Download or read book 3D Deterministic Radiation Transport for Dose Computations in Clinical Procedures written by Ahmad Al-Basheer and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EDK- S[subscript N] method implements voxelized phantoms with discrete ordinates (S[subscript N]) transport computations coupled with directional influences and (pre-computed) full-physics Monte Carlo based electron absorbed dose kernels to yield total body absorbed dose information. This research shows that the deterministic techniques coupled with Monte Carlo based electron absorbed dose-kernels has significant potential for organ absorbed dose evaluation in the clinical management of radiation therapy patients.

Download or read book A New Method for Coupling 2D and 3D Deterministic and Stochastic Radiation Transport Calculations written by Joel Aaron Kulesza and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this body of work was to produce a code system capable of processing boundary angular flux data from discrete ordinates calculations in 2D and 3D Cartesian and cylindrical geometries into cumulative probability density functions that can be used with a Monte Carlo radiation transport code to define neutron and photon initial positions, directions, and energies. In order to accomplish this goal, the DISCO (DetermInistic-Stochastic Coupling Operation) code was created to interface between the DORT and TORT deterministic radiation transport codes and the MCNP stochastic radiation transport code. DISCO introduces new methods to use the boundary angular flux data, along with information regarding the deterministic quadrature sets and spatial mesh structure, to create cumulative probability density functions that are passed to MCNP for sampling within the source. F90 subroutine that was also generated as part of this work. Operating in concert, DISCO and the MCNP source. F90 subroutine create a source term according to the discrete ordinates angular flux information. In order to validate the work described herein, 24 test cases were created to exercise the different geometries and execution modes available. The results of these test cases confirm that the methodology and corresponding implementation is appropriate and functioning correctly. Furthermore, this work incorporates several novel features such as compatibility with all 2D and 3D Cartesian and cylindrical geometries, an angular and spatial indexing scheme to reduce random sampling operations, a streamlining of process execution, and the ability for the resulting Monte Carlo code to operate in either serial and parallel mode.

Download or read book Clinical 3D Dosimetry in Modern Radiation Therapy written by Ben Mijnheer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a first comprehensive summary of the basic principles, instrumentation, methods, and clinical applications of three-dimensional dosimetry in modern radiation therapy treatment. The presentation reflects the major growth in the field as a result of the widespread use of more sophisticated radiotherapy approaches such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy, which require new 3D dosimetric techniques to determine very accurately the dose distribution. It is intended as an essential guide for those involved in the design and implementation of new treatment technology and its application in advanced radiation therapy, and will enable these readers to select the most suitable equipment and methods for their application. Chapters include numerical data, examples, and case studies.

Download or read book Integral Transport Based Deterministic Brachytherapy Dose Calculations written by Chuanyu Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brachytherapy usually refers to a category of procedures where radiation sources are implanted into the tumor or into its close vicinity to deliver high radiation doses into the tumor for a therapy. A feedback about the dose rate distribution during the surgery is desired to guarantee the dose coverage and the success of a treatment. Calculation speed is crucial in this attempt and traditional Monte Carlo methods are not suitable for this purpose. We developed a deterministic algorithm for computing three dimensional brachytherapy dose distributions. The deterministic algorithm has been based on the integral transport equation. The integral transport equation is solved by the Neumann Series and spatial, angular and energy discretizations. Source scheme and transport scheme are the two steps to calculate the scattered photon flux. The algorithm provided us a capability of computing dose distributions for multiple isotropic point and/or volumetric sources in a homogenous/heterogeneous medium. Two seed models, model 2301 and model 6711 were studied. The algorithm results for these two seeds have been benchmarked against the results from literatures and MCNP calculation. We have included fluorescence radiation physics to handle the silver fluorescence in seed model 6711. We designed and implemented a parallel algorithm to speed up the calculations. The introduction of parallel computing capability provided a means to compute the dose distribution for multiple seeds in a simultaneous manner. We can compute dose distributions for a large set of seeds without resorting to the superposition methods, which is current technique to calculate overall dose distribution from multiple seeds. This provided a way to study strong heterogeneity and shadow effects induced by the presence of multiple seeds in an interstitial brachytherapy implant. By studying an 81 seeds problem, we observed that superposition of single seeds dose distribution can lead to at least 5[Difference]10% overestimation around implanted seeds. This provided more evidence that the shadow effect has significant impacts on the dose distribution and should be considered in the brachytherapy dosimetry.

