Download or read book An Assessment of Anti neutrino Mass Determination Via Electrostatic Measurements on Tritium Beta decay written by P. A. Le Bas and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Assessment of Anti neutrino Mass Determination Via Electrostatic Measurement of Tritium Beta decay written by Philip Andrew Le Bas and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experiment to Measure the Electron Neutrino Mass Using a Frozen Tritium Source written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are performing an experiment to determine the electron neutrino mass with the precision of a few eV by measuring the tritium beta decay energy distribution near the endpoint. Key features of the experiment are a 2 eV resolution electrostatic spectrometer and a high-activity frozen tritium source. It is important that the source have electronic wavefunctions which can be accurately calculated. These calculations can be precisely made for tritium and the HeT daughter ion and allow determination of branching fractions to 0.1% and energy of the excited states to 0.1 eV. We discuss the excited final molecular state calculations and describe the experimental apparatus. 2 references, 6 figures.
Download or read book Final Scientific and Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, we made material progress towards future measurements of the mass of the neutrino. The neutrino is a fundamental particle, first observed in the 1950s and subjected to particularly intense study over the past 20 years. It is now known to have some, non-zero mass, but we are in an unusual situation of knowing the mass exists but not knowing what value it takes. The mass may be determined by precise measurements of certain radioactive decay distributions, particularly the beta decay of tritium. The KATRIN experiment is an international project which is nearing the beginning of a tritium measurement campaign using a large electrostatic spectrumeter. This research included participation in KATRIN, including construction and delivery of a key calibration subsystem, the ``Rear Section''. To obtain sensitivity beyond KATRIN's, new techniques are required; this work included R\ & D on a new technique we call CRES (Cyclotron Resonance Electron Spectroscopy) which has promise to enable even-more-sensitive tritium decay measurements. We successfully carried out CRES spectroscopy in a model system in 2014, making an important step towards the design of a next-generation tritium experiment with new neutrino mass measurement abilities.
Download or read book Techniques for Direct Neutrino Mass Measurement Utilizing Tritium beta decay written by Daniel Lawrence Furse and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis documents efforts performed in the service to two direct neutrino mass experiments, namely KATRIN at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Karlsruhe, Germany and Project8 at the University of Washington in Seattle. These experiments aim to utilize a measurement of the shape of the endpoint of the tritium beta decay spectrum to determine the neutrino mass, which is a technique that relies only on basic kinematics and enjoys a long and distinguished history. Additionally, these experiments utilize classical electrodynamics in their analysis of the beta electron spectrum, at KATRIN through the use of a MAC-E filter and at Project8 through magnetic confinement of electrons within a waveguide and the measurement of their weakly energy dependent relativistic cyclotron frequencies, which is an entirely new technique. In the thesis, both experiments are described in detail with particular attention paid to the components involved in energy analysis. Exploiting these experiments' similarities, an extensive simulation package called KASSIOPEIA has been prepared, which is the principal effort described herein. KASSIOPEIA is applied to both KATRIN and Project8, which in the case of KATRIN delivers valuable and detailed information regarding the performance of the electrostatic spectrometers used there, in particular the main and monitor spectrometers. In its application to Project8, KASSIOPEIA is used to determine precise electron trajectories, which can be used to simulate the signals these electrons induce in the waveguide. This thesis also includes experimental results obtained at the monitor spectrometer of the KATRIN experiment, which demonstrate the efficacy of the magnetic pulse technique at ejecting problematic stored electrons at MAc-E filters. The magnetic pulse technique relies on using a set of external aircoils surrounding a MAC-E filter to reverse and rapidly restore the magnetic field in the spectrometer symmetry plane, causing stored particle to hit the vessel walls. Owing to its success as demonstrated in this work, this technique will be employed at the main spectrometer during the upcoming data taking run at KATRIN. Finally, this thesis presents some results from the inaugural run at Project8, which showed that the theretofore undemonstrated technique, named Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES), is capable of detecting the signal a single electron excites in a waveguide as it its magnetically trapped inside. In the history of tritium based neutrino mass experiments this technique is unique, and presents an entirely complimentary approach to that used at KATRIN. Based as it is on a frequency measurement, the technique shows great promise to mature into an extremely high precision form of electron spectroscopy, with many applications throughout nuclear physics.
Download or read book An Experiment to Measure the Electron Neutrino Mass Using a Cryogenic Tritium Source written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experiment has been performed to determine the electron neutrino mass with the precision of a few eV by measuring the tritium beta decay energy distribution near the endpoint. Key features of the experiment are a 2 eV resolution electrostatic spectrometer and a high-activity frozen tritium source. It is important that the source have electronic wavefunctions which can be accurately calculated. These calculations have been made for tritium and the HeT daughter ion and allow determination of branching fractions to 0.1% and energy of the excited states to 0.1 eV. The excited final molecular state calculations and the experimental apparatus are discussed. 4 refs., 5 figs.
