Download or read book An Analysis and Evaluation of Methods Used to Determine Coyote Canis Latrans Movements in Relation to Resource Use written by Hugh Gerard Broders and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coyote Control written by Russell L. Gum and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Habitat Use by Eastern Coyote Canis Latrans Along an Urban parkland Gradient written by Beth A. Judy and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study used coyote howl surveys combined with GIS to locate local coyote (Canis latrans) populations, determine the habitats where coyotes occur and estimate coyote group sizes in Bedford, North Chagrin and West Creek Reservations within the Cleveland Metroparks, Ohio. The CMP were established in 1917 and are the oldest park districts in the state of Ohio. There are 8,500 hectares (21,000 acres) of land in 16 reservations and in 2008 approximately 43,000,000 people visited the Cleveland Metroparks. Bedford, North Chagrin and West Creek Reservations have a mixture of park, forest, woodlots, residential neighborhoods, industrial areas, commercial property, open water, streams and wetlands. Coyotes have become the "top terrestrial predator" in northeastern North America and these animals are choosing to live in urban areas where humans are present and few natural habitats are available. Very little is known about the ecology and behavior of these elusive Canids around residential neighborhoods. I examined where coyotes actually lived along park boundaries. I performed howl surveys in Bedford, North Chagrin, and West Creek Reservations. Data were collected to determine coyote location, estimation of coyote group sizes and what types of habitats coyotes responded from. Overall, coyotes were heard 16.9% of the time when howl surveys were performed. Bedford Reservation had a minimum of 13 coyotes during winter months and 11 coyotes during the summer. It is believed that three coyote groups (Bedford, Cuyahoga Valley National Park and Walton Hills) were present around Bedford Reservation. North Chagrin Reservation had at least five coyotes during the winter and four coyotes in the summer months. West Creek Reservation had three coyotes respond to surveys in the winter and five coyotes replied during summer surveys. North Chagrin and West Creek Reservation each had one coyote group. Bedford Reservation coyote groups had similar responses during all three seasons (dispersal, breeding and pup-rearing). North Chagrin coyotes responded the most during the dispersal and pup-rearing seasons. West Creek Reservation had peak coyote responses during the breeding and pup-rearing seasons. For all three reservations, coyotes responded from natural areas more than from urban areas (Bedford 65%, North Chagrin 79%, and West Creek 83%). Statistics showed that Bedford coyotes responded more than West Creek coyotes. More coyotes responded during the dispersal season than during the pup-rearing season. Coyote response rates increased the closer howl surveys were performed to sunset and/or later at night (closer to midnight). Coyotes also responded more to howl surveys when temperatures were low and the moon was visible. Overall, howl surveys allowed for inexpensive monitoring of coyotes over large areas in urban-park environments. Coupled with GIS, these surveys identified where coyotes lived and the habitats they used, and therefore these methods provide the tools to inform the public better about how they may coexist with coyotes.
Download or read book Anthropogenic Influence on Coyote Canis Latrans Winter Movements in Eastern New Brunswick written by Mathieu Dumond and published by Halifax : Parks Canada, Atlantic Region. This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of 2 capture and restrain procedures used on coyotes in the Greater Kouchibouguac Ecosystem in New Brunswick. It describes the capture methods, their efficiency, and by-catch management, and addresses recommendations for future studies needing to live-trap canids. It also presents the results of an assessment of anthropogenic influence on coyote winter movements, by comparing the home ranges, movements and activity of radio-collared coyotes.
Download or read book Urbanization and Its Effects on Resource Use and Individual Specialization in Coyotes Canis Latrans in a Southern California written by Rachel Nicole Larson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological opportunity in the form of habitat and food heterogeneity are thought to be important mechanisms in maintaining individual specialization. Urban environments are unique because fragments of natural or semi-natural habitat are embedded within a permeable matrix of human-dominated areas, creating increased habitat heterogeneity compared to the surrounding landscape. In addition, urban areas can provide diet subsidies in the form of human trash and domestic animals, which also increases ecological opportunities. I investigated the degree to which coyotes (Canis latrans) utilized anthropogenic subsidies and exhibited individual specialization across the urban-rural gradient in Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, California. I used scat analysis to analyze population-level differences in diet combined with stable isotope analysis to understand diet variation on an individual level. Land use surrounding scat and isotope sample collection sites was also evaluated to determine the effect of urban land cover on diet. Human food constituted a significant portion of urban coyote diet (22% of scats, 38% of diet as estimated by stable isotope analysis). Domestic cats (Felis catus) and non-native fruit and seeds were also important prey items in urban coyote diets. Consumption of anthropogenic items decreased with decreasing urbanization. In suburban areas, seasonality influenced the frequency of occurrence of anthropogenic subsidies with increased consumption in the dry season. Seasonal effects were not seen in urban areas. The amount of altered open space (defined as golf courses, cemeteries, and mowed parks) in a coyote's home range had a negative effect on the consumption of anthropogenic items. Urban coyotes displayed reduced among-individual variation compared to suburban and rural coyotes. It is possible that the core urban areas of cities are so densely developed and subsidized that wildlife inhabiting these areas actually have reduced ecological opportunity. Suburban animals had the broadest isotopic niches and maintained similar individual specialization to rural coyotes. Wildlife in suburban areas still have access to relatively undisturbed natural areas while being able to take advantage of anthropogenic subsidies in neighboring residential areas. Therefore, areas with intermediate urban development may be associated with increased ecological opportunity and specialization.
