Download or read book Zoning as a Barrier to Multifamily Housing Development written by Gerrit Knaap and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the relationships between zoning and housing in six metropolitan areas. Using census and GIS data, the authors found indicators of zoning regulations and housing market performance in Boston; Miami-Dade County; Minneapolis-St. Paul; Portland; Sacramento; and Washington, D.C. They evaluated state statutes and regional and local plans in each metropolitan. The result is documentary evidence that exclusionary zoning is a significant barrier to higher-density, multifamily housing, which is often--but not always--more affordable than single-family housing. The CD-ROM included with the report includes detailed information on research methodology and data sources and summarizes the literature and public-policy document review undertaken by the authors.
Download or read book Zoning as a Barrier to Multifamily Housing Development written by Gerrit Knaap and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Zoning Laws written by William A. Fischel and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1987-08 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land use controls can affect the quality of the environment, the provision of public services, the distribution of income and wealth, the development of natural resources, and the growth of the national economy. The Economics of Zoning Laws is the first book to apply the modern economic theory of property rights to all major aspects of zoning. Zoning laws are neither irrational constrints on otherwise efficient markets nor disinterested attempts to correct market failure. Rather, zoning must be viewed as a collective property right, vested in local governments and administered by politicians who rationally repsond to their constituents and to developers as markets for development rights arise. The Economics of Zoning Laws develops the economic theories of property rights and public choice and applies them to three zoning controversies: the siting of a large industrial plant, the exclusionary zoning of the suburbs, and the constitutional protection of propery owners from excessive regulation. Economic and legal theory, William Fischel contends, suggest that payment of damages under the taking clause of the Constitution may provide the most effective remedy for excessive zoning regulations.
Download or read book Study of Subdivision Requirements as a Regulatory Barrier written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exclusionary Zoning written by George Muller and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Dream Revisited written by Ingrid Ellen and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A half century after the Fair Housing Act, despite ongoing transformations of the geography of privilege and poverty, residential segregation by race and income continues to shape urban and suburban neighborhoods in the United States. Why do people live where they do? What explains segregation’s persistence? And why is addressing segregation so complicated? The Dream Revisited brings together a range of expert viewpoints on the causes and consequences of the nation’s separate and unequal living patterns. Leading scholars and practitioners, including civil rights advocates, affordable housing developers, elected officials, and fair housing lawyers, discuss the nature of and policy responses to residential segregation. Essays scrutinize the factors that sustain segregation, including persistent barriers to mobility and complex neighborhood preferences, and its consequences from health to home finance and from policing to politics. They debate how actively and in what ways the government should intervene in housing markets to foster integration. The book features timely analyses of issues such as school integration, mixed income housing, and responses to gentrification from a diversity of viewpoints. A probing examination of a deeply rooted problem, The Dream Revisited offers pressing insights into the changing face of urban inequality.
Download or read book Creating Density written by Christopher Serkin and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper appears in the Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, in a volume honoring Vicki Been. An emerging “liberaltarian consensus” objects to the costs created by land use regulations. Reformers argue that in the absence of restrictive zoning, multifamily housing and apartment buildings would proliferate. This would create greater density and all manner of benefits: unlocking economic gains, undermining zoning's racist propensities, and reducing carbon emissions. But the benefits of zoning reform are likely to be more context-dependent than reformers admit. Some American cities with the lightest land use regulations, like Houston and Phoenix, are also the least dense. Telling a Panglossian story about zoning reform and overclaiming its benefits risks pushing too far. Indeed, a real problem with the current debate about zoning reform is the failure to be clear about the endgame, making tradeoffs difficult to evaluate. In fact, what appears to be a growing consensus for reform hides three very different possible goals of reform efforts. The first is simply to remove unnecessarily burdensome regulations but not radical reform. The second reflects a changing view about optimal city size. While reformers in this camp believe that zoning limits in thriving urban centers are currently drawn too restrictively, they do not reject regulatory limits on growth and density everywhere or in the abstract. The third possible endgame is considerably more radical and ideologically anti-regulatory. It implicitly presumes that regulation should never restrict housing development, regardless of local conditions and ecological limits. This Symposium piece criticizes the current state of the debate over zoning reform for glossing over these differences. And it argues, specifically, that the liberaltarian approach will not necessarily lead to greater density as some reformers claim. It seeks to reintroduce a note of scholarly caution into what has become an increasingly heated political debate.
