Download or read book Zoonotic Negative Sense RNA Viruses written by Jasmina M. Luczo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-03-08 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonotic viruses continue to pose a serious risk to human and animal health. Of these, negative-sense RNA viruses are recognized as a major threat, being the causative agent of numerous epornitics, epidemics and pandemics. Moreover, the World Health Organization lists numerous negative-sense RNA viruses as priority pathogens of concern due to their pandemic potential and/or lack of adequate countermeasures. Negative-sense RNA viruses such as highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, Hendra and Nipah viruses, Ebola virus, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, can cause severe disease and devastating infection outcomes in human and animal hosts. Peering through a one health lens, it is crucial to understand infection dynamics in relevant hosts to understand factors that contribute to the emergence, spill over, and disease severity of novel, negative-sense zoonotic RNA viruses.
Download or read book Global Perspectives on the Transmission of Zoonotic RNA Viruses from Wild Animal Species to Humans written by Jayashree Seema Nandi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-05-25 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Perspectives of the Transmission of Zoonotic RNA Viruses from Wild Animal Species to Humans: Zoonotic, Epizootic, and Anthropogenic Transmission Viral Pathogens elaborates on the current knowledge surrounding the transmission of zoonotic RNA viruses from different wild animal species to humans, including updates on the reverse transmission of pathogens to humans across the globe, with coverage of rodents, pigs, birds and primates. This reference goes beyond the phenomena occurring in African and American regions to provide further study of zoonotic pathogens from the entire world, including various parts of Asia such as India. The book comprehensively covers new knowledge on many diverse wild primate species for a global perspective on the phenomena of cross-species transmissions of pathogenic RNA viruses. Against the backdrop of the current global Covid-19 pandemic, this reference helps solve the problem of incomplete knowledge on global epidemiology of zoonotic RNA viruses. RNA viruses have pandemic, epidemic and epizootic potentials caused by Influenza viruses, Avian Influenza viruses, and other infectious viruses. Provides global coverage of the transmission of zoonotic infectious RNA viruses with epidemic and pandemic potentials in natural settings, with a new focus on India which is largely overlooked Provides data related to the transmission of different zoonotic RNA viruses, SIVs, SFVs and Influenza viruses in India Delivers background information on related RNA viruses like SARS, SRASCoV2, HIV-1, HIV-2, restriction factors, endogenous retroviruses and lentiviruses and other environmental data which is relevant for a comprehensive understanding of zoonotic events across the world
Download or read book Molecular Virology written by Susanne Modrow and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-09-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book gives a comprehensive overview on the knowledge of virus infection relevant for humans and animals. For each virus family the molecular details of the virus particle and the viral replication cycle are described. In the case of virus types with relevance for human and/or animal health the data on molecular biology, genetics and virus-cell interaction are combined with those concerning, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinics, prevention and therapy.
Download or read book Emerging and Zoonotic RNA Viruses in Cats and Dogs written by Olivia Patania and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, viruses have been emerging in the United States. With the onset of the recent global pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), knowledge regarding viruses has become more widely sought to those outside of the scientific community. Even veterinarians, whose area of expertise may only extend to viruses they commonly treat in select veterinary species, have had to become more educated on emerging human viruses due to the zoonotic (transmissibility between humans and animals) risk. The susceptibility and transmission of viruses between humans and companion animals, such as cats and dogs, is an important component to the One Health initiative where the health of humans is closely related to the heath of animals and the environment we share. With this initiative in mind, I sought to investigate the prevalence and/or pathology associated with three select emerging and/or zoonotic RNA viruses in the two most common companion animals: cats and dogs; these viruses include: SARS-CoV-2, West Nile virus (WNV) and Powassan virus (POWV). My central hypothesis is that these viruses cause similar pathologic changes in cats and dogs as seen in humans, and that cats and dogs can be used as experimental models and sentinels for human disease, respectively. My work first sought to thoroughly evaluate the respiratory and intestinal tracts of eleven domestic cats experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 at 3, 6, 10 and 28 days post-inoculation. Using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues, I studied viral expression, quantification and sequelae through hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), multiplex immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). I determined that cats could serve as an informative model to study post-acute pulmonary sequelae due to the pulmonary changes observed in the lungs, which persist beyond the detection of viral RNA. Furthermore, I concluded that SARS-CoV-2, a primary respiratory pathogen, replicates within the intestinal tract, and viral RNA persists there beyond respiratory clearance. This suggested that intestinal tissues may serve as useful diagnostic tools in chronic SARS-CoV-2 cases in cats where viral respiratory shedding has been cleared. Pivoting to two endemic, zoonotic flaviviruses, POWV and WNV, that cause neuroinvasive disease annually in humans and other mammals, I sought to determine the seroprevalence of these viruses along with other select vector-borne pathogens. The sera of 461 dogs were evaluated for the presence of neutralizing antibodies using plaque reduction neutralization tests. Seroprevalence rates were 5.0% (POWV) and 3.7% (WNV), suggesting that dogs can serve as a public health surveillance tool. To determine if dogs developed neuroinvasive disease, similar to humans, I conducted a retrospective study evaluating FFPE central nervous system tissues from 33 dogs that died with neurologic disease using RT-qPCR, IHC and RNAscope® in-situ hybridization to detect WNV or POWV antigen or RNA. At least 9.0% and 12.0% of the dogs had detectable POWV and WNV RNA, respectively. This suggested that dogs are susceptible to neuroinvasive disease, and WNV and POWV should be included as differentials for canines with encephalitis. These findings indicate the important connections shared between humans and companion animals. The invaluable usage of cats as experimental models for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and adaptation are vital in understanding the mechanisms driving viral sequelae in human health. Similarly, the study of naturally occurring diseases, like that of WNV or POWV in dogs, is an important component of public health and equips the veterinary community with the necessary knowledge to combat disease in susceptible species.