Download or read book Validation of a Noninvasive Technique for the Assessment of Physiological Stress in Coyotes canis Latrans written by Erika T. Stevenson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantifying physiological stress may aid in a better understanding of how animals survive various environmental conditions. One noninvasive technique for assessing physiological stress in animals is to extract steroid hormones from fecal samples. This technique has the potential to aid in wildlife conservation by providing a better understanding of behavior and welfare for a variety of species. The objectives of the study were to (1) determine responses in plasma and fecal steroid hormone concentrations for coyotes (Canis latrans), (2) determine which steroid hormone (cortisol or corticosterone) was better for examining physiological stress responses for coyotes, and (3) determine the amount of time steroid hormone metabolites can be found in coyote scats during 2 different seasons. We first conducted an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge in 16 coyotes and examined both plasma and fecal steroid hormone concentrations. An ACTH challenge is when there is an externally derived hormone (ACTH) injected into a subjects blood stream, which causes an increase in the subject0́9s circulating steroid hormones associated with physiological stress. We injected 16 treatment animals with ACTH and 16 control animals with a saline solution. We collected blood and fecal samples pre- and post-injection to measure steroid hormone concentrations. Radioimmunoassay, a laboratory method used to measure substances, was used to measure concentrations of steroid hormones in coyote blood and feces. To evaluate if steroid hormone concentrations remained in feces for an extended period of time we collected samples from 6 captive coyotes and left the samples in natural environmental conditions for 13 days. Each day a sub-sample was collected, and hormones were extracted and run through radioimmunoassay. We found increased steroid hormone concentrations after an ACTH challenge in both blood and feces, validating the use of fecal steroid hormone concentrations as a tool to measure physiological stress in coyotes. We also found there were no differences in levels of steroid hormone concentrations over 13 days. Our study provides validation for use of fecal steroid hormone concentrations in coyotes to quantify stress levels and confirms that steroid hormone metabolites are viable up to 13 days post deposition in coyote scat. This noninvasive tool can aid in the evaluation of the abilities of coyotes to adapt and exist in a variety of habitats.
Download or read book Coyote Diet and Movements in Relation to Winter Recreation in Northwestern Wyoming written by Jennifer L. Burghardt Dowd and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased snowmobile use in mountainous terrain has been highlighted as a conservation concern for some Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) populations. Snow compaction resulting from winter recreation may potentially facilitate access by coyotes (Canis latrans) to habitats used by lynx during winter. Increased interactions could result in either exploitation or interference competition between the two species. Two recent, yet geographically distinct, studies showed contrasting findings regarding coyote movements and their use of snow-compacted trails during the winter. These findings suggest coyote association with snow-compacted trails may be regionally specific and dependent upon ecosystem dynamics and snow characteristics. The objectives of this study were to document diet, space use, and movements of coyotes occupying deep snow regions and explore whether a potential existed for increased interactions between coyotes and lynx due to snowmobile activity. We documented seasonal variation in coyote diets using scat collections to assess dietary overlap with lynx. Coyote resource use within and among habitats containing snowmobile activity was examined using coyote backtrack surveys during two consecutive field seasons in northwestern Wyoming. Although scat analysis findings suggest dietary overlap was not significant between coyotes and lynx during the winter or overall (all seasons combined), we lacked adequate sample size of lynx scats to determine if dietary overlap occurred during the fall, when coyote use of snowshoe hare peaked (24.1 % of all fall occurrences). Coyote backtrack surveys revealed that coyotes not only persisted in habitats used by lynx throughout the winter, but that snow compaction resulting from winter recreation use appeared to influence coyote movements during the winter months. Microhabitat analysis revealed that snow conditions influenced coyote behaviors and habitat use. This research provided insight into the impacts of winter recreation on coyote diet and habitat use during the winter months in northwestern Wyoming. In addition, these results have implications for local lynx populations in the southern periphery of their natural range. These results may assist land management agencies in planning and implementing management strategies to enhance lynx recovery, and may be used to guide decisions regarding areas designated for winter recreation and areas proposed for expansion of winter activities.