Download or read book Zoning Rules written by William A. Fischel and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Zoning has for a century enabled cities to chart their own course. It is a useful and popular institution, enabling homeowners to protect their main investment and provide safe neighborhoods. As home values have soared in recent years, however, this protection has accelerated to the degree that new housing development has become unreasonably difficult and costly. The widespread Not In My Backyard (NIMBY) syndrome is driven by voters’ excessive concern about their home values and creates barriers to growth that reach beyond individual communities. The barriers contribute to suburban sprawl, entrench income and racial segregation, retard regional immigration to the most productive cities, add to national wealth inequality, and slow the growth of the American economy. Some state, federal, and judicial interventions to control local zoning have done more harm than good. More effective approaches would moderate voters’ demand for local-land use regulation—by, for example, curtailing federal tax subsidies to owner-occupied housing"--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Intensity Zoning written by Frederick Haigh Bair and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report shows how the system of simplified land-use-intensity (LUI) can be used to control attached and multifamily uses in existing districts and also to preset land-use intensity to correspond with comprehensive plans in future rezonings.
Download or read book The Crisis of America s Cities written by Randall Bartlett and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 1998 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thoroughly unique perspective to the study of cities, this is the only available book that discusses how space is used in America and how it changes as the logic of location evolves historically. Bartlett starts with the assumption that cities are fundamentally unnatural phenomena and unravels the interactions of technological advances that have made cities possible and the policies that have given them shape. Bartlett examines --how current policies respond to and affect the organization of space (covering housing, transportation, government, and other urban issues) --the future of American cities: how they will impact and be impacted on by changing commercial and labor markets and by the problems of poverty and cultural change --the difficulties in and possibilities for overcoming social dilemmas where the best choices for individuals may lead to outcomes that are collectively worse. Anyone concerned about the future of America's cities will find this book invaluable.
Download or read book Regional Approaches to Affordable Housing written by Stuart Meck and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do regional approaches to affordable housing actually result in housing production and, if so, how? Regional Approaches to Affordable Housing answers these critical questions and more. Evaluating 23 programs across the nation, the report begins by tracing the history of regional housing planning in the U.S. and defining contemporary big picture issues on housing affordability. It examines fair-share regional housing planning in three states and one metropolitan area, and follows with an appraisal of regional housing trust funds--a new phenomenon. Also assessed are an incentive program in the Twin Cities region and affordable housing appeals statutes in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. The study looks at recent private-sector initiatives to promote affordable housing production in the San Francisco Bay area and Chicago. A concluding chapter proposes a set of best and second-best practices. Supplementing the report are appendices containing an extensive annotated bibliography, a research note on housing need forecasting and fair-share allocation formulas, a complete list of state enabling legislation authorizing local housing planning, and two model state acts.
Download or read book Do Multi Family Housing Zoning Ordinances Affect Segregation in California written by Linn Groft and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single-family housing zoning was initially used, in some instances, as a tool to promote and reinforce racial segregation across the United States, and has since become known as a form of “exclusionary” zoning. This paper considers whether zoning for multi-family housing can in turn be used as a policy tool to promote racial integration. More specifically, I use data from the 2018 Terner California Residential Land Use Survey (TCRLUS) and the U.S. Census Bureau to study the relationship between the share of multi-family housing zoning and residential segregation levels among municipal jurisdictions in California. The limited existing literature on this topic generally suggests that less restrictive zoning is associated with lower levels of racial segregation between Black and White residents in the United States. I build on that literature by using a more comprehensive segregation measure for Black, White, and Hispanic residents; by focusing on California in particular; and by controlling for segregation at an earlier time period to reduce the potential for bias in my estimates. My results suggest that there is a small, but significant, negative relationship between the share of multi-family housing zoning and the level of residential segregation in local jurisdictions in California. These results are consistent with those of previous studies that suggest an inverse relationship between segregation levels and the share of land zoned for multi-family housing and a positive relationship between the share of land zoned for single-family housing and the concentration of white residents.