Download or read book Zoonotic Viruses of Northern Eurasia written by Dimitry Konstantinovich Lvov and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-25 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonotic Viruses of Northern Eurasia: Taxonomy and Ecology provides a review of modern data of the taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of zoonotic viruses in the ecosystems of Northern Eurasia. With climate changes, increasing population density of arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts, development of unused lands, transferences of viruses by birds, bats, infected humans, and animals, vectors allow virus populations to adapt to the new environment. This leads to the appearance of emerging or re-emerging infections. This book presents data about circulation and evolution of influenza viruses, tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, hantaviruses, Sindbis virus, California encephalitis group viruses and other pathogenic viruses as well as of novel viruses classified for the first time using next-generation sequence. Features summarized data about the circulation of approximately 80 viruses isolated in natural foci of Northern Eurasia Provides descriptions of the main ecosystems of Northern Eurasia in the context of the ecology of viruses with environmental factors Delineates the potential impact of climate change for the distribution of viruses Includes virus taxonomy, ecology, distribution and pathogenicity for humans and animals
Download or read book The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-09 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonotic diseases represent one of the leading causes of illness and death from infectious disease. Defined by the World Health Organization, zoonoses are "those diseases and infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man with or without an arthropod intermediate." Worldwide, zoonotic diseases have a negative impact on commerce, travel, and economies. In most developing countries, zoonotic diseases are among those diseases that contribute significantly to an already overly burdened public health system. In industrialized nations, zoonotic diseases are of particular concern for at-risk groups such as the elderly, children, childbearing women, and immunocompromised individuals. The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases: Understanding the Impact on Animal and Human Health, covers a range of topics, which include: an evaluation of the relative importance of zoonotic diseases against the overall backdrop of emerging infections; research findings related to the current state of our understanding of zoonotic diseases; surveillance and response strategies to detect, prevent, and mitigate the impact of zoonotic diseases on human health; and information about ongoing programs and actions being taken to identify the most important needs in this vital area.
Download or read book Structural Virology written by Mavis Agbandje-McKenna and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010-11-11 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last ten years, much effort has been devoted to improving the biophysical techniques used in the study of viruses. This has resulted in the visualization of these large macromolecular assemblages at atomic level, thus providing the platform for functional interpretation and therapeutic design. Structural Virology covers a wide range of topics and is split into three sections. The first discusses the vast biophysical methodologies used in structural virology, including sample production and purification, confocal microscopy, mass spectrometry, negative-stain and cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The second discusses the role of virus capsid protein structures in determining the functional roles required for receptor recognition, cellular entry, capsid assembly, genome packaging and mechanisms of host immune system evasion. The last section discusses therapeutic strategies based on virus protein structures, including the design of antiviral drugs and the development of viral capsids as vehicles for foreign gene delivery. Each topic covered will begin with a review of the current literature followed by a more detailed discussion of experimental procedures, a step in the viral life cycle, or strategies for therapeutic development. With contributions from experts in the field of structural biology and virology this exceptional monograph will appeal to biomedical scientists involved in basic and /or applied research on viruses. It also provides up-to-date reference material for students entering the field of structural virology as well as scientists already familiar with the area.