Download or read book Introduction to Megavoltage X Ray Dose Computation Algorithms written by Jerry Battista and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Read an exclusive interview with Dr. Jerry Battista here. A critical element of radiation treatment planning for cancer is the accurate prediction and delivery of a tailored radiation dose distribution inside the patient. Megavoltage x-ray beams are aimed at the tumour, while collateral damage to nearby healthy tissue and organs is minimized. The key to optimal treatment therefore lies in adopting a trustworthy three-dimensional (3D) dose computation algorithm, which simulates the passage of both primary and secondary radiation throughout the exposed tissue. Edited by an award-winning university educator and pioneer in the field of voxel-based radiation dose computation, this book explores the physics and mathematics that underlie algorithms encountered in contemporary radiation oncology. It is an invaluable reference for clinical physicists who commission, develop, or test treatment planning software. This book also covers a core topic in the syllabus for educating graduate students and residents entering the field of clinical physics. This book starts with a historical perspective gradually building up to the three most important algorithms used for today’s clinical applications. These algorithms can solve the same general radiation transport problem from three vantages: firstly, applying convolution-superposition principles (i.e. Green’s method); secondly, the stochastic simulation of radiation particle interactions with tissue atoms (i.e. the Monte Carlo method); and thirdly, the deterministic solution of the fundamental equations for radiation fields of x-rays and their secondary particles (i.e. the Boltzmann method). It contains clear, original illustrations of key concepts and quantities thoughout, supplemented by metaphors and analogies to facilitate comprehension and retention of knowledge. Features: Edited by an authority in the field, enhanced with chapter contributions from physicists with clinical experience in the fields of computational dosimetry and dose optimization Contains examples of test phantom results and clinical cases, illustrating pitfalls to avoid in clinical applications to radiation oncology Introduces four-dimensional (4D) dose computation, on-line dose reconstruction, and dose accumulation that accounts for tissue displacements and motion throughout a course of radiation therapy

Download or read book Evaluation of a Deterministic Boltzmann Solver for Radiation Therapy Dose Calculations Involving High density Hip Prostheses written by Samantha A. M. Lloyd and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acuros External Beam (Acuros XB) is a new radiation dose calculation algorithm available as part of Varian Medical Systems' radiotherapy treatment planning system, ECLIPSE. Acuros XB calculates dose distributions by finding the deterministic solution to the linear Boltzmann transport equation which governs the transport of particles or radiation through matter. Among other things, Acuros XB claims an ability to accurately model dose perturbations due to increased photon and electron scatter within a high-density volume, such as a hip prosthesis. Until now, the only way to accurately model high-density scatter was with a Monte Carlo simulation which gives the stochastic solution to the same transport equation, but is time and computationally expensive. In contrast, Acuros XB solves the transport equation at time scales appropriate for clinical use. An evaluation of Acuros XB for radiation dose calculations involving high-density objects was undertaken using EGSnrc based Monte Carlo as the benchmark. Calculations were performed for geometrically ideal virtual phantoms, water tank phantoms containing cylindrical steel rods and hip prostheses, and for a clinical prostate treatment plan involving a unilateral prosthetic hip. The anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA), a convolution-superposition algorithm used for treatment planning at the British Columbia Cancer Agency's Vancouver Island Center, was also used to illustrate the limitations of current radiotherapy planning tools. In addition, to verify the qualitative properties of dose perturbations due to high-density volumes, film measurements were taken and compared to Monte Carlo, Acuros XB and AAA data. Dose distributions calculated with Acuros XB agree very well with distributions calculated with Monte Carlo. Gamma-analyses performed at 2% and 2 mm using Monte Carlo as the reference dose were within tolerance for 92-99% of voxels considered. AAA, on the other hand, was within tolerance for 61-97% of voxels considered under the same gamma-constraints. For the clinical prostate plan, AAA produced localized dose underestimates that were absent when calculated by Acuros XB. As well, both Monte Carlo and Acuros XB showed very good agreement with the film measurements, while AAA showed large discrepancies at and beyond the location of measured dose perturbations. Acuros XB has been shown to handle does perturbations due to high-density volumes as well as Monte Carlo, at clinically appropriate time scales, and better than the current algorithm used for treatment planning at the Vancouver Island Center.

