Download or read book Age related Changes in Multisensory Self motion Perception written by Robert Charles Ramkhalawansingh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To derive the precise estimates of self-motion necessary to perform mobility-related tasks like walking and driving, humans integrate information about their movement from across their sensory systems (e.g. visual, auditory, proprioceptive, vestibular). However, recent evidence suggests that the way in which multiple sensory inputs are integrated by the adult brain changes with age. The objective of this thesis was to consider, for the first time, whether age-related changes in multisensory integration are observed in the context of self-motion perception. Two research approaches were used. First, I used a simple, simulated driving task to provide visual cues to self-motion and to manipulate the availability of auditory and/or vestibular cues to self-motion (i.e., unisensory versus multisensory conditions). The results revealed that relative to younger adults, older adults generally demonstrate greater differences in performance between multisensory and unisensory conditions. However, the driving task could not disentangle the effects of age-related differences in real-world driving experience from age-related differences in sensory integrative mechanisms. Second, I used an established and highly controlled psychophysical heading perception task to evaluate whether, like younger adults, older adults integrate visual and vestibular cues to self-motion in a statistically optimal fashion. I considered conditions where each of the two cues was presented alone, in combination and congruent, or in combination but indicating conflicting heading angles. Results showed that while older adults did demonstrate optimal integration during congruent conditions, they were comparatively less tolerant to spatial conflicts between the visual and vestibular inputs. Overall, these results may have important implications for the way that older adults perform mobility-related tasks under various perceptual and environmental conditions.
Download or read book Self motion Perception and Multisensory Integration in Older Adults written by Grace A. Gabriel and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aging is associated with changes in how our brains combine sensory information when perceiving self-motion. Despite age-related changes in sensory integration, little is known about whether multisensory self-motion perception changes in older adults (OAs). Understanding such changes is important since OAs are particularly vulnerable to errors during self-motion, which can increase their risk of injury (e.g., when walking, driving). Vestibular cues are very important for self-motion perception, yet how vestibular perception changes with older age and age-related sensory declines is understudied. Therefore, in Chapter 2, I explored whether vestibular perceptual thresholds differ between healthy OAs (i.e., no sensory/cognitive decline) and younger adults (YAs), for two different motion types (heave and pitch). Thresholds were measured using two different perceptual tasks: 1) detection task, and 2) discrimination task. Postural stability was also assessed. OAs demonstrated higher (worse) detection thresholds than YAs for both motions. Larger postural sway in OAs was also associated with higher vestibular thresholds.Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is highly prevalent in OAs and is associated with increased falls risk. Therefore, using the same paradigm as Chapter 2, in Chapter 3 I evaluated whether higher vestibular perceptual thresholds are observed in individuals with ARHL than those with normal hearing. Here, OAs with ARHL showed higher pitch discrimination thresholds than those with normal hearing. Hearing loss in the low-frequency ranges also predicted worse pitch detection. Given that older age (Chapter 2) and ARHL (Chapter 3) were shown to predict poorer self-motion perception, in Chapter 4 I evaluated whether self-motion perception could be improved with training. Specifically, I trained OAs and YAs on a visual-vestibular heading-discrimination task. While OAs showed poorer overall precision than YAs, both groups showed improved precision post-training for the sensory condition with the lowest pre-training precision (visual-only). A sub-group of OAs who initially could not perform the visual heading task demonstrated greatly improved performance post-training. Collectively, I show that while healthy aging and common age-related sensory declines may be associated with poorer self-motion perception, training can potentially be used to improve these abilities. Together, these results may have implications for informing fall/collision prevention strategies.
Download or read book Perception Control of Self motion written by Rik Warren and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1990. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Updates on multisensory perception from neurons to cognition written by Angelo Maravita and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there has been a dramatic progress in understanding how stimuli from different sensory modalities are integrated among each other. Multisensory integration results in a unitary representation of the world that strongly characterizes perception and cognition in humans. Knowledge about multi sensory integration has research techniques and approaches, including neurophysiology, experimental psychology, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, and computational modelling. This special issue aims at presenting an up-to-date integrative overview of the physiological, psychological, developmental, and functional processes associated with multisensory integration. The proposed collection of papers is organized thematically into sections, each featuring a state-of-the-art review of key themes in multisensory research, from more approaches in the animal, to the study of multisensory perception and cognition in humans. Specifically, this special issue will consider: The physiological mechanisms of multisensory processing in cortical and subcortical brain structures of model animal species, (rat, cat, and monkey); current biologically inspired computational modelling of multisensory integration; evidence about the multisensory contributions to perception in humans, as highlighted by psychophysical and neuropsychological evidence; the neural basis of multisensory processing in the human brain uncovered by recent neuroimaging techniques, including EEG, PET, fMRI; the consequences of the breakdown of normal sensory integration as shown by studies with techniques of brain stimulation in humans; developmental processes of multisensory perception in humans and the constrains for the emergence of multisensory processes in relation to sensory experience; the issue of crossmodal neuroplasticity concerning behavioral and neural changes following sensory deprivation. The challenge of this Research Topic is to provide an interdisciplinary context allowing to understand the basic principles of multisensory integration in humans and the key issues that this fascinating field of study rises for future research.
