Download or read book A Structural Analysis of Neighborhood and School Effects on Immigrant Children s Academic Performance written by Peijia Zha and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigrant children are influenced by a variety of contexts, including their family, peer groups, neighborhood, and institutions such as school and the workplace. To gauge how immigrant children fare in education, it is extremely important to understand whether, and how, these contexts affect their academic performance. This dissertation's theoretical framework is heavily grounded in theories dealing with the impact of neighborhood and school on children's academic performance. Analyzing nationally representative data from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), this study investigates whether, and how, two of these contexts--neighborhood and school characteristics--influence non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Asian immigrant students' academic performance. Comparison analysis, hierarchical linear modeling, and fixed-effect modeling are used to test six hypotheses. The comparison analysis found that, generally speaking, neighborhood and school conditions are better for non-immigrant than for immigrant students. Specifically, neighborhood and school conditions are better for Asian immigrants than for Hispanic immigrants, and significantly better for immigrant non-Hispanic Whites than for immigrant non-Hispanic Blacks. Multilevel regression analysis found that both neighborhood and school characteristics affect immigrant students' GPA, while neighborhood-school involvement characteristics do not (neither do they affect non-immigrant students' GPA). Neighborhood SES and neighborhood immigrant composition affect immigrant students' GPA. Furthermore, the results show that school socioeconomic status (SES), school climate, and school location affect immigrant students' GPA. Large class size and school type are associated with non-immigrant students' GPA. The results of the study imply that both neighborhood and school characteristics influence academic performance of immigrant students more than that of non-immigrant students. Compared to the neighborhood, the school, as an institutional resource, plays a crucial role in immigrant students' academic performance and their assimilation processes.
Download or read book Black American Students in An Affluent Suburb written by John U. Ogbu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-02-26 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Ogbu has studied minority education from a comparative perspective for over 30 years. The study reported in this book--jointly sponsored by the community and the school district in Shaker Heights, Ohio--focuses on the academic performance of Black American students. Not only do these students perform less well than White students at every social class level, but also less well than immigrant minority students, including Black immigrant students. Furthermore, both middle-class Black students in suburban school districts, as well as poor Black students in inner-city schools are not doing well. Ogbu's analysis draws on data from observations, formal and informal interviews, and statistical and other data. He offers strong empirical evidence to support the cross-class existence of the problem. The book is organized in four parts: *Part I provides a description of the twin problems the study addresses--the gap between Black and White students in school performance and the low academic engagement of Black students; a review of conventional explanations; an alternative perspective; and the framework for the study. *Part II is an analysis of societal and school factors contributing to the problem, including race relations, Pygmalion or internalized White beliefs and expectations, levelling or tracking, the roles of teachers, counselors, and discipline. *Community factors--the focus of this study--are discussed in Part III. These include the educational impact of opportunity structure, collective identity, cultural and language or dialect frame of reference in schooling, peer pressures, and the role of the family. This research focus does not mean exonerating the system and blaming minorities, nor does it mean neglecting school and society factors. Rather, Ogbu argues, the role of community forces should be incorporated into the discussion of the academic achievement gap by researchers, theoreticians, policymakers, educators, and minorities themselves who genuinely want to improve the academic achievement of African American children and other minorities. *In Part IV, Ogbu presents a summary of the study's findings on community forces and offers recommendations--some of which are for the school system and some for the Black community. Black American Students in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement is an important book for a wide range of researchers, professionals, and students, particularly in the areas of Black education, minority education, comparative and international education, sociology of education, educational anthropology, educational policy, teacher education, and applied anthropology.