Download or read book Comprehensive Brachytherapy written by Jack Venselaar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-08 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern brachytherapy is one of the most important oncological treatment modalities requiring an integrated approach that utilizes new technologies, advanced clinical imaging facilities, and a thorough understanding of the radiobiological effects on different tissues, the principles of physics, dosimetry techniques and protocols, and clinical expertise. A complete overview of the field, Comprehensive Brachytherapy: Physical and Clinical Aspects is a landmark publication, presenting a detailed account of the underlying physics, design, and implementation of the techniques, along with practical guidance for practitioners. Bridging the gap between research and application, this single source brings together the technological basis, radiation dosimetry, quality assurance, and fundamentals of brachytherapy. In addition, it presents discussion of the most recent clinical practice in brachytherapy including prostate, gynecology, breast, and other clinical treatment sites. Along with exploring new clinical protocols, it discusses major advances in imaging, robotics, dosimetry, Monte Carlo-based dose calculation, and optimization.

Download or read book Computational Bioengineering written by Guigen Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguably the first book of its kind, Computational Bioengineering explores the power of multidisciplinary computer modeling in bioengineering. Written by experts, the book examines the interplay of multiple governing principles underlying common biomedical devices and problems, bolstered by case studies. It shows you how to take advantage of the la

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy written by Dan Nguyen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-10 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Workshop on Connectomics in Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy, AIRT 2019, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2019 in Shenzhen, China, in October 2019. The 20 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. The papers discuss the state of radiation therapy, the state of AI and related technologies, and hope to find a pathway to revolutionizing the field to ultimately improve cancer patient outcome and quality of life.

Download or read book Treatment Planning in Radiation Oncology written by Faiz M. Khan and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1998 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation oncology is integrated with medical physics for a unique look at the state of the art in cancer patient care. World-renowned authors provide a complete discussion of treatment planning featuring the clinical, physical, and technical aspects involved. Coverage includes 3-D conformal treatment and other advancements in computer technology and medical imaging to bring the reader a modern perspective on treatment planning.

Download or read book Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine Second Edition written by Michael Ljungberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-06 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From first principles to current computer applications, Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine, Second Edition: Applications in Diagnostic Imaging covers the applications of Monte Carlo calculations in nuclear medicine and critically reviews them from a diagnostic perspective. Like the first edition, this book explains the Monte Carlo method and the principles behind SPECT and PET imaging, introduces the reader to some Monte Carlo software currently in use, and gives the reader a detailed idea of some possible applications of Monte Carlo in current research in SPECT and PET. New chapters in this edition cover codes and applications in pre-clinical PET and SPECT. The book explains how Monte Carlo methods and software packages can be applied to evaluate scatter in SPECT and PET imaging, collimation, and image deterioration. A guide for researchers and students developing methods to improve image resolution, it also demonstrates how Monte Carlo techniques can be used to simulate complex imaging systems.

Download or read book Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology E Book written by Richard Hoppe and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-09-09 with total page 1666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stay on top of the latest scientific and therapeutic advances with the new edition of Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology. Dr. Theodore L. Phillips, in collaboration with two new authors, Drs. Richard Hoppe and Mack Roach, offers a multidisciplinary look at the presentation of uniform treatment philosophies for cancer patients emphasizing the "treat for cure" philosophy. You can also explore the implementation of new imaging techniques to locate and treat tumors, new molecularly targeted therapies, and new types of treatment delivery. Supplement your reading with online access to the complete contents of the book, a downloadable image library, and more at expertconsult.com. Gather step-by-step techniques for assessing and implementing radiotherapeutic options with this comprehensive, full-color, clinically oriented text. Review the basic principles behind the selection and application of radiation as a treatment modality, including radiobiology, radiation physics, immobilization and simulation, high dose rate, and more. Use new imaging techniques to anatomically locate tumors before and during treatment. Apply multidisciplinary treatments with advice from experts in medical, surgical, and radiation oncology. Explore new treatment options such as proton therapy, which can facilitate precise tumor-targeting and reduce damage to healthy tissue and organs. Stay on the edge of technology with new chapters on IGRT, DNA damage and repair, and molecularly targeted therapies.