Download or read book The Bunyaviridae written by Richard M. Elliott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive reference, leading researchers examine the biology, molecular biology, and diseases of the Bunyaviridae, and provide up-to-date information on the genetic characterization and variations of this virus group. Chapters deal with the molecular biology of five genera: Bunyavirus, Hantavirus, Nairovirus, Phlebovirus, and Tospovirus. Chapters examine Bunyaviridae assembly and intracelluar protein transport as well as Bunyaviridae genetics. Contributors discuss the Bunyaviridae diseases, including the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
Download or read book Bats in the Anthropocene Conservation of Bats in a Changing World written by Christian C. Voigt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-07 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on central themes related to the conservation of bats. It details their response to land-use change and management practices, intensified urbanization and roost disturbance and loss. Increasing interactions between humans and bats as a result of hunting, disease relationships, occupation of human dwellings, and conflict over fruit crops are explored in depth. Finally, contributors highlight the roles that taxonomy, conservation networks and conservation psychology have to play in conserving this imperilled but vital taxon. With over 1300 species, bats are the second largest order of mammals, yet as the Anthropocene dawns, bat populations around the world are in decline. Greater understanding of the anthropogenic drivers of this decline and exploration of possible mitigation measures are urgently needed if we are to retain global bat diversity in the coming decades. This book brings together teams of international experts to provide a global review of current understanding and recommend directions for future research and mitigation.
Download or read book Tropical Medicine Notebook written by Philippa C. Matthews and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tropical Medicine Notebook is a new concept in providing a concise overview of the key topics in tropical medicine, using short notes, diagrams, maps, and tables to present the material in an accessible, engaging, memorable, and interesting way. The format is generally a page per topic, with division of each page into subsections by boxes to make it easy to find the relevant information. Cross-referencing is provided to allow quick linking between relevant sections of the book. Providing the key information in bite-size chunks, the Tropical Medicine Notebook is a useful companion to more comprehensive texts. Divided into eight sections; the first five cover infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and helminths, followed by a further three which present the topics of vector biology, disease syndromes and envenomation. Where relevant, the section is prefaced by a classification system to provide a logical overview, helping with assimilation of information and highlighting important relationships between organisms. It is an ideal learning and revision guide for students or trainees in infection, microbiology, and tropical medicine, as well as being a useful reference resource for healthcare and laboratory staff across the wide range of disciplines to which infection may present.
Download or read book The Togaviridae and Flaviviridae written by Sondra Schlesinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication of this volume of The Viruses entitled The Togaviridae and Flaviviridae comes at an appropriate time. The structure and rep lication strategies of these viruses are now known to be sufficiently di verse to warrant the removal of flaviviruses from the Togaviridae family and establish them as an independent family. Flaviviridae have a special place in the history of virology. The prototype virus-yellow fever virus was the first virus to be identified as the cause of a human disease. Some of the history of this discovery is described in Chapter 1 of this volume; in Chapter 10 the complete sequence of the RNA genome of the virus is presented. This sequence not only defines the primary structure of the viral proteins, it also clarifies the mechanism of translation of the fla vivirus genome. Knowledge of the sequence of the structural proteins of these viruses represents an important step in the potential goal of using purified flavivirus glycoproteins as vaccines. Many of the chapters in this volume focus on the structure and replication of the Togaviridae. These viruses have provided valuable models for studies in cell biology, partic ularly with regard to the cotranslational and posttranslational steps re quired for the synthesis and localization of membrane glycoproteins. Fur thermore, Togaviridae have been pivotal in our growing understanding of how enveloped viruses enter and exit from cells. The broad outlines of the structure and gene expression of Togavir idae and Flaviviridae are known, but important questions remain.
Download or read book Emerging Viral Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past half century, deadly disease outbreaks caused by novel viruses of animal origin - Nipah virus in Malaysia, Hendra virus in Australia, Hantavirus in the United States, Ebola virus in Africa, along with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), several influenza subtypes, and the SARS (sudden acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses - have underscored the urgency of understanding factors influencing viral disease emergence and spread. Emerging Viral Diseases is the summary of a public workshop hosted in March 2014 to examine factors driving the appearance, establishment, and spread of emerging, re-emerging and novel viral diseases; the global health and economic impacts of recently emerging and novel viral diseases in humans; and the scientific and policy approaches to improving domestic and international capacity to detect and respond to global outbreaks of infectious disease. This report is a record of the presentations and discussion of the event.