Download or read book Achieving Anew written by Michael J. White and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2009-04-09 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can the recent influx of immigrants successfully enter the mainstream of American life, or will many of them fail to thrive and become part of a permanent underclass? Achieving Anew examines immigrant life in school, at work, and in communities and demonstrates that recent immigrants and their children do make substantial progress over time, both within and between generations. From policymakers to private citizens, our national conversation on immigration has consistently questioned the country's ability to absorb increasing numbers of foreign nationals—now nearly one million legal entrants per year. Using census data, longitudinal education surveys, and other data, Michael White and Jennifer Glick place their study of new immigrant achievement within a context of recent developments in assimilation theory and policies regulating who gets in and what happens to them upon arrival. They find that immigrant status itself is not an important predictor of educational achievement. First-generation immigrants arrive in the United States with less education than native-born Americans, but by the second and third generation, the children of immigrants are just as successful in school as native-born students with equivalent social and economic background. As with prior studies, the effects of socioeconomic background and family structure show through strongly. On education attainment, race and ethnicity have a strong impact on achievement initially, but less over time. Looking at the labor force, White and Glick find no evidence to confirm the often-voiced worry that recent immigrants and their children are falling behind earlier arrivals. On the contrary, immigrants of more recent vintage tend to catch up to the occupational status of natives more quickly than in the past. Family background, educational preparation, and race/ethnicity all play a role in labor market success, just as they do for the native born, but the offspring of immigrants suffer no disadvantage due to their immigrant origins. New immigrants continue to live in segregated neighborhoods, though with less prevalence than native black-white segregation. Immigrants who arrived in the 1960s are now much less segregated than recent arrivals. Indeed, the authors find that residential segregation declines both within and across generations. Yet black and Mexican immigrants are more segregated from whites than other groups, showing that race and economic status still remain powerful influences on where immigrants live. Although the picture is mixed and the continuing significance of racial factors remains a concern, Achieving Anew provides compelling reassurance that the recent wave of immigrants is making impressive progress in joining the American mainstream. The process of assimilation is not broken, the advent of a new underclass is not imminent, and the efforts to argue for the restriction of immigration based on these fears are largely mistaken.
Download or read book When Zip Codes Matter The Role of Neighborhood Dynamics in the Academic Achievement of Immigrant Students written by Pooja P Vora and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residential segregation has been an ongoing policy challenge since the end of slavery and the emancipation of Black Americans. After the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, this nation saw a dramatic shift in its ethnic composition. The shift has prompted many scholars to explore how immigrants' residential pattern fits into the broader landscape of Black-White segregation. To study whether increasing foreign-born populations in segregated areas exhibit long-term effects on immigrant students' academic achievement, I conduct several empirical analyses relying on a multitude of datasets covering up to 33,558 census tracts in the period between 2000 and 2015. My main findings indicate a negative correlation between the average percentage of English learners who score proficient on state assessments and a share of foreign-born population. I also find a positive relationship between neighborhoods with a greater foreign population and increased school funding. This research highlights that enhanced school funding cannot compensate for the role that neighborhoods and schools play in student performance. A broader policy implication of my results point to the need for increased efforts to combat and dismantle housing discrimination together with school desegregation to achieve racially and socioeconomically integrated schools for student success.
Download or read book Immigrant Stories written by Cynthia Garcia Coll and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-03 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigrant Stories portrays the contexts and academic trajectories of development of three unique immigrant groups: Cambodian, Dominican and Portuguese. The children of immigrant families - or second generation youth - are the fastest growing population of school children in the US. However, very little is known about these children's academic and psychological development during middle childhood. We examine the previously under-explored intricacies of children's emerging cultural attitudes and identities, academic engagement, and academic achievement. These processes are studied alongside a myriad of factors in the family and school environment that combine to shape children's academic psychological functioning during this important period. Through a three-year longitudinal study, including interviews with teachers, parents and children, this book presents a fascinating look at the community, school, and family contexts of child development among second-generation children. Both pre-immigration and post-immigration characteristics are explored as critical factors for understanding children of immigrants' development. In the current climate of US immigration policy debate, we offer research findings that may inform educators and administrators about the sources of community strengths and challenges facing our newest immigrant generations.
Download or read book The Power of Resistance written by Rowhea M. Elmesky and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is guided through the powerful ideological frameworks of culture and social reproduction and looks specifically to the role of schooling as a vehicle for catalysing change.