Download or read book Not in My Back Yard written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993-12 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The final report of the blue-ribbon commission appointed by Pres. Bush to study government regulations that drive up housing costs for American families. Examined the effects of rules, regulations, and red tape at all levels of government on the costs of housing in America. Graphs.
Download or read book Zoning as an Element in City Planning and for Protection of Property Values Public Safety and Public Health written by Lawson Purdy and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book America s Frozen Neighborhoods written by Robert C. Ellickson and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines local zoning policies and suggests reforms that states and the federal government might adopt to counter the negative effects of exclusionary zoning "[A] tale . . . well told by Robert Ellickson. . . . It's a valuable contribution to the growing movement against NIMBYism."--Peter Coy, New York Times In this book, Robert Ellickson asserts that local zoning policies are the most consequential regulatory program in the United States. Many localities have created barriers to the development of less costly forms of housing. Numerous economists have found that current zoning practices inflict major damage on the national economy. Using Silicon Valley, the Greater New Haven, Connecticut, area, and the northwestern portion of Greater Austin, Texas, as case studies, Ellickson shows in unprecedented detail how the zoning system works and recommends steps for its reform. Zoning regulations, Ellickson demonstrates, are hard to dislodge once localities have enacted them. He develops metrics to measure the existence and costs of exclusionary zoning, and suggests reforms that states and the federal government could undertake to counter the detrimental effects of local policies. These include the cartelization of housing markets and the aggravation of racial and class segregation.
Download or read book Zoning written by Elliott Sclar and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoning is at once a key technical competency of urban planning practice and a highly politicized regulatory tool. How this contradiction between the technical and political is resolved has wide-reaching implications for urban equity and sustainability, two key concerns of urban planning. Moving beyond critiques of zoning as a regulatory hindrance to local affordability or merely the rulebook that guides urban land use, this textbook takes an institutional approach to zoning, positioning its practice within the larger political, social, and economic conflicts that shape local access for diverse groups across urban space. Foregrounding the historical-institutional setting in which zoning is embedded allows planners to more deeply engage with the equity and sustainability issues related to zoning practice. By approaching zoning from a social science and planning perspective, this text engages students of urban planning, policy, and design with several key questions relevant to the realities of zoning and land regulation they encounter in practice. Why has the practice of zoning evolved as it has? How do social and economic institutions shape zoning in contemporary practice? How does zoning relate to the other competencies of planning, such as housing and transport? Where and why has zoning, an act of physical land use regulation, replaced social planning? These questions, grounded in examples and cases, will prompt readers to think critically about the potential and limitations of zoning. By reforging the important links between zoning practice and the concerns of the urban planning profession, this text provides a new framework for considering zoning in the 21st century and beyond.
Download or read book Missing Middle Housing written by Daniel G. Parolek and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, there is a tremendous mismatch between the available housing stock in the US and the housing options that people want and need. The post-WWII, auto-centric, single-family-development model no longer meets the needs of residents. Urban areas in the US are experiencing dramatically shifting household and cultural demographics and a growing demand for walkable urban living. Missing Middle Housing, a term coined by Daniel Parolek, describes the walkable, desirable, yet attainable housing that many people across the country are struggling to find. Missing Middle Housing types—such as duplexes, fourplexes, and bungalow courts—can provide options along a spectrum of affordability. In Missing Middle Housing, Parolek, an architect and urban designer, illustrates the power of these housing types to meet today’s diverse housing needs. With the benefit of beautiful full-color graphics, Parolek goes into depth about the benefits and qualities of Missing Middle Housing. The book demonstrates why more developers should be building Missing Middle Housing and defines the barriers cities need to remove to enable it to be built. Case studies of built projects show what is possible, from the Prairie Queen Neighborhood in Omaha, Nebraska to the Sonoma Wildfire Cottages, in California. A chapter from urban scholar Arthur C. Nelson uses data analysis to highlight the urgency to deliver Missing Middle Housing. Parolek proves that density is too blunt of an instrument to effectively regulate for twenty-first-century housing needs. Complete industries and systems will have to be rethought to help deliver the broad range of Missing Middle Housing needed to meet the demand, as this book shows. Whether you are a planner, architect, builder, or city leader, Missing Middle Housing will help you think differently about how to address housing needs for today’s communities.
