Download or read book Acidogenic Anaerobic Digestion of Primary Sludge as a Supplement in Biological Nutrient Removal written by Supawadee Sinnaraprasat and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soluble COD from Primary Sludge Acidogenic Anaerobic Digestion as Carbon Source Supplement to Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor AnA2 O2SBR in Biological Nutrient Removal written by Angsumarn Chandarawongse and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Acid Phase Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Sludges to Improve Biological Nutrient Removal Processes written by Antonio Albornoz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) can improve the balance sheet for waste water treatment plants. However, for phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) to work efficiently, there needs to be a readily biodegradable carbon source as their substrate for growth. Side stream hydrolysis and acid-phase fermentation of the sludge can generate readily available carbon in the form of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The VFAs are subsequently consumed by PAOs to support the phosphorus removal process. Phosphorus is then recovered from the waste activated sludge using various dewatering and sorting methods. This study evaluated modeling of side-stream acid-phase digestion of primary sludge to support consistent production of VFAs and thereby stabilize and optimize phosphorus removal processes. In this regard, hydrolysis processes were focused on since they are typically the rate-limiting step in anaerobic digestion. It was found that the literature fails to provide consistent information to aid in the modeling of this process, particularly with regards to the values of the hydrolysis rate constants and the sensitivity of these constants to environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and sludge composition. An experimental set up consisting of three semi-batch reactors provided data that was subsequently employed in the model evaluation. The reactors were fed with either primary sludge (PS), waste activated sludge (WAS), or a mixture of both (mixed liquor (ML)). The ML set up received 62% PS and 38% WAS by volume. The reactors were fed with sludge from the Elmira WWTP and were operated at an SRT of 6 days. Water quality parameters such as pH, NH3, COD, SS, TKN, VFA, PO4 were monitored using standard analytical methods. It was found that adding WAS to PS increased the hydrolysis of PS solids by 19% based on VFA produced by influent Total COD. BioWin model simulations employed this data to calibrate a baseline model that described the observed VFA production. It was found that traditional anaerobic hydrolysis rate expressions could not describe all data sets consistently. In an effort to improve the universality of the hydrolysis expression, two extensions for the model were considered. The product inhibition extension considered reduced hydrolysis at high VFA concentrations. This model performed well but improved with the second extension regarding enzyme concentration. It was found that including the effect of hydrolytic enzymes in the model can improve the ability of the model to predict results and it is suggested that the follow up research expands in this area to consider more specific enzymes.

Download or read book An Operator s Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal BNR in the Activated Sludge Process written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by Chemical Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-05-19 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents - List of Tables - List of Figures - PART ONE: NITRIFICATION - Chapter 1 Introduction - Chapter 2 Nitrogenous and Phosphorous Compounds - Chapter 3 Nitrification: The Basics - Chapter 4 Nitrifying Bacteria - Chapter 5 Nitrification and Limiting Factors - Chapter 6 Promoting Nitrification - PART TWO: DENITRIFICATION - Chapter 7 Denitrification: The Basics - Chapter 8 Denitrifying Bacteria - Chapter 9 Denitrification and Limiting Factors - PART THREE: BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL - Chapter 10 Biological Phosphorus Removal: The Basics - Chapter 11 EBPR: Process Control - Abbreviations and Acronyms - Glossary - Bibliography - Biological nutrient removal (BNR), the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, is a complex process. Although the activated sludge process is an efficient technology for the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS), it provides less-than-optimal conditions for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, and presents numerous challenges to the operator trying to satisfy the many requirements for several different groups of bacteria. In addition to satisfying the requirements there are numerous, highly variable operational conditions that impact BNR. These conditions include: changes in strength and composition of the wastewater, alkalinity and pH, temperature, and presence of inhibitory and toxic wastes. Even fluctuations in flows, especially from inflow and infiltration, can adversely impact the aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions needed for successful BNR. Of the three treatment processes, nitrification, denitrification, and enhanced biological removal, nitrification is often the most difficult to achieve. Therefore, a large portion of this book reviews nitrification. Operators of the activated sludge process need to understand the basic biological, chemical, and physical requirements for BNR in order to improve the performance of these treatment processes. An Operator's Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process is intended to help operators in the monitoring, troubleshooting, and process control of BNR. Numerous tables and figures are included in the book to help the operator understand the biological and chemical reactions that are involved in BNR processes and how the reactions can be monitored for process control. Design of BNR processes is not addressed in this book. Design is addressed in numerous engineering publications. The book serves to help operators achieve permit compliance for nitrogen and phosphorus discharge limits and obtain cost-effective operation. -

