Download or read book Unofficial United States Guide to the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 written by Theodore Richard and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions ("AP I") is central to the modern law of war, widely referred to as international humanitarian law outside the United States. It updates the Geneva Conventions for protection of war victims and combines them with new or updated rules governing hostilities and the use of weapons found in the Hague Regulations Respecting the Laws and Customs of War. Due to its comprehensive nature and adoption by a majority of States, AP I is frequently cited as the source for law of war rules by attorneys and others interested in protecting humanitarian interests. The challenge for United States attorneys, however, is that their country is not a party to AP I and has been a persistent objector to many of its new rules.While the United States signed the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions in 1977, it determined, after 10 years of analysis, that it would not ratify the protocol. President Reagan called AP I "fundamentally and irreconcilably flawed."1 Yet, as will be detailed throughout this guide, United States officials have declared that aspects of AP I are customary international law. Forty years after signing AP I, and 30 years after rejecting it, the United States has never presented a comprehensive, systematic, official position on the protocol. Officials from the United States Departments of Defense and State have taken positions on particular portions of it. This guide attempts to bring those sources together in one location.
Download or read book New Rules for Victims of Armed Conflicts written by Michael Bothe and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 1982-04-30 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the advances made by the international community to outlaw the resort to force by the United Nations Charter, armed conflicts both international & non-international are a fact of every day life. The civilian casualties from such conflicts have assumed catastrophic proportions. Little attention, however, has been paid by scholars to the treatment of noncombatants in armed conflict & the place in international law of the principle fundamental to the law of armed conflict: noncombatant immunity. This work aims to remedy this omission. The author analyses in detail the content of the customary & conventional rules that give effect to this principle, in both international & non-international armed conflict. The importance of such a study is highlighted by the recent Gulf conflict where so many of the States were not bound by the most recent treaty rules protecting noncombatants.
Download or read book Protocol written by Alexander R. Galloway and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006-02-17 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Control Exists after Decentralization Is the Internet a vast arena of unrestricted communication and freely exchanged information or a regulated, highly structured virtual bureaucracy? In Protocol, Alexander Galloway argues that the founding principle of the Net is control, not freedom, and that the controlling power lies in the technical protocols that make network connections (and disconnections) possible. He does this by treating the computer as a textual medium that is based on a technological language, code. Code, he argues, can be subject to the same kind of cultural and literary analysis as any natural language; computer languages have their own syntax, grammar, communities, and cultures. Instead of relying on established theoretical approaches, Galloway finds a new way to write about digital media, drawing on his backgrounds in computer programming and critical theory. "Discipline-hopping is a necessity when it comes to complicated socio-technical topics like protocol," he writes in the preface. Galloway begins by examining the types of protocols that exist, including TCP/IP, DNS, and HTML. He then looks at examples of resistance and subversion—hackers, viruses, cyberfeminism, Internet art—which he views as emblematic of the larger transformations now taking place within digital culture. Written for a nontechnical audience, Protocol serves as a necessary counterpoint to the wildly utopian visions of the Net that were so widespread in earlier days.
Download or read book Additional Banerji Protocols from the Clinic written by Nimisha Parekh and published by . This book was released on 2019-03 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These are additional Banerji Protocols which have been put together from my experience at the Banerji Clinic in Kolkata over the years. These clinic protocols are not listed in the original Banerji Protocols book. The book is in alphabetical order.
Download or read book The Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions in Context written by Annyssa Bellal and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-10-20 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Additional Protocols to the 1949 Geneva Conventions remain a landmark in the development of international humanitarian law. The first two Additional Protocols were adopted by states in 1977. These protocols encompass the rules governing the treatment and protection of those in the power of an enemy, as well as the conduct of hostilities. Crucially, they address non-international armed conflicts and wars of national liberation. In 2005, a third additional protocol designating an additional distinctive humanitarian emblem was adopted in controversial circumstances. The Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions in Context interprets the key rules and issues of the Additional Protocols and considers their application and implementation over the past forty years. Taking a thematic approach, the book examines subjects including the protection of women, armed non-state actors, relief operations, and prohibited weapons. Each chapter discusses the pertinence of existing laws, the challenges raised by the rules in the Additional Protocols, and what more could be done to better protect civilians. This book also considers whether new technologies, such as offensive cyber operations and autonomous weapons, need new treaty rules to regulate their application in armed conflict.
