Download or read book A Study of the Language Attitudes and Practices in the Context of Two Elite English medium Schools in Pakistan written by Kahn Ajmal and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pakistan is a multilingual state where the majority of educated people can speak three languages: English, Urdu (the national language) and a regional vernacular (Pashto in the case of this study). While the state's official policy supports the regional vernaculars in education at school level, the de facto language policy privileges English and Urdu and neglects the regional languages. English-medium schools, especially those of the elite category, are instrumental in the acquisition and prestige planning of English. This study takes a holistic view of understanding the elite schools' language-in-education (L-i-E) policy. As such, in addition to investigating how L-i-E is viewed and practised and unravelling the complex interaction between the official policy and its micro-level implementation, the study also explores the students' perceptions about L-i-E, their attitudes towards the three languages, and their domain-wise language use and shift patterns. Two elite English-medium schools in Peshawar, the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, were the cases and context of this investigation. Data were collected over a period of three months, employing ethnographic case study approach. The study adopted a mixed-methods design in which qualitative methods and data outweigh the quantitative data (i.e. QUAL + quan). The qualitative data tools included observations, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and documents review; the quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire. Findings reveal that the elite English-medium schools enjoy significant power in their L-i-E planning. At the same time, the tacit approval of the official language policy - a product of political, ideological and global forces - is also evident in the language practices and beliefs of the actors at a grassroots level. Owing to their unchallenged authority, the schools strictly adhere to an English-only assimilationist L-i-E policy. The students were found to have positive attitudes towards the status, prestige and instrumental significance of English. Whilst they viewed Urdu as a symbol of national identity and Pashto as a symbol of ethnic pride and identity, they disregarded the role of these languages in educational and professional spheres. The students also reported significant domain shrinkage vis-à-vis their mother tongue. The findings of this study confirm that the schools' L-i-E policies contribute significantly to the process of subtractive bilingualism.

Download or read book Global Perspectives on Language Education Policies written by JoAnn (Jodi) Crandall and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting research on language policy and planning, with a special focus on educational contexts in which English plays a role, this book brings readers up-to-date on the latest developments in research, theory, and practice in a rapidly changing field. The diversity of authors, research settings, and related topics offers a sample of empirical studies across multiple language teaching and university contexts. The fifth volume in the Global Research on Teaching and Learning English series, it features access to both new and previously unpublished research in chapters written by TIRF Doctoral Dissertation Grant awardees and invited chapters by respected scholars in the field.

Download or read book The Policy and Practice of English Medium of Instruction EMI in Pakistani Universities written by Humaira Irfan and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-01-23 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the perceptions of staff and students with regards to the policy and practice of English as the medium of instruction (EMI) in Pakistani universities. Findings from qualitative and quantitative data collected in two public universities are compared to identify perceptions of problems concerning English as a medium of instruction for postgraduate study. The research also examines participants’ attitudes towards the use of Pakistani English (PakE), a distinct variety of English different from other dialects such as American English and British English in its various linguistic features, in higher education settings. The findings explore the gap between the policy and practice of EMI, and expose various multi-layered and inevitable issues.

Download or read book English Language Teaching in Pakistan written by Naziha Ali Raza and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-05 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents empirical research on teaching, learning and assessment, and teacher development practices in Pakistan. Despite extensive academic research conducted in Pakistan over the last decade, there is a dearth of internationally published literature on English language teaching in the country. This book covers current research priorities and initiatives concerning English language teaching, learning and assessment, empirical developments, and major professional development initiatives, both in Pakistan and involving the work of Pakistani scholars based in abroad. It highlights the impacts that development efforts are having in the ELT world in Pakistan. The respective chapters cover a diverse range of topics, including: continuous professional development (CPD), identity construction, English language policy, curriculum development, and innovative ELT approaches and methodologies used in Pakistan. This volume provides valuable insights for TESOL and applied linguistics scholars and practitioners working in the field of ELT, both in Pakistan and elsewhere in the globalized world.