Download or read book Multisensory Development written by Andrew J. Bremner and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-06-21 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We perceive and understand our environment using many sensory systems-vision, touch, hearing, taste, smell, and proprioception. These multiple sensory modalities not only give us complementary sources of information about the environment but also an understanding that is richer and more complex than one modality alone could achieve. As adults, we integrate the multiple signals from these sense organs into unified functional representations. However, the ease with which we accomplish this feat belies its computational complexity. Not only do the senses convey information about the environment in different neural codes, but the relationship between the senses frequently changes when, for example, the body changes posture (e.g. when the eyes move in their sockets), or indeed shape, when the body grows across development. These computational problems prompt an important question which represents the key focus of this book: How do we develop the ability to integrate the senses? While there is a considerable literature on the development of single senses, such as vision or hearing, few books have considered the development of all our senses, and more importantly, how they develop the ability to work with each other. This book is unique in exploring this extraordinary feat of human nature - how we develop the ability to integrate our senses. It will be an important book for all those in the fields of cognitive and developmental neuroscience.
Download or read book Multisensory Perception and Action psychophysics neural mechanisms and applications written by Zhuanghua Shi and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2015 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multisensory Integration in Spatial Orientation and Self motion Perception written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Age related Changes in Multisensory Integration Mechanisms written by Julia Diana Nannt and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigated the audiovisual integration between two age groups (aged 18-32 and 65-72 years). The impact of stimulus intensity and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) on the reaction time and the event-related potentials (ERPs) was assessed. Reaction time experiment: For both age groups, shorter reaction times were found for high intensity stimuli and bimodal stimuli with large SOA. Elderly adults exhibited slower reaction times to unimodal stimuli when compared to young adults. Both age groups had a similar amount of multisensory enhancement. Electroencephalography experiment: To determine the proportion of multisensory interaction, the ERP to the bimodal stimulus was compared to the sum of the two unimodal ERPs. Age-related changes were found for the positive integration component P150 where elderly adults exhibited longer latencies. The latency of the P150 was shorter for high intensity stimuli, and the proportion of multisensory interaction (amplitude) was highest for bimodal stimuli with negative SOA. engl.
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Multisensory Cue Integration for Self motion Perception written by Christopher Robert Fetsch and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Age Related Changes in Motion Perception and Perceptual Learning written by Jeffrey Dennis Bower and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following studies examined age-related decrements in motion perception processing. Using a perceptual learning paradigm, perceptual inefficiency was compared between younger and older observers. Perceptual inefficiency was modeled using the Perceptual Template Model (Lu & Dosher, 1998; Lu & Dosher, 1999). Baseline differences and changes over training were assessed for additive internal noise, tolerance to external noise, and internal multiplicative noise in both older and younger observers. Experiments 1 and 2 examined age-related changes in baseline perceptual inefficiency and learning after training. Experiments 1 and 2 trained participants by manipulating contrast in noise embedded sine-wave gratings and Random Dot Cinematograms (RDCs). The results indicate that older observers have higher additive internal noise and lower tolerance to external noise compared to younger observers. Perceptual learning in older observers was found to be at a similar rate to that of younger observers suggesting that cortical plasticity for motion processing is well preserved in advancing age. Experiment 3 examined transfer of learning between sine-wave gratings and RDCs for both older and younger observers. The results indicated that transfer of learning occurred for both age groups. This suggests that older individuals maintain a sufficient degree of plasticity to allow generalization between sine-wave gratings and RDCs. In addition, training with RDCs was found to produce greater perceptual learning than training with sine-wave gratings. Experiment 4 examined if center-surround antagonism could be increased through perceptual training which would provide evidence that neural inhibition is related to internal noise. Center-surround antagonism enables edge detection through an antagonistic interaction between the center and the surround regions of a receptive field. Younger and older participants were trained on duration thresholds with Gabor patches that varied in size and contrast. The results of Experiment 4 indicate that some perceptual learning occurred in both younger and older participants but were inconclusive with regards to inhibition in visual cortex. The present studies provided important findings regarding changes in perceptual efficiency for motion perception in older adults. Cortical plasticity was found to be well preserved in older adults indicating that perceptual training may be an effective way to improve motion perception.