Download or read book Viruses and Human Disease written by Ellen G. Strauss and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-09-21 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, the new edition of this groundbreaking text integrates basic virology with pathophysiological conditions to examine the connection between virology and human disease. Most virology textbooks focus on the molecular biology involved without adequate reference to physiology. This text focuses on viruses that infect humans, domestic animals and vertebrates and is based on extensive course notes from James Strauss’ virology class at the California Institute of Technology taught for over 30 years. Expertly depicting in color the molecular structure and replication of each virus, it provides an excellent overview for students and professionals interested in viruses as agents of human disease. Includes over 30% new material - virtually all of the figures and tables have been redrawn to include the latest information and the text has been extensively rewritten to include the most up-to-date information Includes a new chapter on emerging and reemerging viral diseases such as avian flu, SARS, the spread of West Nile virus across America, and the continuing spread of Nipah virus in Southeast Asia Further reading sections at the end of each chapter make it easy find key references World maps depicting the current distribution of existing and newly emerging viruses are also incorporated into the text
Download or read book Viruses in Foods written by Sagar Goyal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-15 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to focus entirely on viruses in foods. It collates information on the occurrence, detection, transmission, and epidemiology of viruses in various foods. Although methods for bacterial detection in food are available, methods for detection of viruses in food, with the exception of shellfish, are not available. It is important, therefore, to develop methods for direct examination of food for viruses and to explore alternate indicators that can accurately reflect the virological quality of food. This book addresses these issues along with strategies for the prevention and control of viral contamination of food.
Download or read book The Coronaviridae written by Stuart G. Siddell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coronaviruses were recognized as a group of enveloped, RNA viruses in 1968 and accepted by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses as a separate family, the Coronaviridae, in 1975. By 1978, it had become evident that the coronavirus genomic RNA was infectious (i. e. , positive strand), and by 1983, at least the framework of the coronavirus replication strategy had been per ceived. Subsequently, with the application of recombinant DNA techniques, there have been remarkable advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of coronaviruses, and a mass of structural data concerning coronavirus genomes, mRNAs, and pro teins now exists. More recently, attention has been focused on the role of essential and accessory gene products in the coronavirus replication cyde and a molecular analysis of the structure-function relation ships of coronavirus proteins. Nevertheless, there are still large gaps in our knowledge, for instance, in areas such as the genesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNAs or the function of the coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The diseases caused by coronaviruses have been known for much longer than the agents themselves. Possibly the first coronavirus-related disease to be recorded was feline infectious peritonitis, as early as 1912. The diseases associ ated with infectious bronchitis virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and murine hepatitis virus were all well known before 1950.
Download or read book Blue Marble Health written by Peter J. Hotez and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2016-09 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do diseases of poverty afflict more people in wealthy countries than in the developing world? In 2011, Dr. Peter J. Hotez relocated to Houston to launch Baylor’s National School of Tropical Medicine. He was shocked to discover that a number of neglected diseases often associated with developing countries were widespread in impoverished Texas communities. Despite the United States’ economic prowess and first-world status, an estimated 12 million Americans living at the poverty level currently suffer from at least one neglected tropical disease, or NTD. Hotez concluded that the world’s neglected diseases—which include tuberculosis, hookworm infection, lymphatic filariasis, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis—are born first and foremost of extreme poverty. In this book, Hotez describes a new global paradigm known as “blue marble health,” through which he asserts that poor people living in wealthy countries account for most of the world’s poverty-related illness. He explores the current state of neglected diseases in such disparate countries as Mexico, South Korea, Argentina, Australia, the United States, Japan, and Nigeria. By crafting public policy and relying on global partnerships to control or eliminate some of the world’s worst poverty-related illnesses, Hotez believes, it is possible to eliminate life-threatening disease while at the same time creating unprecedented opportunities for science and diplomacy. Clear, compassionate, and timely, Blue Marble Health is a must-read for leaders in global health, tropical medicine, and international development, along with anyone committed to helping the millions of people who are caught in the desperate cycle of poverty and disease.
Download or read book How to Prevent the Next Pandemic written by Bill Gates and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2022-05-03 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments, businesses, and individuals around the world are thinking about what happens after the COVID-19 pandemic. Can we hope to not only ward off another COVID-like disaster but also eliminate all respiratory diseases, including the flu? Bill Gates, one of our greatest and most effective thinkers and activists, believes the answer is yes. The author of the #1 New York Times best seller How to Avoid a Climate Disaster lays out clearly and convincingly what the world should have learned from COVID-19 and what all of us can do to ward off another catastrophe like it. Relying on the shared knowledge of the world’s foremost experts and on his own experience of combating fatal diseases through the Gates Foundation, Gates first helps us understand the science of infectious diseases. Then he shows us how the nations of the world, working in conjunction with one another and with the private sector, how we can prevent a new pandemic from killing millions of people and devastating the global economy. Here is a clarion call—strong, comprehensive, and of the gravest importance.