Download or read book The Way Class Works written by Lois Weis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-09-10 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1980s, the relationship between social class and education has been overshadowed by scholarship more generally targeting issues of race, gender, and representation. Today, with the global economy deeply immersed in social inequalities, there is pressing need for serious class-based analyses of schooling, family life and social structure. The Way Class Works is a collection of twenty-four groundbreaking essays on the material conditions of social class and the ways in which class is produced "on the ground" in educational institutions and families. Written by the most visible and important scholars in education and the social sciences, these timely essays explore the production of class in and through the economy, family, and school, while simultaneously interrogating and challenging our understandings of social class as linked to race, gender, and nation. With essays by distinguished scholars and questions for further reflection and discussion, The Way Class Works will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars in education, sociology, and beyond.
Download or read book Children Schools And Inequality written by Doris R Entwisle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Educational sociologists have paid relatively little attention to children in middle childhood (ages 6 to 12), whereas developmental psychologists have emphasized factors internal to the child much more than the social contexts in explaining children's development. Children, Schools, and Inequality redresses that imbalance. It examines elementary school outcomes (e.g., test scores, grades, retention rates) in light of the socioeconomic variation in schools and neighborhoods, the organizational patterns across elementary schools, and the ways in which family structure intersects with children's school performance. Adding data from the Baltimore Beginning School Study to information culled from the fields of sociology, child development, and education, this book suggests why the gap between the school achievement of poor children and those who are better off has been so difficult to close. Doris Enwistle, Karl Alexander, and Linda Olson show why the first-grade transition?how children negotiate entry into full-time schooling?is a crucial period. They also show that events over that time have repercussions that echo throughout children's entire school careers. Currently the only study of this life transition to cover a comprehensive sample and to suggest straightforward remedies for urban schools, Children, Schools, and Inequality can inform educators, practitioners, and policymakers, as well as researchers in the sociology of education and child development.
Download or read book Children of Immigrants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-12 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigrant children and youth are the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population, and so their prospects bear heavily on the well-being of the country. Children of Immigrants represents some of the very best and most extensive research efforts to date on the circumstances, health, and development of children in immigrant families and the delivery of health and social services to these children and their families. This book presents new, detailed analyses of more than a dozen existing datasets that constitute a large share of the national system for monitoring the health and well-being of the U.S. population. Prior to these new analyses, few of these datasets had been used to assess the circumstances of children in immigrant families. The analyses enormously expand the available knowledge about the physical and mental health status and risk behaviors, educational experiences and outcomes, and socioeconomic and demographic circumstances of first- and second-generation immigrant children, compared with children with U.S.-born parents.
Download or read book Neighborhood Contexts and Academic Achievement written by Suzanne E. Macartney and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Asian Education written by Yong Zhao and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-11-30 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and authoritative, this Handbook provides a nuanced description and analysis of educational systems, practices, and policies in Asian countries and explains and interprets these practices from cultural, social, historical, and economic perspectives. Using a culture-based framework, the volume is organized in five sections, each devoted to educational practices in one civilization in Asia: Sinic, Japanese, Islamic, Buddhist, and Hindu. Culture and culture identities essentially are civilization identities; the major differences among civilizations are rooted in their different cultures. This framework offers a novel approach to capturing the essence of the diverse educational systems and practices in Asia. Uniquely combining description and interpretation of educational practices in Asia, this Handbook is a must-have resource for education researchers and graduate students in international and comparative education, globalization and education, multicultural education, sociocultural foundations of education, and Asian studies, and for educational administrators and education policy makers.
Download or read book Handbook on Positive Development of Minority Children and Youth written by Natasha J. Cabrera and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook presents current research on children and youth in ethnic minority families. It reflects the development currently taking place in the field of social sciences research to highlight the positive adaptation of minority children and youth. It offers a succinct synthesis of where the field is and where it needs to go. It brings together an international group of leading researchers, and, in view of globalization and increased migration and immigration, it addresses what aspects of children and youth growing in ethnic minority families are universal across contexts and what aspects are more context-specific. The Handbook examines the individual, family, peers, and neighborhood/policy factors that protect children and promote positive adaptation. It examines the factors that support children’s social integration, psychosocial adaptation, and external functioning. Finally, it looks at the mechanisms that explain why social adaptation occurs.