Download or read book Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy written by Frank Verhaegen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About ten years after the first edition comes this second edition of Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy: Introduction, Source Modelling, and Patient Dose Calculations, thoroughly updated and extended with the latest topics, edited by Frank Verhaegen and Joao Seco. This book aims to provide a brief introduction to the history and basics of Monte Carlo simulation, but again has a strong focus on applications in radiotherapy. Since the first edition, Monte Carlo simulation has found many new applications, which are included in detail. The applications sections in this book cover the following: Modelling transport of photons, electrons, protons, and ions Modelling radiation sources for external beam radiotherapy Modelling radiation sources for brachytherapy Design of radiation sources Modelling dynamic beam delivery Patient dose calculations in external beam radiotherapy Patient dose calculations in brachytherapy Use of artificial intelligence in Monte Carlo simulations This book is intended for both students and professionals, both novice and experienced, in medical radiotherapy physics. It combines overviews of development, methods, and references to facilitate Monte Carlo studies.

Download or read book Airport Passenger Screening Using Backscatter X Ray Machines written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-01-10 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passenger screening at commercial airports in the United States has gone through significant changes since the events of September 11, 2001. In response to increased concern over terrorist attacks on aircrafts, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has deployed security systems of advanced imaging technology (AIT) to screen passengers at airports. To date (December 2014), TSA has deployed AITs in U.S. airports of two different technologies that use different types of radiation to detect threats: millimeter wave and X-ray backscatter AIT systems. X-ray backscatter AITs were deployed in U.S. airports in 2008 and subsequently removed from all airports by June 2013 due to privacy concerns. TSA is looking to deploy a second-generation X-ray backscatter AIT equipped with privacy software to eliminate production of an image of the person being screened in order to alleviate these concerns. This report reviews previous studies as well as current processes used by the Department of Homeland Security and equipment manufacturers to estimate radiation exposures resulting from backscatter X-ray advanced imaging technology system use in screening air travelers. Airport Passenger Screening Using Backscatter X-Ray Machines examines whether exposures comply with applicable health and safety standards for public and occupational exposures to ionizing radiation and whether system design, operating procedures, and maintenance procedures are appropriate to prevent over exposures of travelers and operators to ionizing radiation. This study aims to address concerns about exposure to radiation from X-ray backscatter AITs raised by Congress, individuals within the scientific community, and others.

Download or read book Radiation Oncology Physics written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is aimed at students and teachers involved in teaching programmes in field of medical radiation physics, and it covers the basic medical physics knowledge required in the form of a syllabus for modern radiation oncology. The information will be useful to those preparing for professional certification exams in radiation oncology, medical physics, dosimetry or radiotherapy technology.

Download or read book Monte Carlo Methods for Radiation Transport written by Oleg N. Vassiliev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-17 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a guide to the use of Monte Carlo techniques in radiation transport. This topic is of great interest for medical physicists. Praised as a "gold standard" for accurate radiotherapy dose calculations, Monte Carlo has stimulated a high level of research activity that has produced thousands of papers within the past few years. The book is designed primarily to address the needs of an academically inclined medical physicist who wishes to learn the technique, as well as experienced users of standard Monte Carlo codes who wish to gain insight into the underlying mathematics of Monte Carlo algorithms. The book focuses on the fundamentals—giving full attention to and explaining the very basic concepts. It also includes advanced topics and covers recent advances such as transport of charged particles in magnetic fields and the grid-based solvers of the Boltzmann equation.

Download or read book Comprehensive Brachytherapy written by Jack Venselaar and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2012-11-08 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern brachytherapy is one of the most important oncological treatment modalities requiring an integrated approach that utilizes new technologies, advanced clinical imaging facilities, and a thorough understanding of the radiobiological effects on different tissues, the principles of physics, dosimetry techniques and protocols, and clinical expertise. A complete overview of the field, Comprehensive Brachytherapy: Physical and Clinical Aspects is a landmark publication, presenting a detailed account of the underlying physics, design, and implementation of the techniques, along with practical guidance for practitioners. Bridging the gap between research and application, this single source brings together the technological basis, radiation dosimetry, quality assurance, and fundamentals of brachytherapy. In addition, it presents discussion of the most recent clinical practice in brachytherapy including prostate, gynecology, breast, and other clinical treatment sites. Along with exploring new clinical protocols, it discusses major advances in imaging, robotics, dosimetry, Monte Carlo-based dose calculation, and optimization.