Download or read book The Greenhouse Gas Protocol written by and published by World Business Pub.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.
Download or read book Revisiting the Geneva Conventions 1949 2019 written by Md. Jahid Hossain Bhuiyan and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is designed to provide an overview of the development, meaning, and nature of international humanitarian law (IHL). It presents a critical review of the protection of the injured, sick and shipwrecked, prisoners of war (POWs) and civilians during times of war, the prevention of forcible transfer of civilians, the four Geneva Conventions from a Third World point of view, the ideals of distinction, proportionality and precaution from the point of view of Islamic law and the issues faced in implementing IHL. This lucidly written and timely book will greatly benefit anyone interested in the protection of victims of armed conflict. Contents: Notes on editors; Notes on contributors; List of acronyms and abbreviations; Preface; Foreword; International Legal Protection of Persons Affected by War: Challenges and the Way Forward, Md Jahid Hossain Bhuiyan and Borhan Uddin Khan 1 The Development of the Geneva Conventions, Borhan Uddin Khan and Nazmuzzaman Bhuian 2 The Legal Status and Protection of the Rights of Prisoners of War, Md Jahid Hossain Bhuiyan 3 The Prohibition of Deportation and Forcible Transfer of Civilian Populations in the Fourth Geneva Convention and Beyond, Etienne Henry 4 Combatants Aboard Medical Aircraft Who Fall into the Hands of a Neutral Power – the Scope of Their Liability to Detention Under the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1977 Additional Protocol I, Yutaka Arai-Takahashi 5 Forced Transfer of Aliens during Armed Conflicts, Pablo Antonio Fernández Sánchez 6 The Geneva Conventions and Non-International Armed Conflicts, Noelle Higgins 7 Four Geneva Conventions of 1949: A Third World View, Srinivas Burra 8 Criminalising Rape and Sexual Violence in Armed Conflicts: Evolving Criminality and Culpability from the Geneva Conventions to the Bangladesh International Crimes Trial, M Rafiqul Islam 9 Principles of Distinction, Proportionality and Precautions under the Geneva Conventions: The Perspective of Islamic Law, Mohd Hisham Mohd Kamal 10 Implementation of International Humanitarian Law and the Current Challenges, Borhan Uddin Khan and Nakib Muhammad Nasrullah 11 The Geneva Conventions and Enforcement of International Humanitarian Law, Derek Jinks Index.
Download or read book Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention written by and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 3034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application and interpretation of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their two Additional Protocols of 1977 have developed significantly in the seventy years since the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) first published its Commentaries on these important humanitarian treaties. To promote a better understanding of, and respect for, this body of law, the ICRC commissioned a comprehensive update of its original Commentaries, of which this is the third volume. The Third Convention, relative to the treatment of prisoners of war and their protections, takes into account developments in the law and practice in the past seven decades to provide up-to-date interpretations of the Convention. The new Commentary has been reviewed by humanitarian law practitioners and academics from around the world. This new Commentary will be an essential tool for anyone involved with international humanitarian law.
Download or read book Protocol written by Pauline B. Innis and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research A User s Guide written by Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov)
Download or read book ACSM s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription written by American College of Sports Medicine and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2014 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The flagship title of the certification suite from the American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription is a handbook that delivers scientifically based standards on exercise testing and prescription to the certification candidate, the professional, and the student. The 9th edition focuses on evidence-based recommendations that reflect the latest research and clinical information. This manual is an essential resource for any health/fitness and clinical exercise professional, physician, nurse, physician assistant, physical and occupational therapist, dietician, and health care administrator. This manual give succinct summaries of recommended procedures for exercise testing and exercise prescription in healthy and diseased patients.