Download or read book Background Processes in the Electrostatic Spectrometers of the KATRIN Experiment written by Susanne Mertens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutrinos continue to be the most mysterious and, arguably, the most fascinating particles of the Standard Model as their intrinsic properties such as absolute mass scale and CP properties are unknown. The open question of the absolute neutrino mass scale will be addressed with unprecedented accuracy by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, currently under construction. This thesis focusses on the spectrometer part of KATRIN and background processes therein. Various background sources such as small Penning traps, as well as nuclear decays from single radon atoms are fully characterized here for the first time. Most importantly, however, it was possible to reduce the background in the spectrometer by more than five orders of magnitude by eliminating Penning traps and by developing a completely new background reduction method by stochastically heating trapped electrons using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). The work beautifully demonstrates that the obstacles and challenges in measuring the absolute mass scale of neutrinos can be met successfully if novel experimental tools (ECR) and novel computing methods (KASSIOPEIA) are combined to allow almost background-free tritium ß-spectroscopy.
Download or read book An Electrostatic Spectrometer for Neutrino Mass Measurements Using Frozen Molecular Tritium written by Lawrence James Cox and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Scalable Approaches to Neutrino Mass Measurement with The Project 8 Experiment written by Andrew Ziegler and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutrinos are fundamental particles in the standard model and play an important role in the current understanding of the universe; however, the mass of the neutrino one of the most fundamental parameters for any particle, is currently unknown. This fact represents a gaping hole in our current knowledge of the universe that may provide clues to the energy scale of physics beyond the standard model. This dissertation summarizes research and development as a member of the Project 8 collaboration towards an experiment to measure the neutrino mass with a sensitivity below $50$~$\mathrm{meV}/\mathrm{c}^2$, which is an order of magnitude less than the most sensitive direct measurements of the neutrino mass to date. Project 8 will perform this measurement using Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) to measure the beta-decay endpoint spectrum of atomic tritium. I present an analysis of the signal reconstruction performance of an antenna array system designed to perform large-scale CRES measurements in cubic-meter volumes. Next, I discuss an approach to calibrating an antenna-based CRES experiment using a unique probe antenna designed to mimic radiation from CRES events. Finally, I present design studies for a resonant cavity that could be used to perform a CRES experiment with atomic tritium at multi-cubic-meter scales.
Download or read book Measurements of the Electron antineutrino Mass written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it has been over 50 years since the neutrino was postulated by Pauli and nearly 35 years since the first experimental evidence of neutrinos was observed by Reines and Cowan, the question of whether the neutrino has a non-zero mass still remains unanswered. Today, more than a dozen experiments observing the beta-decay of tritium are underway in the quest for an answer to this question. By making sensitive measurements of the beta decay spectrum about the endpoint these experiments allow for the direct kinematic determination of the electron-antineutrino mass. However, extraction of the neutrino mass from the observed data requires accurate accounting of experimental systematic effects that modify the beta spectrum. The techniques required to make accurate determination of the electron-antineutrino mass as well as the results from and status of ongoing tritium beta decay experiments are presented. 40 refs., 2 figs.
Download or read book Measurement of the Electron Antineutrino Mass from the Beta Spectrum of Gaseous Tritium written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A measurement has been made of the mass of the electron antineutrino using the beta spectrum from a source of gaseous molecular tritium, and an upper limit of 36 eV/c2 has been set on this mass. This measurement is the first upper limit on neutrino mass that does not rely on assumptions about the atomic configuration after the beta decay, and it has significantly smaller systematic errors associated with it than do previous measurements. 130 refs., 83 figs., 8 tabs.
Download or read book Experiment to Measure the Electron Neutrino Mass Using Frozen Tritium written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are performing an experiment to determine the electron neutrino mass with the precision of a few eV by measuring the tritium beta decay energy distribution near the endpoint. To make this measurement, we have built a spectrometer with a resolution of 2 eV. Our source is frozen tritium since tritium and the HeT daughter ion have electronic wavefunctions that can be calculated with high accuracy. We describe the experiment and discuss the excited final molecular state calculations.
Download or read book Status of the Los Alamos Free Atomic Tritium Beta decay Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experiment to study the beta-decay of tritium using a gaseous source of free (unbound) atomic tritium is currently underway in the Physics Division at Los Alamos. The use of free atomic tritium along with careful design of the measurement scheme should allow a definitive determination for an electron antineutrino mass approx. 10 eV.
