Download or read book Computer Organisation and Architecture written by B.S. Chalk and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how a computer works and explains how the various hardware components are organized and interconnected to provide a platform upon which programs can be executed. It takes a simple, step-by-step approach suitable for first year undergraduates coming to the subject for the first time. The second edition of this book has been thoroughly updated to cover new developments in the field and includes new diagrams and end-of-chapter exercises. It will also be accompanied by a lecturer and student web site which will contain solutions to exercises, further exercises, PowerPoint slides and all the source code used in the book.

Download or read book Handbook of Floating Point Arithmetic written by Jean-Michel Muller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-11 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Floating-point arithmetic is the most widely used way of implementing real-number arithmetic on modern computers. However, making such an arithmetic reliable and portable, yet fast, is a very difficult task. As a result, floating-point arithmetic is far from being exploited to its full potential. This handbook aims to provide a complete overview of modern floating-point arithmetic. So that the techniques presented can be put directly into practice in actual coding or design, they are illustrated, whenever possible, by a corresponding program. The handbook is designed for programmers of numerical applications, compiler designers, programmers of floating-point algorithms, designers of arithmetic operators, and more generally, students and researchers in numerical analysis who wish to better understand a tool used in their daily work and research.

Download or read book Advanced Binary for Programming Computer Science written by Sunil Tanna and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-29 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how the binary works and how it is used by computers to represent information including positive and negative integers, characters and real numbers. It explains the logical and bitwise operations used to manipulate information and perform arithmetic. We also briefly look at how computers store this information in memory and secondary storage, and how it can be transmitted between computers. Topics covered include: INTRODUCING NUMBER BASES AND BINARY CONVERTING FROM BINARY TO DENARY AND VICE-VERSA How to Convert a Binary Number to Denary How to Convert a Denary Number to Binary HOW COMPUTERS GROUP BINARY DIGITS A Closer Look at Bytes A Closer Look at Words * Word alignment, word alignment and packing, byte ordering and endianness Addresses BOOLEAN OPERATIONS AND LOGIC GATES Fundamentals of Boolean Algebra * NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, NXOR Combining Logic Gates * NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NOR using NAND logic Logical Versus Bitwise Operations Using Bitwise Operations to Set, Clear, Flip or Test Bits * Setting bits, inverting bits, clearing bits, testing bits ADDING AND SUBTRACTING IN BINARY Adding Binary Integers * The column addition method of adding denary numbers and adding binary numbers, implementing binary addition using logic gates Subtracting Binary Integers * The column subtraction methods of subtracting denary numbers and subtracting binary numbers, implementing binary subtraction using logic gates SHIFT OPERATIONS Left Shift Right Shift Circular Shifts MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION IN BINARY Multiplication * Multiplying by a power of 2, column multiplication, Russian peasant multiplication algorithm, multiplication in hardware Division * Dividing by a power of 2, denary long division, binary long division, algorithm for binary long division, division in hardware REPRESENTING CHARACTERS AND STRINGS OF CHARACTERS Representing Individual Characters * ASCII, extended ASCIIs, BCDIC and other early character encodings, EBCDIC, Unicode Representing Strings of Characters * Terminated strings, length-prefixed strings, other string representations REPRESENTING TEXT AND GRAPHICS ON SCREEN Text Mode Displays Bitmap Displays PARITY CHECKING What is a Parity Bit Even and Odd Parity Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations of Using Parity Checking Parity's Use in RAID Storage Devices Unused Parity Bits SIGNED INTEGERS Offset Binary Signed Magnitude Representation One's Complement Two's Complement Other Representations of Signed Numbers * Base -2, signed-digit representation REAL NUMBERS Fixed Point Representation Floating Point Representation Rational Data Type Logarithmic Number Systems DENARY ENCODINGS AND DECIMAL DATA TYPES Why Use Denary Representations of Real Numbers? Binary Encodings of Denary * Serial decimal, two-out-of-five, bi-quinary, character-based encodings of denary, binary-Coded Decimal (BCD), Chen-Ho Encoding, Densely Packed Decimal (DPD) and excess-3 Decimal Data Types * Which numbers can be exactly represented in fixed and floating point? * How inexact? * Issues with inexact representation * Decimal representation DATA STRUCTURES Structs Arrays Linked Lists and More Complex Structures * Limitations of arrays, introducing linked lists, singly and doubly linked lists, more complex data structures TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY Magnetic-Core Memory and Core Rope Memory RAM * DRAM and SRAM ROM * Mask-programmed ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash memory SECONDARY STORAGE Sequential Storage * Punched tape, magnetic tape Random Access Storage * Magnetic disk, optical disk, solid state drives, flash memory and cloud Storage MEASURING MEMORY AND STORAGE DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Serial Communication Parallel Communication MEASURING TRANSFER RATES Baud

