Download or read book A Cyber age Approach for Global Management of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Winter Wheat written by Joseph Walls and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precision agriculture often uses computer-based decision-support systems (DSS's) to disseminate pest and disease information to growers to more efficiently manage agricultural productions. In this thesis, a DSS is developed to be accessed by growers for management of barley yellow dwarf disease caused by Barley yellow dwarf virus. The disease devastates grain growing regions around the world in epidemic patterns. It is a well-studied disease, but management can be greatly improved with determination of necessity and optimal timing of insecticide-treated seed, planting date, pest scouting, and foliar insecticide spray treatments, in chronological order. Using published literature and interviews with experts in BYDV epidemiology and agricultural decision-making, dependency networks were used to model field conditions that would logically warrant these management actions. The networks represented nine possible outputs: use insecticide-treated seed, use untreated seed, plant crop immediately, delay planting, scout for aphid vectors of BYDV, do not scout, full foliar insecticide spray, 1/2 (diluted) insecticide spray, and no insecticide spray. There were a total of 243 total combinations of conditions to reach the seed treatment recommendations, 9,720 to reach the planting date recommendations, 62,208 to reach the scouting recommendations, and 216 to reach the insecticide spray recommendations. In this work, I consider and strive to improve the mechanism for inferring output recommendations even when using only partial data sets.Inference mechanisms are necessary components of DSS's to extrapolate outputs from input data to give users recommendations. The dependency networks represent inference mechanisms that require all input information be present before a management recommendation can be made. This thesis proposes a novel secondary inference mechanism structure to be overlaid onto the dependency networks that uses a numerical, rather than categorical or ordinal, calculation system to handle partial input information. This inference mechanism used the dependency networks as a template to make a prototype numerical representation of importance of field conditions in making management decisions. Secondly it calculates a likely success of these management decisions when executed, and penalizes the grower if he or she executes an incorrect management tactic. The success or penalties are measured in terms of optimum yield. It is also proposed that this secondary inference mechanism can allow a BYD management decision forecast based on pest and disease statuses, as well as real-time recommendations. The purpose of the DSS developed in this thesis is to show the applicability of implementing DSS's based on expert knowledge into a platform (iPIPE) that is capable of gathering data from users in a two-way feedback loop. Since future management decisions rely on previous ones the feedback loop allows management practices conducted by the grower to alter future management recommendations given by the system. It also enhances large scale (regional) pest monitoring with input of individual field data. The DSS reported in this thesis will serve as a basis for the evolution of precision management of crop diseases. It will aid in reducing input cost and increasing sustainability and cereal grain yield in BYD management and eventually it will serve as model to better manage other crop pests and diseases.
Download or read book Plant Virus Epidemiology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-15 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published since 1953, Advances in Virus Research covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology. In 2004, the Institute for Scientific Information released figures showing that the series has an Impact Factor of 2.576, with a half-life of 7.1 years, placing it 11th in the highly competitive category of Virology. * Edited by an experienced plant pathologist who has over 50 years experience in plant virus epidemiology* Covers topics such as Evolutionary epidemiology of plant virus disease, The control of tropical plant virus diseases, and Control of plant virus diseases* A valuable resource for students and researchers alike
Download or read book Barley Yellow Dwarf written by Cleora J. D'Arcy and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1995 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The disease: symptomatology and host range of barley yellow dwarf; Distribution and economic importance of barley yellow dwarf; Epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf in Europe; Epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf in Australasia; Interactions of barley yellow dwarf viruses: cross-protection and interactions with other pathogens and with abiotic factors; The viruses: purification and viron characterization of barley yellow dwarf viruses; Genome structure and function of barley yellow dwarf viruses; Taxonomy of barley yellow dwarf viruses; The vectors: biology and taxonomy of vectors of barley yellow dwarf viruses; Aphid transmission of barley yellow dwarf viruses: interactions between viruses, and host plants; Control: barley yellow dwarf: diagnostic procedures and reagents; Cultural chemical, and biological methods for the control of barley yellow dwarf; Host plant tolerance or resistance for control of barley yellow dwarf; Prospects for genetically engineered resistance to barley yellow dwarf viruses.