Download or read book Home Range Movements and Activity Patterns of Coyotes Canis Latrans in Los Angeles Suburbs written by Eric Samuel Shargo and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predator Damage in the West written by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology and Conservation of Birds in Urban Environments written by Enrique Murgui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-10 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides syntheses of ecological theories and overarching patterns of urban bird ecology that have only recently become available. The numerous habitats represented in this book ranges from rows of trees in wooded alleys, to wastelands and remnants of natural habitats encapsulated in the urban matrix. Authored by leading scientists in this emergent field, the chapters explore how the characteristics of the habitat in urban environments influence bird communities and populations at multiple levels of ecological organization and at different spatial and temporal scales, and how this information should be incorporated in urban planning to achieve an effective conservation of bird fauna in urban environments. Birds are among the most conspicuous and fascinating residents of urban neighborhoods and provide urban citizens with everyday wildlife contact all over the world. However, present urbanization trends are rapidly depleting their habitats, and thus knowledge of urban bird ecology is urgently needed if birds are to thrive in cities. The book is unique in its inclusion of examples from all continents (except Antarctica) in an effort to arrive at a more holistic perspective. Among other issues, the individual chapters address the censusing of birds in urban green spaces; the relationship between bird communities and the structure of urban green spaces; the role of exotic plant species as food sources for urban bird fauna; the influence of artificial light and pollutants on bird fauna; trends in long-term urban bird research, and transdisciplinary studies on bird sounds and their effects on humans. Several chapters investigate how our current knowledge of the ecology of urban bird fauna should be applied in order to achieve better management of urban habitats so as to achieve conservation of species or even increase species diversity. The book also provides a forward-looking summary on potential research directions. As such, it provides a valuable resource for urban ecologists, urban ecology students, landscape architects, city planners, decision makers and anyone with an interest in urban ornithology and bird conservation. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive overview for researchers in the fields of ecology and conservation of urban bird fauna.
Download or read book Bibliography on the Control and Management of the Coyote and Related Canids with Selected References on Animal Physiology Behaviour Control Methods and Reproduction written by E. H. Dolnick and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dispersal Ecology and Evolution written by Jean Clobert and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now that so many ecosystems face rapid and major environmental change, the ability of species to respond to these changes by dispersing or moving between different patches of habitat can be crucial to ensuring their survival. Understanding dispersal has become key to understanding how populations may persist. Dispersal Ecology and Evolution provides a timely and wide-ranging overview of the fast expanding field of dispersal ecology, incorporating the very latest research. The causes, mechanisms, and consequences of dispersal at the individual, population, species, and community levels are considered. Perspectives and insights are offered from the fields of evolution, behavioural ecology, conservation biology, and genetics. Throughout the book theoretical approaches are combined with empirical data, and care has been taken to include examples from as wide a range of species as possible - both plant and animal.
Download or read book The Effects of Social Status and Learning on Captive Coyote Canis Latrans Behavior written by Lynne Barbara Gilbert-Norton and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many canids live within hierarchical social systems that could promote differences in learning or in behavior between ranked individuals. Differences in foraging and territorial behavior have been observed between ranked coyotes (Canis latrans), yet effects of learning and social status on coyote behavior are not thoroughly understood. I explored a) coyote response to an artificial scent boundary and whether response differed by status, b) how foraging coyotes tracked temporal resource change, and c) how coyotes find spatially distributed food, and the effect of dominance on foraging behavior. I used male/female pairs of captive coyotes at the National Wildlife Research Center Predator Research Facility in Utah. Prior to testing, I identified social rank within pairs by testing for food dominance. In study 1, I laid a scent boundary and monitored space use with GPS and observed behavioral responses directly. All coyotes investigated and crossed the boundary, but were repelled more by human presence. Subordinates investigated and marked the boundary more than dominants. Further investigation is needed to mimic natural boundaries for management purposes. In study 2, I gave eight individual coyotes an operant test with concurrent variable interval (VI) schedules. I varied the ratio of resources and measured the time spent on two choices, then fitted the generalized matching equation to the data. I found that all coyotes efficiently tracked changes in resource ratios and matched their relative rate of foraging time to relative rate of resources. Matching theory provides an effective methodology to explore foraging strategies and behavioral flexibility in coyotes. In study 3, I tested 16 coyotes in a spatial foraging task. Coyotes searched for food in eight potential locations, and were tested individually and in respective pairs. I recorded the area and number of locations searched, approach time, and frequency of marking by dominant and subordinate coyotes. Results showed individual subordinates increased efficiency by relocating, but their efficiency decreased when foraging in pairs. Dominant coyotes did not increase efficiency in company by following subordinates. Coyotes marked the correct feeder more than incorrect feeders. Results suggest coyotes use memory and odor (scent marks) to find food, but that social status overrules information use.