Download or read book Realizing the Potential of Immigrant Youth written by Ann S. Masten and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-21 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The well-being and productivity of immigrant youth has become one of the most important global issues of our times as a result of mass migration and resettlement. In this unique volume, leading scholars from multiple nations and disciplines provide a state-of-the-art overview of contemporary research on immigrant youth and delineate the most promising future directions for research on their success, suggesting implications for policy and interventions that will benefit host societies as well as immigrant youth. The contributors to Realizing the Potential of Immigrant Youth include many of the leading international experts on migration, acculturation, intergroup issues and immigrant youth development, with contributions from the fields of child development, demography, economics, education, immigrant mental health, social psychology and sociology.
Download or read book From Generation to Generation written by National Research Council and Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-10-10 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigrant children and youth are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population, and so their prospects bear heavily on the well-being of the country. However, relevant public policy is shaped less by informed discussion than by politicized contention over welfare reform and immigration limits. From Generation to Generation explores what we know about the development of white, black, Hispanic, and Asian children and youth from numerous countries of origin. Describing the status of immigrant children and youth as "severely understudied," the committee both draws on and supplements existing research to characterize the current status and outlook of immigrant children. The book discusses the many factorsâ€"family size, fluency in English, parent employment, acculturation, delivery of health and social services, and public policiesâ€"that shape the outlook for the lives of these children and youth. The committee makes recommendations for improved research and data collection designed to advance knowledge about these children and, as a result, their visibility in current policy debates.
Download or read book Neighborhood Effects on Child Maltreatment Among Immigrant Families written by Jisuk Seon and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child maltreatment is a significant public health concern. Previous research on factors that influence child maltreatment has focused largely on child and familial characteristics. Emerging research on the etiology of child maltreatment has been examining the way in which neighborhood affects child maltreatment, such as neighborhood structural characteristics and neighborhood social processes. One of the major gaps in the research on the impact of neighborhood on child abuse and neglect is the examination of immigrant families. Following social disorganization theory, this study explored the relationships between neighborhood structural characteristics, neighborhood social processes, and child maltreatment among immigrant families. This study used the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study Wave 1 and Wave 4, and examined a total of 372 foreign-born mothers and their children living in 325 neighborhoods in 20 large U.S. cities.A multilevel structural equation model demonstrated that foreign-born mothers living in neighborhoods with higher levels of negative structural characteristics reported higher levels of physical assault, higher psychological aggression, and higher neglect. Conversely, foreign-born mothers having higher levels of positive social processes reported lower levels of physical assault, lower psychological aggression, and lower neglect. However, neighborhood social processes mediated the relationships between neighborhood structural characteristics and physical assault and psychological aggression among immigrant families, respectively. These results highlight the positive role of neighborhood social processes in reducing child maltreatment among immigrant families, even in disadvantaged neighborhoods. They also suggest that ecological multitier social work interventions that consider immigrants' cultural contexts may deserve attention as possibly effective in reducing maltreatment of children in immigrant families.
Download or read book How Immigrants Fare in U S Education written by Georges Vernez and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive analysis of the performance of immigrant children and youths in U.S. schools.
Download or read book Immigrant Student Achievement and Education Policy written by Louis Volante and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines immigrant student achievement and education policy across a range of Western nations. It is divided into 3 sections: Part 1 introduces the topic of immigrant student achievement and the performance disadvantage that is consistently reported across a range of international jurisdictions. Part 2 then presents national profiles from scholars in ten countries (England, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Finland, Netherlands, Republic of Ireland, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand). These educational jurisdictions were selected because they represent a range of Western nations engaged in large-scale reform efforts geared towards enhancing their immigrant students’ achievement. Each of the national profiles provides a brief overview of the evolution of the cultural composition of their respective school-aged student population; explains the trajectory of achievement results in non-immigrant and immigrant student groups in relation to both national and international large-scale assessment measures; and discusses the effectiveness of policy responses that have been adopted to close the achievement gap between non-immigrant and immigrant student populations. It also examines the relationships between education policies and immigrant student achievement and discusses how education policies have evolved across various cultural contexts. In conclusion, Part 3 analyzes cross-cultural approaches designed to address the performance disadvantage of immigrant students and proposes future areas of inquiry stemming from the national profiles. The book offers insights into a diverse cross-section of nations and policy approaches to addressing the performance disadvantage.