Download or read book Global Economic Prospects written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Economic Prospects January 2022 written by The World Bank and published by . This book was released on 2022-03-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Economic Prospects, January 2022
Download or read book Alfalfa Silage written by Ollie Ezekiel Reed and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vectors of Plant Pathogens written by Kerry F. Harris and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vectors of Plant Pathogens is a collection of papers that discusses the interrelationship of plant pathogens with their vectors. This collection deals with the numerous vector groups associated with plant pathogens. One paper describes the biology, feeding behavior and distribution of aphids, leafhoppers, plant hoppers, mealy bugs, whiteflies, psyllids, membracids. Another paper addresses the virus transmission characteristics of the mealy bugs during preliminary fasting or feeding, acquisition access time, post-acquisition fasting or feeding, and the inoculation access time. Other papers also discuss the involvement of insects in transmitting bacterial and fungal pathogens; the authors list unresolved issues such as the role of insects in overwintering of bacterial pathogens or the association of the fungus with a particular vector. One author describes some suspected fungi transmission such as the pea stem necrosis virus, red clover necrotic mosaic virus, and the tomato bushy stunt virus. Another paper examines the fate of plant viruses in mite vectors and convectors particularly the viruses found in wheat, barley, or brome grass. Agriculturists, botanists, and researchers in the field of botany, conservation, and plant genealogy will find this book useful.
Download or read book Plant Production in Closed Ecosystems written by E. Goto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Production in Closed Ecosystems provides overviews of the current trends and concepts in plant production in closed or semi-closed environments. The overviews reflect both the present and future challenges that face the agricultural industry and the methods and tools which will meet these challenges. Plant Production in Closed Ecosystems contains the full texts of the Special Lectures from the International Symposium on Plant Production in Closed Ecosystems, plus several contributed papers. The challenges which await the agricultural industry are diverse. This diversity is reflected in the topics that were covered in the special lectures given by experts in the field. These topics included: greenhouse horticulture, hydroponics, micropropagation, food production in space, environmental control, co-generation, controlled ecological life support systems (CELSS), and resource conservation.
Download or read book World Perspectives on Barley Yellow Dwarf written by Peter A. Burnett and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1990 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poultry Production in Hot Climates written by N. J. Daghir and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives an overview of the poultry industry in the warm regions of the world and covers research on breeding for heat resistance. And highlights some of the findings on nutrient requirements of chickens and turkeys.
Download or read book Ecology and the Environment written by Russell K. Monson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, plant biology is considered from the perspective of plants and their surrounding environment, including both biotic and abiotic interactions. The intended audience is undergraduate students in the middle or final phases of their programs of study. Topics are developed to provide a rudimentary understanding of how plant-environment interactions span multiple spatiotemporal scales, and how this rudimentary knowledge can be applied to understand the causes of ecosystem vulnerabilities in the face of global climate change and expansion of natural resource use by human societies. In all chapters connections are made from smaller to larger scales of ecological organization, providing a foundation for understanding plant ecology. Where relevant, environmental threats to ecological systems are identified and future research needs are discussed. As future generations take on the responsibility for managing ecosystem goods and services, one of the most effective resources that can be passed on is accumulated knowledge of how organisms, populations, species, communities and ecosystems function and interact across scales of organization. This book is intended to provide some of that knowledge, and hopefully provide those generations with the ability to avoid some of the catastrophic environmental mistakes that prior generations have made.
Download or read book Mapping Global Theatre Histories written by Mark Pizzato and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a global, chronological mapping of significant areas of theatre, sketched from its deepest history in the evolution of our brain's 'inner theatre' to ancient, medieval, modern, and postmodern developments. It considers prehistoric cave art and built temples, African trance dances, ancient Egyptian and Middle-Eastern ritual dramas, Greek and Roman theatres, Asian dance-dramas and puppetry, medieval European performances, global indigenous rituals, early modern to postmodern Euro-American developments, worldwide postcolonial theatres, and the hyper-theatricality of today's mass and social media. Timelines and numbered paragraphs form an overall outline with distilled details of what students can learn, encouraging further explorations online and in the library. Questions suggest how students might reflect on present parallels, making their own maps of global theatre histories, regarding geo-political theatrics in the media, our performances in everyday life, and the theatres inside our brains.
