Download or read book Alternative Instruments for Smoothing the Consumption of Primary Commodity Exporters written by Kenneth Kletzer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To reduce price risk caused by the instability of primary commodity markets, countries that depend for export earnings on a single primary commodity can find substantial long- run protection by rolling over one- period futures. The practical benefits of a substantially longer hedging horizon may often be small.

Download or read book Alternative Instruments for Smoothing the Consumption of Primary Commodity Exporters written by Kenneth Kletzer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Alternative Instruments for Smoothing the Consumption of Primary Commodity Exporters written by Kenneth Kletzer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To reduce price risk caused by the instability of primary commodity markets, countries that depend for export earnings on a single primary commodity can find substantial long- run protection by rolling over one- period futures. The practical benefits of a substantially longer hedging horizon may often be small.

Download or read book Managing Food Security In Unregulated Markets written by Robert D. Reinsel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major grain producing nations are moving toward the reduction of domestic and export subsidies to agriculture. The grain importing nations are reducing import barriers. As world markets evolve, grain will tend to be produced in areas that have a comparative advantage in grain production. Over time, production will shift to least-cost areas. Moving toward market orientation during the 1980's, the United States sharply modified its grain policy so that nonrecourse loans are no longer used as price enhancement devices. The loan rates are established at a percentage below the moving average price and now provide a safety net for prices when aggregate output is much larger than normal in relation to demand. This change tends to remove the United States from its long-term role as residual supplier to the world markets. U.S. grains are more likely to be priced competitively, and stocks are unlikely to accumulate in government storage.

Download or read book Measuring Outward Orientation in Developing Countries written by Lant Pritchett and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lessons of Tax Reform written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Labor Market and the Transition of Socialist Economies written by Milan Vodopivec and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One challenge of the transition of socialist economies to multiparty democracy and a market economy will be to reallocate labor while minimizing the social costs of unemployment. Vodopivec identifies the key issues of labor reform and makes policy recommendations.

Download or read book Do Natural Resource Based Industrialization Strategies Convey Important Unrecognized Price Benefits for Commodity Exporting Developing Countries written by Alexander J. Yeats and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the relative shift from primary commodity exports to more processed commodities between the 1960s and the 1980s, most developing countries have experienced less instability in export earnings for agricultural materials, ores, and metals - and more favorable long-term price trends.

Download or read book Costs and benefits of agricultural price stabilization in Brazil written by Avishay Braverman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Higher Wages for Relief Work Can Make Many of the Poor Worse Off written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guaranteed employment can be valuable insurance against poverty. But the recent experience in Maharashtra suggests that raising the wage rate when you don't have the budget to pay for it is not in the interests of all the poor. Some get higher pay, but others must go without relief work.

Download or read book Taxing Choices in Deficit Reduction written by John Baffes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fiscal Policy and Private Investment in Developing Countries written by Ajay Chhibber and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The key to sustained recovery in developing countries is the revival of private investment. This revival requires a coordinated set of credible policies - fiscal, exchange rate, tax, and public expenditure restructuring. In several countries the debt overhang is also an obstacle to achieving that credibility.

Download or read book Anticipated Real Exchange rate Changes and the Dynamics of Investment written by Luis Serven and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unanticipated changes in the real exchange rate affect investment through their impact on the desired capital stock, whose direction depends on a number of factors and is in general ambiguous. In contrast, anticipated changes can also have an important effect on the optimal timing of investment, in a direction that depends on the financial openness of the economy and on the important content of capital goods. This issue is explored using a simple macroeconomic model.

Download or read book Issues in Socialist Economy Reform written by Stanley Fischer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chile s Experience with Stabilization Revisited written by Vittorio Corbo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cost of stabilization in chronic- inflation countries is high, whether it is paid up front (with fiscal shock) or delayed (in exchange- rate- based stabilization). And eliminating the fiscal deficit is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for controlling inflation. The breaking of inertia calls for a coordination device in the transition toward price stability.

Download or read book Credit s Effect on Productivity in Chinese Agriculture written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Bank s Use of Technical Assistance for Institutional Development written by Beatrice Buyck and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whenever the Bank identifies shortcomings in institutional capability, technical assistance is automatically assumed to be the appropriate response. But technical assistance has, and will continue to have limitations - and there are alternatives.