercise and rehabilitation, medications, manual therapy, physical modalities, complementary and alternative medicine, behavioral modification, injections, minimally invasive procedures, and surgery. Surgical interventions include decompression, fusion, disc arthroplasty, and dynamic stabilization. Additional coverage includes patient education and multidisciplinary rehabilitation.
Download or read book Using Randomised Controlled Trials in Education written by Paul Connolly and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2017-07-03 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), most commonly a medical sciences research tool, is a hotly debated topic in Education. This book examines the controversial aspects of RCTs in Education and sets out the potential and pitfalls of the method. Drawing on their own extensive experience of running RCTs, and their work at the Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation (CESI) at Queen’s University, Belfast, the authors provide a thorough practical introduction to the use of randomised controlled trials in education. Using real data sets, chapters equip the reader with all of the key knowledge and skills required to design, run, analyse and report an RCT. Coverage includes: · Step-by-step guidance on analysing data · How to assess the reliability and validity of results · Advice on balancing the demands of various stakeholders Essential reading for postgraduate and more experienced researchers, as well as teachers and educationalists seeking to increase their knowledge and understanding of the use of such methods in education.
Download or read book Pediatric and Adolescent Osteosarcoma written by Norman Jaffe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-02-25 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric and Adolescent Osteosarcoma provides a historical review of the nature of osteosarcoma and the conflict that accompanied the introduction of adjuvant therapy for osteosarcoma culminating in accepted and prevailing methods of current therapy. It outlines concepts in Epidemiology and Etiology, and provides chapters on pathology and radiologic characteristics of osteosarcoma, surgical therapy tailored specifically for treatment of primary tumors in pediatric/adolescent age group, treatment of pulmonary and extra pulmonary metastases and complications, as well as the role of radiation therapy. The volume concludes with a review of differences and similarities in the management of osteosarcoma in adults as compared to pediatrics / adolescents and new laboratory and animal investigations currently in progress to develop effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve the outcome. In essence the scope and intensive coverage of the book provides a historical perspective of the advances made over the past 30 years and emerging concepts and prospects for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This is based upon past experiences and new discoveries. It also provides a unique opportunity for pediatric and adult medical oncologists, physicians in training, orthopedic surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, radiotherapists, oncology nurses and allied professionals involved in the care of pediatric/adolescent patients with osteosarcoma to become acquainted with prevailing methods of treatment and new and evolving concepts and developments.