Download or read book Field Test of the Coyote Lure Operative Device for Delivery of Oral Contraceptives written by Marjorie J. MacGregor and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coyotes (Canis latrans) have been and continue to be significant predators of livestock, mainly domestic sheep. Managing coyote predation remains a challenge. A variety of non-lethal population control methods including reproductive inhibitors are currently being tested. The primary constraint of an efficient, inexpensive biological control method is developing a species-specific method of delivery. The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of the Coyote Lure Operative Device (CLOD) for delivery of oral reproductive inhibitors in Southeastern Wyoming in conjunction with enhanced sensory cues and winter weather variables. One hundred and ninety CLODs were activated during the study period, November 1, 2007 - April 3, 2008. DNA analysis confirmed activations by 66 coyotes (Canis latrans), 90 red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and 7 unknown canid species. Preference for activations of CLODs by coyotes with Karo® syrup when used in conjunction with a lure (Fatty Acid Scent) was significant (F 3, 1052 =6.18, p=0.000). No correlations were found to exist between number of activations and weather patterns. This field research shows that oral reproductive inhibitors can be delivered to free ranging coyotes during the winter, via the CLOD. The data shows that the CLOD is not a species-specific delivery device; rather, it is a canid specific delivery device.
Download or read book The Eastern Coyote canis Latrans in Washington D C written by Lindsay Powers and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a later stage of their range expansion across North America over the last 100 years or so, coyotes (Canis latrans) arrived in the Washington, D.C. area relatively recently, with reported sightings in and around Rock Creek Park since 2004. While coyotes have been studied in many other metropolitan areas, there has been little research on the urban population within the District. This study focused on how coyotes might be moving in and out of Rock Creek Park using camera traps placed in tributary areas that could serve as green travel corridors, and near the park's northern boundary where a green corridor extends into Maryland. Knowledge of coyotes' travel behaviors could help indicate areas outside the park that they might frequent and include in their home ranges. This study also focused on the diet of coyotes within Rock Creek Park through scat analysis to learn more about their potential impact on the local ecosystem. Lastly, this study involved the conduction of howl surveys and investigation of sound analysis of coyote howls as a potential tool that researchers could use to track individuals within the district. With coyotes as an established presence in the area, a greater understanding of their behaviors within this specific urban context can help inform possible management strategies and education efforts.
Download or read book Suburban Howls written by Jonathan G Way and published by . This book was released on 2014-06 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the experiences and findings of a biologist studying eastern coyote ecology and behavior in urbanized eastern Massachusetts. It is written in layman's language and weaves in research results with personal experiences to give a fuller picture understand canid ecology and behavior while making it easy to read
Download or read book Coyotes Wolves and People written by Candace D. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Coyote abundance across the United States increased during the past century due in part to 1) the decline of large carnivores (e.g., wolves) and 2) coyotes' ability to adapt to human-altered landscapes. However, the recent recolonization of wolves and increasing urbanization in parts of the west might have negative impacts on coyote abundance. To address this issue, I examined coyote relative abundance on an urban- wildland gradient in northeastern Washington. For this study simulated gray wolf vocalizations were used to estimate coyote relative abundance from return vocalizations. Relative abundance was compared between five land-use categories (urban center, low- density residential, close protected, unfarmed rural, and distant protected) and three seasons (1, May- August; 2, September- December; 3, January- April). Analysis of 408 coyote vocalizations revealed relative abundance was greatest in the close protected and unfarmed rural land-use categories when compared to the urban center. Season 2 also had greater coyote relative abundance when compared to Seasons 1 and 3. In addition I measured ten natural (maximum variation of elevation, elevation, distance to water, percent tree cover, and gray wolf presence) and human-altered (commercial density, distance to urban center, house density, livestock usage, and road density) landscape characteristics using ArcGIS. Multiple regression analysis revealed that coyote relative abundance was negatively associated with roads and maximum variation of elevation, but positively associated with gray wolf presence and marginally positive with tree cover. Finally, four session variables (moon fullness, season, temperature, and time since sunset) were measured throughout the sample year. Multiple regression revealed that moon fullness and time since sunset were negatively associated with coyote return vocalizations. This study provides baseline information on the combined effects of increasing urbanization and initial recolonization of wolves on coyote relative abundance in northeastern Washington"--Document.