Download or read book Sensitivity of the Theoretical Electron Capture Shape and Comparisons to Experiment written by Katrina E. Koehler and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The direct neutrino mass is a fundamental physics quantity with far-reaching implications for the physics community. Current experimental limits put the direct neutrino mass at less than 2 eV. The neutrino mass can be explored through an end-point measurement of tritium beta decay, which is currently underway in the KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN). KATRIN has a lower limit of 0.2 eV, at which point there will be either a mass measurement or another upper bound. In either case, an alternative experiment with different systematics is needed to verify the results and/or push the upper bound lower. The end point of a calorimetric electron capture spectrum is sensitive to the neutrino mass, and low temperature microcalorimeters have reached the technological maturity necessary to make such a measurement. An open question is whether the theoretical spectral shape used to interpret such a measurement is well enough understood for a sensitive mass determination. This dissertation seeks to explore the feasibility of a neutrino mass measurement using low temperature microcalorimeters by determining the sensitivity of theoretical calculations and comparing predictions of experimental observables from these calculations to experimental spectra of 163Ho, 193Pt, and 55Fe to avoid material-specific biases. In this dissertation, the theoretical shape of a calorimetric electron capture spectrum is re-categorized as a set of decisions. The effects of decisions in these categories are quantitatively explored, with a focus on experimental observables and predictions of spectral reach needed to differentiate between different calculations. While calorimetric data from 163Ho and 55Fe exists in the literature, new 193Pt data was taken for the purposes of comparison to calculations. The unique 193Pt-in-Pt absorber matrix is characterized with gamma spectroscopy and modeling for the irradiation creation process. Acquisition and analysis of the calorimetric electron capture data from this absorber is discussed. Calculations are compared to 163Ho, 193Pt, and 55Fe spectra.
Download or read book Modeling Beta Decay Spectra to Analyze the Sensitivity of a Neutrino Mass Experiment written by Talia E. Weiss and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Project 8 experiment aims to measure the electron neutrino mass by obtaining and analyzing [beta] spectra from tritium decay. Using an inferential model of the experiment's anticipated data, I evaluate its projected sensitivity to certain parameters of interest. I focus on the precision and accuracy with which Project 8 can expect to resolve the [beta]-decay spectrum's endpoint in an upcoming stage of the experiment. I also present an initial prediction of Project 8's eventual expected sensitivity to the electron neutrino mass. This analysis involved generating and analyzing [beta]-decay spectral data using a model implemented in Stan, a platform for Bayesian statistical inference. The sensitivity analysis was designed to account for the anticipated distribution of results (mass and endpoint measurements) produced by the potential variation in a number of physical and experimental parameters. In addition, the method used here allows for a calibration of the consequences of inferences and decisions made in reaching those results. I find that, using one year of Project 8 Phase II data, the T2 endpoint can be resolved within a 13.7 eV window (90% C.I.) with 62% coverage (or accuracy), corresponding to a 4.1 eV posterior standard deviation. Preliminarily, using one year of Phase IV data, the electron neutrino mass can be resolved within a 0.051 eV window (90% C.I.) with 56% coverage. I also outline a way that model-based sensitivity procedures and calibration of inference can be extended to the neutrino mass hierarchy problem.
Download or read book The Tritium Recycling System for the Neutrino Mass Experiment at Texas NEXTEX written by Michael Eckart and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades people have tried to measure the rest masses of the neutrinos, but this quest has not yet been successful. The most commonly used method to determine the rest mass of the electron anti-neutrino is to measure the high energy end of the tritium beta decay spectrum. Various experiments suffered from conceptional problems, so that currently only an upper limit of 2.3 eV is known for the rest mass of the electron anti-neutrino. The Neutrino Experiment at the University of Texas (NEXTEX) has been thoroughly designed to avoid many problems that have been encountered in former attempts to measure the rest mass. The goal of NEXTEX is to lower the upper limit to less than 0.8 eV and by doing so possibly measure the rest mass of the electron anti-neutrino for the first time. The tritium recycling system is an important part of this experiment and the purpose of this thesis is not only to describe this recycling system in detail, but also to provide information about various potential problems that might arise and how they have been solved. These potential problems include catalysts, unwanted surface reactions and the solubility of tritium in Fomblin. The latter has just recently been investigated and a great deal of attention will therefore be dedicated to the presentation of the latest results.
Download or read book Status Report on the Livermore Rockefeller Fermilab Neutrino Mass Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experiment is being performed to determine the electron neutrino mass with the precision of a few eV by measuring the tritium beta decay energy distribution near the endpoint. Key features of the experiment are a 2 eV resolution electrostatic spectrometer and a high-activity frozen tritium source.