Download or read book Age related Differences in Audiovisual Multisensory Integration written by Denton Jack DeLoss and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research has demonstrated that multisensory integration, once thought to be isolated to later stages of processing in polysensory areas, may play a significant part in nearly all sensory processing. A large volume of research has also found a wide array of perceptual and cognitive changes with age. Given these sensory declines, we would also expect similar declines in multisensory integration. The present studies examined age-related changes in multisensory integration using the sound-induced flash illusion. The illusion is studied by presenting a number of visual flashes paired with a discrepant number of auditory beeps. The first experiment examined multisensory integration in younger and older individuals using the sound-induced flash illusion. Older individuals were found to have stronger multisensory integration as compared to younger individuals. The second experiment examined whether this increased integration could be due to decreased inhibitory control in older individuals, or a decrease in their ability to ignore the auditory beeps. This was examined by including an unrelated task in the visual and auditory modalities. The results of the study found that the addition of the task did influence the strength of the illusion in both older and younger individuals. However, this did not differ by age, indicating that attentional differences are not the cause of increased integration in older individuals. The third experiment examined whether the strength of the visual and auditory stimuli influences the strength of integration and whether this differs for older and younger individuals. The strength of the stimuli was found to influence the strength of the illusion, with decreased stimulus strength increasing the strength of the illusion. No age-related differences were found for the sound-induced flash illusion. However, older individuals showed a greater change in integration with decreased stimulus strength for the reverse illusion in which participants report the number of beeps presented instead of the number of flashes. Lastly, the fourth experiment examined whether spatial disparity influences the illusion and whether this changes with age. Spatial disparity between the auditory and visual flashes was not found to influence the illusion to a high degree and no age-related differences were found.
Download or read book Multisensory Integration in Speech and Motion Perception written by Lars Arne Ross and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Age related Changes in the Perception of Apparent Movement written by Carl August Hormann and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantifying Self Perception written by Adria Erin Nicole Hoover and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are diffuse and distinct cortical networks involved in the various aspects of body representation that organize information from multiple sensory inputs and resolve conflicts when faced with incongruent situations. This coherence is typically maintained as we maneuver around the world, as our bodies change over the years, and as we gain experience. An important aspect of a congruent representation of the body in the brain is the visual perspective in which we are able to directly view our own body. There is a clear separation of the cortical networks involved in seeing our own body and that of another person. For the projects presented in my dissertation, I used an experimental design in which participants were required to make a multisensory temporal asynchrony discrimination after self-generated movements. I measured sensitivity for visual delay detection between the movement (proprioceptive, efferent and afferent information) and the visual image of that movement under differing visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular conditions. The self-advantage is a signature of body ownership and is characterized by a significantly lower threshold for delay detection for views of the body that are considered self compared to those that are regarded as other. Overall, the results from the collection of studies suggest that the tolerance for temporally matching visual, proprioceptive and efferent copy information that informs about the perceived position of body parts depends on: whether one is viewing ones own body or someone elses; the perspective in which the body is viewed; the dominant hand; and the reliability of vestibular cues which help us situate our body in space. Further, the self-advantage provides a robust measure of body ownership. The experiments provide a window on and support for the malleable nature of the representation of the body in the brain.
Download or read book The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes written by Micah M. Murray and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-08-25 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become accepted in the neuroscience community that perception and performance are quintessentially multisensory by nature. Using the full palette of modern brain imaging and neuroscience methods, The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes details current understanding in the neural bases for these phenomena as studied across species, stages of development, and clinical statuses. Organized thematically into nine sub-sections, the book is a collection of contributions by leading scientists in the field. Chapters build generally from basic to applied, allowing readers to ascertain how fundamental science informs the clinical and applied sciences. Topics discussed include: Anatomy, essential for understanding the neural substrates of multisensory processing Neurophysiological bases and how multisensory stimuli can dramatically change the encoding processes for sensory information Combinatorial principles and modeling, focusing on efforts to gain a better mechanistic handle on multisensory operations and their network dynamics Development and plasticity Clinical manifestations and how perception and action are affected by altered sensory experience Attention and spatial representations The last sections of the book focus on naturalistic multisensory processes in three separate contexts: motion signals, multisensory contributions to the perception and generation of communication signals, and how the perception of flavor is generated. The text provides a solid introduction for newcomers and a strong overview of the current state of the field for experts.
Download or read book The Intersection of Cognitive Motor and Sensory Processing in Aging Links to Functional Outcomes written by Jeannette R. Mahoney and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-07 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