Download or read book Handbook of Data Visualization written by Chun-houh Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-18 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visualizing the data is an essential part of any data analysis. Modern computing developments have led to big improvements in graphic capabilities and there are many new possibilities for data displays. This book gives an overview of modern data visualization methods, both in theory and practice. It details modern graphical tools such as mosaic plots, parallel coordinate plots, and linked views. Coverage also examines graphical methodology for particular areas of statistics, for example Bayesian analysis, genomic data and cluster analysis, as well software for graphics.

Download or read book Numerical Computing with IEEE Floating Point Arithmetic written by Michael L. Overton and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics of Computing -- Numerical Analysis.

Download or read book Introduction to Computer Data Representation written by Peter Fenwick and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014-04-28 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Computer Data Representation introduces readers to the representation of data within computers. Starting from basic principles of number representation in computers, the book covers the representation of both integer and floating point numbers, and characters or text. It comprehensively explains the main techniques of computer arithmetic and logical manipulation. The book also features chapters covering the less usual topics of basic checksums and ‘universal’ or variable length representations for integers, with additional coverage of Gray Codes, BCD codes and logarithmic representations. The description of character coding includes information on both MIME and Unicode formats. Introduction to Computer Data Representation also includes historical aspects of data representation, explaining some of the steps that developers took (and the mistakes they made) that led to the present, well-defined and accepted standards of data representation techniques. The book serves as a primer for advanced computer science graduates and a handy reference for anyone wanting to learn about numbers and data representation in computers.

Download or read book NBS Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computer Arithmetic written by Mircea Vlăduţiu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of this book is the analysis and design of digital devices that implement computer arithmetic. The book's presentation of high-level detail, descriptions, formalisms and design principles means that it can support many research activities in this field, with an emphasis on bridging the gap between algorithm optimization and hardware implementation. The author provides a unified view linking the domains of digital design and arithmetic algorithms, based on original formalisms and hardware description languages. A feature of the book is the large number of examples and the implementation details provided. While the author does not avoid high-level details, providing for example gate-level designs for all matrix/combinational arithmetic structures. The book is suitable for researchers and students engaged with hardware design in computer science and engineering. A feature of the book is the large number of examples and the implementation details provided. While the author does not avoid high-level details, providing for example gate-level designs for all matrix/combinational arithmetic structures. The book is suitable for researchers and students engaged with hardware design in computer science and engineering.

