Download or read book A History of Light and Colour Measurement written by Sean F. Johnston and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2003 Paul Bunge Prize of the Hans R. Jenemann Foundation for the History of Scientific Instruments Judging the brightness and color of light has long been contentious. Alternately described as impossible and routine, it was beset by problems both technical and social. How trustworthy could such measurements be? Was the best standard of inten
Download or read book Books on Colour 1495 2015 History and Bibliography written by Roy Osborne and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated to 2020, BOOKS ON COLOUR 1495-2015 offers quick and easy reference to 2,500 authors and editors and over 3,000 titles published by them. Following a concise historical survey of colour literature, authors are listed in an A-Z directory, together with titles, dates and places of publication, and translations for non-English titles. Biographical references are included where known. Chronological indexes of authors precede the bibliographical listing and alphabetical indexes of authors follow it. Publications are categorised under 27 general headings: Architecture, Chemistry, Classification, Colorants, Computing & Television, Decoration, Design, Dress & Cosmetics, Dyeing, Flora & Fauna, Food, Glass, History, Lighting, Metrology, Music, Optics, Painting, Perception, Philosophy, Photography & Cinema, Printing, Psychology, Symbolism, Terminology, Therapy, and Vision.
Download or read book The Victorian Eye written by Chris Otter and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-11-15 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the nineteenth century, Britain became the first gaslit society, with electric lighting arriving in 1878. At the same time, the British government significantly expanded its power to observe and monitor its subjects. How did such enormous changes in the way people saw and were seen affect Victorian culture? To answer that question, Chris Otter mounts an ambitious history of illumination and vision in Britain, drawing on extensive research into everything from the science of perception and lighting technologies to urban design and government administration. He explores how light facilitated such practices as safe transportation and private reading, as well as institutional efforts to collect knowledge. And he contends that, contrary to presumptions that illumination helped create a society controlled by intrusive surveillance, the new radiance often led to greater personal freedom and was integral to the development of modern liberal society. The Victorian Eye’s innovative interdisciplinary approach—and generous illustrations—will captivate a range of readers interested in the history of modern Britain, visual culture, technology, and urbanization.
Download or read book A History of Light and Colour Measurement written by Sean F. Johnston and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-09-30 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2003 Paul Bunge Prize of the Hans R. Jenemann Foundation for the History of Scientific Instruments Judging the brightness and color of light has long been contentious. Alternately described as impossible and routine, it was beset by problems both technical and social. How trustworthy could such measurements be? Was the best standard of intensity a gas lamp, an incandescent bulb, or a glowing pool of molten metal? And how much did the answers depend on the background of the specialist? A History of Light and Colour Measurement: Science in the Shadows is a history of the hidden workings of physical science-a technical endeavor embedded in a social context. It argues that this "undisciplined" subject, straddling academia, commerce, and regulation, may be typical not only of 20th century science, but of its future. Attracting scientists, engineers, industrialists, and artists, the developing subject produced a new breed of practitioners having mixed provenance. The new measurers of light had to decide the shape not only of their specialism but of their careers: were they to be a part of physics, engineering, or psychology? The physical scientists who dominated the subject into the early 20th century made their central aim the replacement of the problematic human eye with physical detectors of light. For psychologists between the wars, though, describing the complexity of color was more important than quantifying a handful of its dimensions. And after WWII, military designers shaped the subject of radiometry and subsumed photometry and colorimetry within it. Never attaining a professional cachet, these various specialists moved fluidly between science and technology; through government, industry, and administration.
Download or read book A History of Optics from Greek Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century written by Olivier Darrigol and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-01-26 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a long-term history of optics, from early Greek theories of vision to the nineteenth-century victory of the wave theory of light. It shows how light gradually became the central entity of a domain of physics that no longer referred to the functioning of the eye; it retraces the subsequent competition between medium-based and corpuscular concepts of light; and it details the nineteenth-century flourishing of mechanical ether theories. The author critically exploits and sometimes completes the more specialized histories that have flourished in the past few years. The resulting synthesis brings out the actors' long-term memory, their dependence on broad cultural shifts, and the evolution of disciplinary divisions and connections. Conceptual precision, textual concision, and abundant illustration make the book accessible to a broad variety of readers interested in the origins of modern optics.