Download or read book Improvement of Biological Nutrient Removal Performance for Treating Domestic Wastewater Using Supplements Acid Fermentation Products of Primary Sludge molasses Distillery Wastewater written by Sayan Meekaew and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater Sludge from Primary Sedimentation and Primary Effluent Filtration written by Stanley R. Dean and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Acid and Base Pretreatment on the Anaerobic Digestion of Excess Municipal Sludge written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The treatment and disposal of sewage sludge is a growing problem worldwide due to the continuing increase in sludge production from biological wastewater treatment plants and recent stringent regulations regarding sludge treatment and disposal. To date, the primary disposal methods for the excess sludge produced are landfilling, incineration and application in agricultural or forestland [1]. The high water content of the sludge makes incineration expensive and faces restrictions on disposal in modern landfills due to the tendency to reduce the amount of organic matter applied. Agricultural use seems to be the best options but several constraints exist due to health related problems such as odors, heavy metals content or pathogens and hazardous compounds that may be present in the sludge preventing their use in farming [2]. In this context, anaerobic sludge digestion represents a good sludge treatment alternative, decreasing the amount of solids present in the sludge with consequent reductions in disposal cost. Furthermore, we have to consider the advantage represented by energy recovery in the form of methane production that can be utilized as an energy source at the facility [3]. The present research project evaluates the combined use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for sludge chemical pretreatment to improve the performance of anaerobic digestion by extending the effectiveness of solids hydrolysis which is considered the rate-limiting step in the process [4]. The effect of temperature and the length of pre-treatment were initially evaluated to optimize the pretreatment process prior to use of any anaerobic treatment. Once the results of this experiment are analyzed, the performance of anaerobic digestion with chemical pretreatment using different combinations of primary and waste activated sludge pretreatment with either acid or base was studied. Two different SRTs for anaerobic digestion, 10 and 20 days, were investigated using duplicate reactors for each condition. Two reactors (number 1 and 6), used as control, were fed with a mixture of untreated primary and waste activated sludge in a mass ratio 1:1 with a combined VSS concentration around 30 g/l. Two reactors (number 2 and 4) were fed with a mixture of primary sludge pretreated with HCl and activated sludge pretreated with NaOH. The last two reactors (number 3 and 5) were fed with a mixture of primary sludge treated with NaOH and activated sludge treated with HCl. The same primary and waste activated sludge mass ratio as the one used to feed the control reactors were maintained in the four reactors fed with the chemically pretreated sludge. Monitored parameters were: TSS, VSS, total and soluble COD, Total Kjheldahl Nitrogen (TKN), Ammonia, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), pH, Phosphates, metals concentration, fecal coliforms concentration and gas production and composition. As expected, the results showed that 20 days SRT provided higher VSS and COD removal than 10 days SRT for all the three configurations evaluated. For both SRTs, the mixture of primary sludge treated with NaOH and activated sludge treated with HCl resulted in higher VSS and COD removal. VSS removal averaged from 37.2% in reactor 1 and 38.6% in reactor 6 for the 10 days SRT. Increasing the SRT to 20 days led to 46.6% and 44% VSS removal for reactor 1 and 6, respectively. Reactors 2 and 4 led to an overall average VSS removal of 44% for the 10 days SRT experiment which increased to around 50% in both reactors during the 20 days SRT experiment. For both SRTs, reactors 3 and 5 provided the highest average solids reduction with values around 46% for 10 days treatment and close to 53% for 20 days SRT (Chapter 7.2.1). It has to be considered that, in terms of maximum solids destruction, for the 10 days SRT experiment, a highest solids removal value of 47.8% was achieved in reactor 3 while 56.7% removal was obtained in reactor 5 when the SRT increased to 20 days. A similar trend was obtained when the COD removal has been considered. The two control reactors, 1 and 6, averaged from the 37.2% and 38.1% removal for the 10 days SRT experiment to values around 45% when the SRT was increased to 20 days. An overall average COD removal of 44.5 and 43.2% was achieved in reactors 2 and 4, respectively, for the 10 days SRT experiment and increased to around 47% in both reactors when the SRT was increased to 20 days. For both SRTs, reactors 3 and 5 provided the highest average COD removal with values around 45% for 10 days treatment experiment and close to 51% for 20 days SRT. For both retention times, all reactors exhibited good reproducibility in the replicates. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration was very low for both 10 and 20 days SRT in all reactors and weekly gas analysis exhibited a methane content of approximately 65%, meaning good overall performance of anaerobic digestion. The research proposed showed that anaerobic sludge digestion can be successfully used as sludge treatment alternative to reduce the amount of solids present in the sludge, with consequent reductions in disposal costs. Furthermore, compared with other sludge pretreatment options, the combined use of strong acid and strong base as chemical sludge pretreatment resulted in a good balance between solids reduction, process stability and cost reduction.

Download or read book Acid phase Anaerobic Digestion of Primary Sludge written by Indira J. Maharaj and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Side stream Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal S2EBPR and Denitrification written by Anand Patel and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes in wastewater treatment require readily biodegradable chemical oxygen demand (rbCOD), which is often in the form of carbon for denitrification and biological phosphorus removal (bioP), where bioP specifically prefers soluble carbon in the form of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Primary sludge fermentation has been practiced to provide additional rbCOD for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that have unfavorable influent carbon characteristics, however additional supplementation of rbCOD using an external carbon source is often needed, increasing chemical costs and the carbon footprint of the WWTP. This study reports the first pilot-scale implementation of a high-rate aerobic adsorption process (A-Stage) for capturing influent carbon as A-Stage WAS (waste activated sludge), which was then fermented to generate VFAs, enabling downstream side-stream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (S2EBPR) coupled with bio-oxidation (B-Stage) shortcut nitrogen removal.