Download or read book Computer Organization and Design RISC V Edition written by David A. Patterson and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2017-05-12 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new RISC-V Edition of Computer Organization and Design features the RISC-V open source instruction set architecture, the first open source architecture designed to be used in modern computing environments such as cloud computing, mobile devices, and other embedded systems. With the post-PC era now upon us, Computer Organization and Design moves forward to explore this generational change with examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the Cloud. Updated content featuring tablet computers, Cloud infrastructure, and the x86 (cloud computing) and ARM (mobile computing devices) architectures is included. An online companion Web site provides advanced content for further study, appendices, glossary, references, and recommended reading. - Features RISC-V, the first such architecture designed to be used in modern computing environments, such as cloud computing, mobile devices, and other embedded systems - Includes relevant examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the cloud

Download or read book National Bureau of Standards Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computer Arithmetic Algorithms written by Israel Koren and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text explains the fundamental principles of algorithms available for performing arithmetic operations on digital computers. These include basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in fixed-point and floating-point number systems as well as more complex operations such as square root extraction and evaluation of exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions. The algorithms described are independent of the particular technology employed for their implementation.

Download or read book Handbook of Knowledge Representation written by Frank van Harmelen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 1035 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Knowledge Representation describes the essential foundations of Knowledge Representation, which lies at the core of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The book provides an up-to-date review of twenty-five key topics in knowledge representation, written by the leaders of each field. It includes a tutorial background and cutting-edge developments, as well as applications of Knowledge Representation in a variety of AI systems. This handbook is organized into three parts. Part I deals with general methods in Knowledge Representation and reasoning and covers such topics as classical logic in Knowledge Representation; satisfiability solvers; description logics; constraint programming; conceptual graphs; nonmonotonic reasoning; model-based problem solving; and Bayesian networks. Part II focuses on classes of knowledge and specialized representations, with chapters on temporal representation and reasoning; spatial and physical reasoning; reasoning about knowledge and belief; temporal action logics; and nonmonotonic causal logic. Part III discusses Knowledge Representation in applications such as question answering; the semantic web; automated planning; cognitive robotics; multi-agent systems; and knowledge engineering. This book is an essential resource for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in knowledge representation and AI. * Make your computer smarter* Handle qualitative and uncertain information* Improve computational tractability to solve your problems easily

Download or read book Computer Arithmetic written by Behrooz Parhami and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ideal for graduate and senior undergraduate courses in computer arithmetic and advanced digital design, Computer Arithmetic: Algorithms and Hardware Designs, Second Edition, provides a balanced, comprehensive treatment of computer arithmetic. It covers topics in arithmetic unit design and circuit implementation that complement the architectural and algorithmic speedup techniques used in high-performance computer architecture and parallel processing. Using a unified and consistent framework, the text begins with number representation and proceeds through basic arithmetic operations, floating-point arithmetic, and function evaluation methods. Later chapters cover broad design and implementation topics-including techniques for high-throughput, low-power, fault-tolerant, and reconfigurable arithmetic. An appendix provides a historical view of the field and speculates on its future. An indispensable resource for instruction, professional development, and research, Computer Arithmetic: Algorithms and Hardware Designs, Second Edition, combines broad coverage of the underlying theories of computer arithmetic with numerous examples of practical designs, worked-out examples, and a large collection of meaningful problems. This second edition includes a new chapter on reconfigurable arithmetic, in order to address the fact that arithmetic functions are increasingly being implemented on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and FPGA-like configurable devices. Updated and thoroughly revised, the book offers new and expanded coverage of saturating adders and multipliers, truncated multipliers, fused multiply-add units, overlapped quotient digit selection, bipartite and multipartite tables, reversible logic, dot notation, modular arithmetic, Montgomery modular reduction, division by constants, IEEE floating-point standard formats, and interval arithmetic. Features: * Divided into 28 lecture-size chapters * Emphasizes both the underlying theories of computer arithmetic and actual hardware designs * Carefully links computer arithmetic to other subfields of computer engineering * Includes 717 end-of-chapter problems ranging in complexity from simple exercises to mini-projects * Incorporates many examples of practical designs * Uses consistent standardized notation throughout * Instructor's manual includes solutions to text problems * An author-maintained website http://www.ece.ucsb.edu/~parhami/text_comp_arit.htm contains instructor resources, including complete lecture slides