Download or read book Mapping Multilingual Ecology written by Imdad Ullah and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the multilingual context of Pakistan, the role of English in education has gained increasing attention during the last two decades against the backdrop of the rise of global extremism and the positioning of Pakistan in the so-called “War on Terror”. Research and policy documents often link better English education in the country with promoting tolerant views about the western developed countries. Students from upper social classes often have access to quality instruction in private schools as compared to the government schools. Although most private schools use “English-medium instruction” as a catchphrase to attract students, there are significant differences among these schools in terms of the actual use of English on campus and the quality of English teaching. In Pakistan, research often explores issues around English learning outcomes in terms of social constructs like socioeconomic class, gender, and ethnicity, or macro factors like language policy failure and parallel school systems in Pakistan. This study argues that, complementary to these factors, a focus on learners’ subjective experiences and their multilingual identities might be an important missing aspect of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning. Using the naturalistic ethnographic methodology, the study investigated the language perceptions of six students (age 16 to 18 years) from two private schools belonging to high-fee (Global School) and low-fee (Ummah School) categories in the northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Research tools included semi-structured interviews, classroom and general school observations, ethnographic field notes, documents and artifacts from the field, and reflexive research tools including researcher bracketing interviews and a bracketing research journal. An extended stay in the field lasted for eight months. Data coding was assisted by qualitative analysis software NVivo and was analyzed using thematic analysis. Although both private schools claim English medium instruction, findings suggest that learning EFL is influenced by complex sociocultural factors related to the way languages are perceived in the multilingual context of the learners. As compared to Ummah, Global School is locally known for quality English education and is attended by learners from affluent backgrounds. However, in spite of significant differences in terms of students’ social class, school infrastructure and quality of English instruction, both groups of learners seemed to struggle against the hierarchical perception of languages and negative attitudes towards English in social domains that restricted their functional use of the target language. Learners avoided practicing speaking English in social and domestic environments to maintain a positive face and avoid being viewed as westernized. Inside the schools, monolingual school policies and a focus on English to secure good grades were found to be misaligned with the students’ EFL goals of using English for authentic communication in daily interaction and in online social media platforms. Findings also suggest that learners’ investment in English learning was based on instrumental goals (for example, higher education and career abroad) and integrative goals (outward social mobility and gaining access to imagined communities in the western developed world). Conflictual elements in socio-domestic and academic environments were found to be implicated in learners forming subordinate identities as learners and speakers of English. These aspects can have a negative influence on learners’ EFL learning outcomes.