Download or read book Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers written by Jan W. Gooch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference, in its second edition, contains more than 7,500 polymeric material terms, including the names of chemicals, processes, formulae, and analytical methods that are used frequently in the polymer and engineering fields. In view of the evolving partnership between physical and life sciences, this title includes an appendix of biochemical and microbiological terms (thus offering previously unpublished material, distinct from all competitors.) Each succinct entry offers a broadly accessible definition as well as cross-references to related terms. Where appropriate to enhance clarity further, the volume's definitions may also offer equations, chemical structures, and other figures. The new interactive software facilitates easy access to a large database of chemical structures (2D/3D-view), audio files for pronunciation, polymer science equations and many more.
Download or read book Sandbows and Black Lights written by Stephen R. Wilk and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the almost twenty years since I began writing my essays on strange and quirky optics I have been through several employers, but in all that time I have stayed a contributing editor for the Optical Society of America. No matter where I was during the day, I always worked on producing these nuggets of infotainment with some regularity. I have always had a backlog of tentative pieces to write, but new topics arose just as rapidly, so I have never been at a loss with a new piece. The newsletter of MIT's Spectroscopy Lab has, in that time, disappeared, so the essays in this volume are either ones that originally appeared in Optics and Photonics News, or else have not previously been published in any magazine. As I stated in the introduction to How the Ray Gun Got Its Zap!, my goal was to produce quirky, interesting, and somewhat humorous essays that had a slyly pedagogical edge. "Education by stealth," as the BBC said. In reality, I often start off writing one of these to satisfy myself about some minor mystery of optical science or engineering"--
Download or read book Einstein s Generation written by Richard Staley and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Einstein's Generation' offers a new approach to the origins of modern physics by exploring both the material culture that stimulated relativity and the reaction of Einstein's colleagues to his pioneering work.
Download or read book The Science of Color written by Optical Society of America. Committee on Colorimetry and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Republic of Color written by Michael Rossi and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Republic of Color delves deep into the history of color science in the United States to unearth its origins and examine the scope of its influence on the industrial transformation of turn-of-the-century America. For a nation in the grip of profound economic, cultural, and demographic crises, the standardization of color became a means of social reform—a way of sculpting the American population into one more amenable to the needs of the emerging industrial order. Delineating color was also a way to characterize the vagaries of human nature, and to create ideal structures through which those humans would act in a newly modern American republic. Michael Rossi’s compelling history goes far beyond the culture of the visual to show readers how the control and regulation of color shaped the social contours of modern America—and redefined the way we see the world.
Download or read book The Age of Edison written by Ernest Freeberg and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sweeping history of the electric light revolution and the birth of modern America The late nineteenth century was a period of explosive technological creativity, but more than any other invention, Thomas Edison’s incandescent light bulb marked the arrival of modernity, transforming its inventor into a mythic figure and avatar of an era. In The Age of Edison, award-winning author and historian Ernest Freeberg weaves a narrative that reaches from Coney Island and Broadway to the tiniest towns of rural America, tracing the progress of electric light through the reactions of everyone who saw it and capturing the wonder Edison’s invention inspired. It is a quintessentially American story of ingenuity, ambition, and possibility in which the greater forces of progress and change are made by one of our most humble and ubiquitous objects.
Download or read book A Rainbow Palate written by Carolyn Cobbold and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2020-09-22 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a world saturated by chemicals—our food, our clothes, and even our bodies play host to hundreds of synthetic chemicals that did not exist before the nineteenth century. By the 1900s, a wave of bright coal tar dyes had begun to transform the Western world. Originally intended for textiles, the new dyes soon permeated daily life in unexpected ways, and by the time the risks and uncertainties surrounding the synthesized chemicals began to surface, they were being used in everything from clothes and home furnishings to cookware and food. In A Rainbow Palate, Carolyn Cobbold explores how the widespread use of new chemical substances influenced perceptions and understanding of food, science, and technology, as well as trust in science and scientists. Because the new dyes were among the earliest contested chemical additives in food, the battles over their use offer striking insights and parallels into today’s international struggles surrounding chemical, food, and trade regulation.