Download or read book Essentials of Computer Organization and Architecture written by Linda Null and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2014-02-17 with total page 913 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its fourth edition, this book focuses on real-world examples and practical applications and encourages students to develop a "big-picture" understanding of how essential organization and architecture concepts are applied in the computing world. In addition to direct correlation with the ACM/IEEE CS2013 guidelines for computer organization and architecture, the text exposes readers to the inner workings of a modern digital computer through an integrated presentation of fundamental concepts and principles. It includes the most up-to-the-minute data and resources available and reflects current technologies, including tablets and cloud computing. All-new exercises, expanded discussions, and feature boxes in every chapter implement even more real-world applications and current data, and many chapters include all-new examples. --

Download or read book Modern Computer Arithmetic written by Richard P. Brent and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Computer Arithmetic focuses on arbitrary-precision algorithms for efficiently performing arithmetic operations such as addition, multiplication and division, and their connections to topics such as modular arithmetic, greatest common divisors, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and the computation of elementary and special functions. Brent and Zimmermann present algorithms that are ready to implement in your favorite language, while keeping a high-level description and avoiding too low-level or machine-dependent details. The book is intended for anyone interested in the design and implementation of efficient high-precision algorithms for computer arithmetic, and more generally efficient multiple-precision numerical algorithms. It may also be used in a graduate course in mathematics or computer science, for which exercises are included. These vary considerably in difficulty, from easy to small research projects, and expand on topics discussed in the text. Solutions are available from the authors.

Download or read book DIGITAL LOGIC AND COMPUTER ORGANIZATION written by V. RAJARAMAN and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory text on ‘digital logic and computer organization’ presents a logical treatment of all the fundamental concepts necessary to understand the organization and design of a computer. It is designed to cover the requirements of a first-course in computer organization for undergraduate Computer Science, Electronics, or MCA students. Beginning from first principles, the text guides students through to a stage where they are able to design and build a small computer with available IC chips. Starting with the foundation material on data representation, computer arithmetic and combinatorial and sequential circuit design, the text explains ALU design and includes a discussion on an ALU IC chip. It also discusses Algorithmic State Machine and its representation using a Hardware Description Language before shifting to computer organization. The evolutionary development of a small hypothetical computer is described illustrating hardware-software trade-off in computer organization. Its instruction set is designed giving reasons why each new instruction is introduced. This is followed by a description of the general features of a CPU, organization of main memory and I/O systems. The book concludes with a chapter describing the features of a real computer, namely the Intel Pentium. An appendix describes a number of laboratory experiments which can be put together by students, culminating in the design of a toy computer. Key Features • Self-contained presentation of digital logic and computer organization with minimal pre-requisites • Large number of examples provided throughout the book • Each chapter begins with learning goals and ends with a summary to aid self-study by students.

Download or read book Computer Systems Architecture written by Aharon Yadin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer Systems Architecture provides IT professionals and students with the necessary understanding of computer hardware. It addresses the ongoing issues related to computer hardware and discusses the solutions supplied by the industry. The book describes trends in computing solutions that led to the current available infrastructures, tracing the initial need for computers to recent concepts such as the Internet of Things. It covers computers’ data representation, explains how computer architecture and its underlying meaning changed over the years, and examines the implementations and performance enhancements of the central processing unit (CPU). It then discusses the organization, hierarchy, and performance considerations of computer memory as applied by the operating system and illustrates how cache memory significantly improves performance. The author proceeds to explore the bus system, algorithms for ensuring data integrity, input and output (I/O) components, methods for performing I/O, various aspects relevant to software engineering, and nonvolatile storage devices, such as hard drives and technologies for enhancing performance and reliability. He also describes virtualization and cloud computing and the emergence of software-based systems’ architectures. Accessible to software engineers and developers as well as students in IT disciplines, this book enhances readers’ understanding of the hardware infrastructure used in software engineering projects. It enables readers to better optimize system usage by focusing on the principles used in hardware systems design and the methods for enhancing performance.