Download or read book Investigating Students Experiences of Learning English as a Second Language at the University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan written by Irfan Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent emphasis on the importance of English language teaching and learning in public universities in Pakistan has resulted in the introduction of a new English as Second Language (ESL) programme including revised teaching approaches, content and assessment. However, to date, no rigorous and independent evaluation of this new programme has been undertaken particularly with respect to students' learning and experiences. This thesis seeks to address this gap by examining the effects of the new ESL programme on students' learning experiences, as well as teachers' perspectives and the broader institutional context. The study uses a qualitative case study approach basing its findings on the responses of purposively sampled students (n=17) and teachers (n=7) from the Institution of English Literature and Linguistics (IELL), University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan (UoSJP). Semistructured interviews, observations and document review were used as the main tools to collect a wide variety of data. The analysis of the data was informed by different theories including Symbolic Interactionism, Community of Practice, and Bourdieusian notions of habitus, field and capital. These theories offered an approach which bridges the structure and agency divide in understanding students' learning experiences. The study employed the concepts of institutional influences to examine the impact of UoSJP's policies and practices on the teaching and learning of the ESL programme. The concept of community, which is understood as the community of the ESL classroom, is used to examine the interactions of students-students and students-teachers. The notion of identity was used to examine the interaction of students' gender, rurality, ethnicity and previous learning experiences with different aspects of the ESL programme. In relation to institutional influences, the study found that UoSJP's institutional policies and practices are shaped by its position in the field of higher education, and in turn, these influences shape teaching and learning in the ESL programme. Specifically, UoSJP defines its capital as higher education for all, which in practice translates as admitting students who have been rejected by other universities and/or cannot afford private universities' high fees. In order to meet the language needs of disadvantaged students from non-elite English and vernacular medium schools, UoSJP offers the ESL programme. This initiative aims to improve students' English language skills in their first two years, and to fulfil requirements set by the Higher Education Commission (HEC). However, the university's treatment of the ESL programme significantly impacts on teaching and learning in terms of its policies and practices, in relation to faculty hiring, teacher training, relationship between the administration and ESL teachers, number of students in ESL classrooms, assessment criteria, ESL quality assurance, and learning support resources like up-to-date libraries. In relation to the community of ESL classroom, the study found that participation plays an important part in defining students' roles and their relationship with teachers and peers in the classroom. Teachers' pedagogic strategies and large classes were found to be influential factors affecting students' participation in the classroom. It was found that teachers use different pedagogic strategies, which define them as facilitators or knowledge transmitters accordingly. The facilitators allow students' full participation in the classroom by listening to their opinions, respecting their arguments, appreciating their feedback, acknowledging their contributions to the class, and demonstrating empathy to their problems. When in class with these teachers, students feel encouraged, confident and motivated to participate in the classroom. By contrast, the knowledge transmitters prefer monologue lectures when teaching ESL, and strongly discourage students' participation. Students are usually not allowed to ask questions or express their concerns to these teachers. In their presence, students revealed that they lacked confidence, and felt discouraged and demotivated from participating in the classroom. Moreover, in the context of large classes only students sitting on the front-benches are given opportunities of participation, while those at the back of the classroom are considered to be educationally weak, inactive, therefore ignored in interactive activities. The treatment of these students by teachers and students at the front of the class alike limits their participation in the classroom. In relation to identities, the study found that students frequently foreground their gender identities, rural-ethnic identities and identities as medical or engineering students in interaction with different aspects of the ESL programme. Some aspects of ESL textbooks including units which depict stereotypical gender roles conflict with female students' gender identities; units which are based on exclusively Western, urban contexts conflict with students' rural-ethnic identities, and units that are based on graph-comprehension conflict with students' identities as medical students. While others aspects of ESL textbooks particularly those units that are constructed on experiences and activities which are exclusively associated with men in Pakistan such as driving complement female students' gender identities; and those units which are set in a village, and focus on the culture and life of villages complement students rural-ethnic identities. Moreover, it was found that female students struggled in maintaining their role as ESL learners in comparison with their gender roles as sister and daughter. This thesis provides new insights into students' learning experiences and ESL in higher education. It also contributes to and enhances the literature on higher education in Pakistan. Furthermore, it enables policy-makers to reflect upon their policies, as well as provides suggestions to the UoSJP and its teachers.

Download or read book Identity Place and Legitimate Language written by Eileen Sorcha Áine Coughlan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Learning and Teaching of English in Pakistan written by Ayesha Bashiruddin and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, I have looked at learning and teaching of English in Pakistan through the narratives of two teachers of English. Both these teachers Fatima and Khulood (pseudonyms) are experienced secondary school teachers teaching English in two diverse: Fatima was developing her teaching in a private English-medium school and Khulood in a government Urdu-medium school. The study portrays and discusses Fatima's and Khulood's current teaching practices through four teaching lessons and also takes a broader perspective on the development of their classroom practices over their careers. This study used narrative inquiry which tries to understand teachers own understanding, representing their experiences, as they themselves understand them. Through the two teachers' narratives, the study provides an in-depth analysis of the way English is learned and taught both as a second and a foreign language in Pakistan. From the analysis of Fatima's and Khulood's development of classroom practices two main themes emerged: (a) Permanence and Transformation, and (b) Transformation and Permanence. The study demonstrates how teacher development is both a biographical and an experiential process.

Download or read book A Statistical Survey to Determine the Language Attitudes of Teachers in the Context of Their Teaching of English in I L EA Secondary Schools written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study on L2 Teachers beliefs about L1 in Pakistan written by Amina Khalid and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-03-04 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forschungsarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachforschung (fachübergreifend), , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The purpose of the study is to find strategies used by teachers, to teach L2, to school level and university level students. The Data is collected from 50 teachers of different schools and universities of Lahore, Pakistan. The procedure for analysis is Hermeneutical Analysis. The study reveals that teachers use strategies according to the needs of students. Most of the Students came from different backgrounds and cultures, so they had no knowledge of L2, so, it was better to teach them difficult concepts in their native language. This study would make some contribution for teachers to know about strategies to teach students.