Download or read book Anaerobic Reactors written by Carlos Augustos de Lemos Chernicharo and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic Reactors is the forth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The fundamentals of anaerobic treatment are presented in detail, including its applicability, microbiology, biochemistry and main reactor configurations. Two reactor types are analysed in more detail, namely anaerobic filters and especially UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactors. Particular attention is also devoted to the post-treatment of the effluents from the anaerobic reactors. The book presents in a clear and informative way the main concepts, working principles, expected removal efficiencies, design criteria, design examples, construction aspects and operational guidelines for anaerobic reactors. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 5: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors; Volume 6: Sludge Treatment and Disposal

Download or read book Biological Wastewater Treatment written by Mogens Henze and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 1881 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For information on the online course in Biological Wastewater Treatment from UNESCO-IHE, visit: http://www.iwapublishing.co.uk/books/biological-wastewater-treatment-online-course-principles-modeling-and-design Over the past twenty years, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment have advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a first principles approach embracing chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, and mathematics. Many of these advances have matured to the degree that they have been codified into mathematical models for simulation with computers. For a new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments can be overwhelming, particularly in developing countries where access is not readily available to advanced level tertiary education courses in wastewater treatment. Biological Wastewater Treatment addresses this deficiency. It assembles and integrates the postgraduate course material of a dozen or so professors from research groups around the world that have made significant contributions to the advances in wastewater treatment. The book forms part of an internet-based curriculum in biological wastewater treatment which also includes: Summarized lecture handouts of the topics covered in book Filmed lectures by the author professors Tutorial exercises for students self-learning Upon completion of this curriculum the modern approach of modelling and simulation to wastewater treatment plant design and operation, be it activated sludge, biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondary settling tanks or biofilm systems, can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence.

Download or read book Sludge Treatment and Disposal written by Cleverson Vitorio Andreoli and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge Treatment and Disposal is the sixth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The book covers in a clear and informative way the sludge characteristics, production, treatment (thickening, dewatering, stabilisation, pathogens removal) and disposal (land application for agricultural purposes, sanitary landfills, landfarming and other methods). Environmental and public health issues are also fully described. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 4: Anaerobic Reactors; Volume 5: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors

Download or read book Acid phase Anaerobic Digestion of Primary Sludge the Role of Hydraulic Retension Time HRT Temperature and Starch rich Industrial Wastewater written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemically Enhanced Primary Sedimentation and Acidogenic Sludge Fermentation for Improved Nutrient Removal and Resource Recovery from Municipal Wastewater written by 林琳 and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Activated Sludge written by Roy L. Belser and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Aerobic Digestion of Waste Activated Sludge from Biological Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Systems written by Michael Kidane Mebrahtu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1 ADM1 written by IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-02-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes was created with the aim to produce a generic model and common platform for dynamic simulations of a variety of anaerobic processes. This book presents the outcome of this undertaking and is the result of four years collaborative work by a number of international experts from various fields of anaerobic process technology. The purpose of this approach is to provide a unified basis for anaerobic digestion modelling. It is hoped this will promote increased application of modelling and simulation as a tool for research, design, operation and optimisation of anaerobic processes worldwide. This model was developed on the basis of the extensive but often disparate work in modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion systems over the last twenty years. In developing ADM1, the Task Group have tried to establish common nomenclature, units and model structure, consistent with existing anaerobic modelling literature and the popular activated sludge models (See Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, IWA Publishing, 2000, ISBN: 1900222248). As such, it is intended to promote widespread application of simulation from domestic (wastewater and sludge) treatment systems to specialised industrial applications. Outputs from the model include common process variables such gas flow and composition, pH, separate organic acids, and ammonium. The structure has been devised to encourage specific extensions or modifications where required, but still maintain a common platform. During development the model has been successfully tested on a range of systems from full-scale waste sludge digestion to laboratory-scale thermophilic high-rate UASB reactors. The model structure is presented in a readily applicable matrix format for implementation in many available differential equation solvers. It is expected that the model will be available as part of commercial wastewater simulation packages. ADM1 will be a valuable information source for practising engineers working in water treatment (both domestic and industrial) as well as academic researchers and students in Environmental Engineering and Science, Civil and Sanitary Engineering, Biotechnology, and Chemical and Process Engineering departments. Contents Introduction Nomenclature, State Variables and Expressions Biochemical Processes Physicochemical Processes Model Implementation in a Single Stage CSTR Suggested Biochemical Parameter Values, Sensitivity and Estimation Conclusions References Appendix A: Review of Parameters Appendix B: Supplementary Matrix Information Appendix C: Integration with the ASM Appendix D: Estimating Stoichiometric Coefficients for Fermentation Scientific & Technical Report No.13