Download or read book Colour Measurement written by M. L. Gulrajani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-08-31 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The measurement of colour is important in many commercial operations and professions, such as bleaching and colouration of textiles, applications of paints, dentistry and colouration of food products. This book will discuss colour measurement theories, the latest technological and scientific developments of measuring colour and the applications of colour measurement.Part one reviews the underlying theories, principles and methods of how to measure colour. It includes topics such as expressing colours numerically, camera based colour measurement, colour shade sorting and determining and improving the accuracy of colour measurement. Part two presents a selection of industrial applications illustrating the use of colour measurement in textiles, paint, teeth, hair and food.With its international range of contributors, Colour measurement: Principles, advances and industrial applications is beneficial to a variety of readers such as colour technologists, colour quality inspectors, product developers, dentists, cosmetologists and anyone who uses colour in their work. It will also be a valuable reference for academics and students studying design, fashion or colour related subjects. - Discusses colour measurement theories and the latest technological and scientific developments of measuring colour - Case studies illustrate camera based colour measurement and review visual and instrumental evaluation of whiteness and yellowness applications in industries including cosmetics and dentistry - Motivations for colour measurement are explored to answer questions raised as to why colours do not match and explain factors such as wet and dry fabric differences
Download or read book Optical Radiometry for Ocean Climate Measurements written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state-of-the-art of optical remote sensing applied for the generation of marine climate-quality data products, with contributions by international experts in the field. The chapters are logically grouped into six thematic parts, each introduced by a brief overview. The different parts include: i. requirements for the generation of climate data records from satellite ocean measurements and additionally basic radiometry principles addressing terminology, standards, measurement equation and uncertainties; ii. satellite visible and thermal infrared radiometry embracing instrument design, characterization and, pre- and post-launch calibration; iii. in situ visible and thermal infrared radiometry including overviews on basic principles, technology and measurements methods required to support satellite missions devoted to climate change investigations; iv. simulations as fundamental tools to support interpretation and analysis of both in situ and satellite radiometric measurements; v. strategies for in situ radiometry to satisfy mission requirements for the generation of climate data records; and finally, vi. methods for the assessment of satellite data products. Fundamentals of measurement theory are taken through to implementation of practical ground based radiometers and their application to validate satellite data used to generate climate data records. This book presents practical solutions for those involved or contemplating the validation of optical climate measurements from satellite instruments. - Exhaustive coverage of important topics - Fundamental and advanced discussions of many types of instruments - Emphasis on calibration and uncertainty analysis of results
Download or read book Color in the Age of Impressionism written by Laura Anne Kalba and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyzes the impact of color-making technologies on the visual culture of nineteenth-century France, from the early commercialization of synthetic dyes to the Lumière brothers’ perfection of the autochrome color photography process. Focusing on Impressionist art, Laura Anne Kalba examines the importance of dyes produced in the second half of the nineteenth century to the vision of artists such as Edgar Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Claude Monet. The proliferation of vibrant new colors in France during this time challenged popular understandings of realism, abstraction, and fantasy in the realms of fine art and popular culture. More than simply adding a touch of spectacle to everyday life, Kalba shows, these bright, varied colors came to define the development of a consumer culture increasingly based on the sensual appeal of color. Impressionism—emerging at a time when inexpensively produced color functioned as one of the principal means by and through which people understood modes of visual perception and signification—mirrored and mediated this change, shaping the ways in which people made sense of both modern life and modern art. Demonstrating the central importance of color history and technologies to the study of visuality, Color in the Age of Impressionism adds a dynamic new layer to our understanding of visual and material culture.
Download or read book Blackbody Radiometry written by Victor Sapritsky and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-19 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, the first of a two-volume set, focuses on the basic physical principles of blackbody radiometry and describes artificial sources of blackbody radiation, widely used as sources of optical radiation, whose energy characteristics can be calculated on the base of fundamental physical laws. Following a review of radiometric quantities, radiation laws, and radiative heat transfer, it introduces the basic principles of blackbody radiators design, details of their practical implementation, and methods of measuring their defining characteristics, as well as metrological aspects of blackbody-based measurements. Chapters are dedicated to the effective emissivity concept, methods of increasing effective emissivities, their measurement and modeling using the Monte Carlo method, techniques of blackbody radiators heating, cooling, isothermalization, and measuring their temperature. An extensive and comprehensive reference source, this book is of considerable value to students, researchers, and engineers involved in any aspect of blackbody radiometry.