Download or read book SIP written by Alan B. Johnston and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2004 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This newly revised edition of the ground-breaking Artech House bestseller, SIP: Understanding the Session Initiation Protocol gives you a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this revolutionary protocol for call signaling and IP Telephony. The second edition includes brand new discussions on the use of SIP for wireless multimedia communications. It explains how SIP is powerful "rendezvous" protocol that leverages mobility and presence to allow users to communicate using different devices, modes, and services anywhere they are connected to the Internet You learn why SIP has been chosen by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Program for wireless cell phones) as the core signaling, presence, and instant messaging protocol.
Download or read book The Athena Protocol written by Shamim Sarif and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bourne Identity meets Karen McManus in this action-packed series opener about a spy gone rogue, perfect for fans of Ally Carter and Killing Eve. Jessie Archer is a member of the Athena Protocol, an elite organization of female spies who enact vigilante justice around the world. Athena operatives are never supposed to shoot to kill—so when Jessie can’t stop herself from pulling the trigger, she gets kicked out of the organization, right before a huge mission to take down a human trafficker in Belgrade. Jessie needs to right her wrong and prove herself, so she starts her own investigation into the trafficking. But going rogue means she has no one to watch her back as she delves into the horrors she uncovers. Meanwhile, her former teammates have been ordered to bring her down. Jessie must face danger from all sides if she’s to complete her mission—and survive. Don’t miss this gripping page-turner that New York Times bestselling author Patrick Ness called “a ferocious, take-no-prisoners thriller that actually thrills!”
Download or read book International Law and the Classification of Conflicts written by Elizabeth Wilmshurst and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises contributions by leading experts in the field of international humanitarian law on the subject of the categorisation or classification of armed conflict. It is divided into two sections: the first aims to provide the reader with a sound understanding of the legal questions surrounding the classification of hostilities and its consequences; the second includes ten case studies that examine practice in respect of classification. Understanding how classification operates in theory and practice is a precursor to identifying the relevant rules that govern parties to hostilities. With changing forms of armed conflict which may involve multi-national operations, transnational armed groups and organized criminal gangs, the need for clarity of the law is all-important. The case studies selected for analysis are Northern Ireland, DRC, Colombia, Afghanistan (from 2001), Gaza, South Ossetia, Iraq (from 2003), Lebanon (2006), the so-called war against Al-Qaeda, and future trends. The studies explore the legal consequences of classification particularly in respect of the use of force, detention in armed conflict, and the relationship between human rights law and international humanitarian law. The practice identified in the case studies allows the final chapter to draw conclusions as to the state of the law on classification.
Download or read book SD Protocol written by Wayne Todd and published by . This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ground-breaking new book simply and powerfully links the gut, posture and the hormone system with the nervous system to create an easy to follow template for a healthier life. Over 27 years of clinical practice, Dr. Wayne has seen a disturbing trend with how demanding or stressful lifestyles can activate the survival mechanism in the brain. When we stay in that zone for an extended period of time, it suppresses critical systems within the body and leaves us open to a cascade of health issues. Written in language that can be understood by patients and practitioners alike, The SD Protocol takes you back to where health starts to spiral out of control. It will show you how seemingly unrelated conditions are actually linked and empower you with simple tools to help you get back in control of your health.
Download or read book ELEMENTS OF NETWORK PROTOCOL DESIGN written by Mohamed G. Gouda and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-05 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special Features: · Focuses on the topic of designing and implementing computer network information transfer protocols. While we are all becoming familiar with the Internet, which uses the Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), many computer networking solutions have been and will continue to be based on other perhaps proprietary, secure protocols About The Book: This book focuses on the design and implementation of these computer network information transfer protocols. Using the Internet as a running case study throughout the book, the authors introduce a formal notation for writing network protocols and organize their discussion around protocol functions
Download or read book The Protocol to the Agreement of the International Atomic Energy Agency Regarding Safeguards in the United States Treaty Doc 107 7 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