Download or read book The Third Industrial Revolution written by Jeremy Rifkin and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2011-10-04 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Industrial Revolution, powered by oil and other fossil fuels, is spiraling into a dangerous endgame. The price of gas and food are climbing, unemployment remains high, the housing market has tanked, consumer and government debt is soaring, and the recovery is slowing. Facing the prospect of a second collapse of the global economy, humanity is desperate for a sustainable economic game plan to take us into the future. Here, Jeremy Rifkin explores how Internet technology and renewable energy are merging to create a powerful "Third Industrial Revolution." He asks us to imagine hundreds of millions of people producing their own green energy in their homes, offices, and factories, and sharing it with each other in an "energy internet," just like we now create and share information online. Rifkin describes how the five-pillars of the Third Industrial Revolution will create thousands of businesses, millions of jobs, and usher in a fundamental reordering of human relationships, from hierarchical to lateral power, that will impact the way we conduct commerce, govern society, educate our children, and engage in civic life. Rifkin's vision is already gaining traction in the international community. The European Union Parliament has issued a formal declaration calling for its implementation, and other nations in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, are quickly preparing their own initiatives for transitioning into the new economic paradigm. The Third Industrial Revolution is an insider's account of the next great economic era, including a look into the personalities and players — heads of state, global CEOs, social entrepreneurs, and NGOs — who are pioneering its implementation around the world.
Download or read book Evolution written by Leonid E. Grinin and published by ООО "Издательство "Учитель". This book was released on 2015-11-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume is the fourth issue of the Yearbook series entitled ‘Evolution’. The title of the present volume is ‘From Big Bang to Nanorobots’. In this way we demonstrate that all phases of evolution and Big History are covered in the articles of the present Yearbook. Several articles also present the forecasts about future development. The main objective of our Yearbook as well as of the previous issues is the creation of a unified interdisciplinary field of research in which the scientists specializing in different disciplines could work within the framework of unified or similar paradigms, using the common terminology and searching for common rules, tendencies and regularities. At the same time for the formation of such an integrated field one should use all available opportunities: theories, laws and methods. In the present volume, a number of such approaches are used. The volume consists of four sections: Universal Evolutionary Principles; Biosocial Evolution, Ecological Aspects, and Consciousness; Projects for the Future; In Memoriam. This Yearbook will be useful both for those who study interdisciplinary macroproblems and for specialists working in focused directions, as well as for those who are interested in evolutionary issues of Cosmology, Biology, History, Anthropology, Economics and other areas of study. More than that, this edition will challenge and excite your vision of your own life and the new discoveries going on around us!
Download or read book Shattering written by Cary Fowler and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was through control of the shattering of wild seeds that humans first domesticated plants. Now control over those very plants threatens to shatter the world's food supply, as loss of genetic diversity sets the stage for widespread hunger. Large-scale agriculture has come to favor uniformity in food crops. More than 7,000 U.S. apple varieties once grew in American orchards; 6,000 of them are no longer available. Every broccoli variety offered through seed catalogs in 1900 has now disappeared. As the international genetics supply industry absorbs seed companies—with nearly one thousand takeovers since 1970—this trend toward uniformity seems likely to continue; and as third world agriculture is brought in line with international business interests, the gene pools of humanity's most basic foods are threatened. The consequences are more than culinary. Without the genetic diversity from which farmers traditionally breed for resistance to diseases, crops are more susceptible to the spread of pestilence. Tragedies like the Irish Potato Famine may be thought of today as ancient history; yet the U.S. corn blight of 1970 shows that technologically based agribusiness is a breeding ground for disaster. Shattering reviews the development of genetic diversity over 10,000 years of human agriculture, then exposes its loss in our lifetime at the hands of political and economic forces. The possibility of crisis is real; this book shows that it may not be too late to avert it.
Download or read book Plant Virus Vector written by S. Mukhopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-11-19 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stressing the key role vectors play spread of virus diseases, this volume represents the priorities in practical plant virus research and ways in which their control or management should be sought through an understanding of the practical and environmental aspects of the interactions of viruses with their vectors and their environment. It provides
Download or read book The Rational Optimist written by Matt Ridley and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2011-06-07 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For two hundred years the pessimists have dominated public discourse, insisting that things will soon be getting much worse. But in fact, life is getting better—and at an accelerating rate. Food availability, income, and life span are up; disease, child mortality, and violence are down all across the globe. Africa is following Asia out of poverty; the Internet, the mobile phone, and container shipping are enriching people's lives as never before. In his bold and bracing exploration into how human culture evolves positively through exchange and specialization, bestselling author Matt Ridley does more than describe how things are getting better. He explains why. An astute, refreshing, and revelatory work that covers the entire sweep of human history—from the Stone Age to the Internet—The Rational Optimist will change your way of thinking about the world for the better.