Download or read book A Statistical Survey to Determine the Language Attitudes of Teachers in the Context of Their Teaching of English in I L E A Secondary Schools written by Richard Dutton Webber and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Attitudes of Teachers and Students about Using Their Mother Tongue in Learning English written by Mohammad AbuHmaid and published by . This book was released on 2014-11-26 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholarly Research paper from the year 2014 in the subject English - Pedagogy, Didactics, Literature Studies, grade: 12, course: EFL, language: English, abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of the students' as well as the teachers' use of their mother tongue (henceforth L1) in learning English as a foreign language (henceforth EFL) classrooms amongst the students of The Schools of the Islamic Educational College. The use of the students' mother tongue in learning English as a foreign language has been controversial for a long time. There have been various opinions about the utilizing of L1 in EFL classrooms. Recently, it has been noticed that some teachers tend to use so much of their mother tongue (Arabic) in EFL classrooms which has been reflected to the students' tendency towards accepting this trend within an EFL classrooms. An attempt has been made to review the students' as well as the teachers' perspectives regarding this issue. A questionnaire has been distributed amongst the students to highlight the different opinions and reactions about the use of Arabic in their EFL lessons. In addition, teachers of the seventh and tenth grades and some students have been interviewed for the same purpose. The results showed that there are positive students' attitudes towards using Arabic in EFL classes. The students in the study preferred the use of Arabic for various situations and reasons. The target teachers show rigidity about the use of Arabic although they admit that a rare use of Arabic might exist in their classes under certain circumstances. Recommendations as well as some future solutions are discussed.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Language and Education written by Ruth Wodak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-05-31 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers basic fields of Sociolinguistics and the Sociology of Language; both macro- and micro-domains are presented in the fields of language teaching, minority languages, and problems of language acquisition as well as practical issues of curricula planning and textbook writing. This book addresses students and scholars in the social sciences as well as public officials in education, language teachers and textbook writers.

Download or read book English Listening And Speaking Proficiency Of Medical Learners In Pakistan written by Mahwish Mumtaz Niazi and published by . This book was released on 2015-12-10 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Study from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, language: English, abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the existing proficiency of medical learners in English listening and speaking skills. The purpose of the study is to recommend a course of English language in response to the linguistic inadequacy of the medical learners studying in the medical colleges of Pakistan. The perceptions of students of medicine, teachers of medicine, medical trainees and medical administrators were gathered. The data were analyzed quantitatively by means of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results indicate that existing proficiency of medical learners in English listening and speaking skills was not up to the mark. This situation calls for appropriate attention for the implementation of a course of English based on English speaking and listening contents in the medical colleges of Pakistan therefore, the standard of medical education can be elevated both at national and international levels.

Download or read book English Medium Instruction written by Ernesto Macaro, and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ernesto Macaro brings together a wealth of research on the rapidly expanding phenomenon of English Medium Instruction. Against a backdrop of theory, policy documents, and examples of practice, he weaves together research in both secondary and tertiary education, with a particular focus on the key stakeholders involved in EMI: the teachers and the students. Whilst acknowledging that the momentum of EMI is unlikely to be diminished, and identifying its potential benefits, the author raises questions about the ways it has been introduced and developed, and explores how we can arrive at a true cost–benefit analysis of its future impact. “This state-of-the-art monograph presents a wide-ranging, multi-perspectival yet coherent overview of research, policy, and practice of English Medium Instruction around the globe. It gives a thorough, in-depth, and thought-provoking treatment of an educational phenomenon that is spreading on an unprecedented scale.” Guangwei Hu, National Institute of Education, Singapore Additional online resources are available at www.oup.com/elt/teacher/emi Ernesto Macaro is Professor of Applied Linguistics at the University of Oxford and is the founding Director of the Centre for Research and Development on English Medium Instruction at the university. Oxford Applied Linguistics Series Advisers: Anne Burns and Diane Larsen-Freeman

Download or read book Communicating with Asia written by Gerhard Leitner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-11 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's global world, where Asia is an increasing area of focus, it is vital to explore what it means to 'understand' Asian cultures through English and other languages. This volume presents new research on English in Asia, alongside Mandarin, Cantonese, Hindi-Urdu, Malay, Russian and other languages.

Download or read book Media Practices Language Attitudes and Sociophonetic Variation in Pakistani English written by Arshad Ali and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: