Download or read book Xenobiotic Adaptation and Potential Genetic Targets for Control of the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa Decemlineata written by Jonathan Hernandez and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is a major agriculture pest of potato, tomato and eggplant leading to serious crop production loss worldwide. Currently, synthetic insecticides are the main management tactics to control CPB. However, CPB has robust ability to develop resistance to all major classes of insecticides used for its control. One of the major mechanisms that contributes to CPB developing insecticide resistance is upregulated expression of detoxification enzymes including Cytochrome P450s, Carboxylesterases (CCEs), Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glycosyl transferases (UGTs) and ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters). Here, a novel GST termed LdGST8 was identified from the CPB transcriptome and its function had been characterized to determine its role in xenobiotic detoxification. GSTs constitute a large family of multifunctional enzymes that are involved in Phase II metabolic detoxification of xenobiotics. GSTs catalyze the conjugation reaction of lipophilic compounds with the thiol group of reduced glutathione resulting in more water-soluble and less toxic products that can be excreted out of organisms. Arthropod GSTs confer adaptation to xenobiotics through metabolism or sequestration of xenobiotics, or metabolism oxidative stress products induced by xenobiotic exposure. To date, the roles of GSTs in xenobiotic adaptation in CPB have not been well studied. LdGST8 was found to be significantly overexpressed in a neonicotinoid resistant strain compared to a susceptible strain. LdGST8 was expressed at the highest levels in the adult female stage as well as midgut and Malpighian tubule tissues. In addition, purified recombinant LdGST8 protein was used to determine enzyme activity and kinetic parameters with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), glutathione (GSH), 4-hydroxynonenal, and trans-2-hexanal as substrates. The results showed that LdGST8 exhibited higher kcat/Km for trans-2-hexenal and 4-hydroxynonenal than the model substrate CDNB indicating preference for the reactive carbonyl compounds and the potential role of LdGST8 as scavenger of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) resulting from the oxidative stress response when CPB is exposed to insecticides. To combat CPB and reduce the usage of synthetic insecticides, new methods must be developed. One of such methods is the development of RNA interference (RNAi)-based biopesticides by knocking down species specific genetic target genes. The ideal target genes can be lethal genes or genes that are involved in important physiological processes, e.g. xenobiotic adaptation, immunity, development. Serine protease inhibitors (Serpins) which are essential proteins known to have diverse roles in insect immunity are promising genetic targets of the CPB. In this study, a novel serpin (LdSerpin1) was selected and identified from the CPB transcriptome. RNAi feeding assays were performed in 2nd instar larvae and adults to explore if LdSerpin1 would be an ideal genetic target for RNAi-based biopesticides. It was observed that beetles ingested dsRNA of LdSerpin1 stopped feeding which resulted in weight loss and mortality. Developmental and spatial gene expression analysis revealed that the highest developmental expression of LdSerpin1 was found in one day old eggs. The highest tissue expression of LdSerpin1 was identified in fat body and head and the lowest expression was detected in leg and Malpighian tubule. Additionally, induction assays were conducted to explore the potential inducible response of LdSerpin1 to mechanical injury. The results showed that LdSerpin1 could be induced by mechanical injury 30 minutes after removal of the foreleg. Based on this data, we proposed that LdSerpin1 plays a role in immune system of CPB and could be a potential genetic target for development of RNAi-based biopesticides for CPB control.
Download or read book Insect Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors written by Steeve Hervé Thany and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to summarize our understanding on the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This area of research received great impetus from the identification of the first subunit sequences to be used as neonicotinoid insecticide target sites. Although a book of this nature can provide the details only of commonly published results, it is hoped that it may provide a useful guide to the newcomer to the field as well as to point out some of the future challenges. For example, we need to determine the precise subunit nomenclature of insect nicotinic receptors. This nomenclature varies amongst species and this led to some of the early confusion that persists. We need to be precise in identifying the subunit composition of native insect nicotinic receptor subtypes, their functional properties and physiological roles.
Download or read book Insect Pests of Potato written by Andrei Alyokhin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully revised and updated second edition of Insect Pests of Potato now includes an opening section with a basic overview of agronomic and economic issues as they relate to potato production. It also features a new section that reviews potato production, as well as problems caused by insect pests and solutions to these problems, in all major potato-growing regions of the world. Further, a new section discusses theoretical foundations of potato pest management and includes chapters on ecological theory, evolutionary theory, and a case study on their applications to elucidate differences between Eastern and Western populations of Colorado potato beetle in North America. There is also a new chapter on the foundations of integrated pest management and their applications in controlling insect pests. The sections on the biology of main pests and on control methods now feature the latest information, including emphasis on recent advances in molecular biology and genomics. Information on the use of dsRNA technology for pest control is also included, as are new chapters on potato ladybirds and on hemipterous pests other than aphids and psyllids. This second edition provides improved integration and logical connections among chapters and expanded geographic scope of coverage making it the ideal reference on the topic. Fully revised and updated with new sections on potato-growing regions and theoretical foundations of potato pest management using ecological theory, evolutionary theory and relevant case study insights Contains improved integration and logical connections among chapters, expanded geographic scope of coverage, and scientific advances Emphasizes recent advances in molecular biology and genomics, including the use of dsRNA technology for pest control
Download or read book Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods written by Richard Roush and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bruce E. Tabashnik and Richard T. Roush Pesticide resistance is an increasingly urgent worldwide problem. Resistance to one or more pesticides has been documented in more than 440 species of insects and mites. Resistance in vectors of human dise8se, particularly malaria-transmit ting mosquitoes, is a serious threat to public health in many nations. Agricultural productivity is jeopardized because of widespread resistance in crop and livestock pests. Serious resistance problems are also evident in pests of the urban environ ment, most notably cockroaches. Better understanding of pesticide resistance is needed to devise techniques for managing resistance (Le. , slowing, preventing, or reversing development of resistance in pests and promoting it in beneficial natural enemies). At the same time, resistance is a dramatic example of evolution. Knowledge of resistance can thus provide fundamental insights into evolution, genetics, physiology, and ecology. Resistance management can help to reduce the harmful effects of pesticides by decreasing rates of pesticide use and prolonging the efficacy of environmentally safe pesticides. In response to resistance problems, the concentration or frequency of pesticide applications is often increased. Effective resistance management would reduce this type of increased pesticide use. Improved monitoring of resis tance would also decrease the number of ineffective pesticide applications that are made when a resistance problem exists but has not been diagnosed. Resistance often leads to replacement of one pesticide with another that is more expensive and less compatible with alternative controls.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Biology written by Don Rittner and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2004-08 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains approximately 800 alphabetical entries, prose essays on important topics, line illustrations, and black-and-white photographs.
Download or read book Extracellular Composite Matrices in Arthropods written by Ephraim Cohen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasis is placed on the elaborate cuticular matrices in insects and crustaceans, spider and insect silks, sialomes of phytophagous and blood-feeding arthropods as well as on secretions of male and female accessory glands. Focus is placed largely on insects, due to the extensive body of published research that in part is the result of available whole genome sequences of several model species (in particular Drosophila melanogaster) and accessible ESTs for other species. Such advances have facilitated fundamental insights into genomic, proteomic and molecular biology-based physiology. This new volume contains comprehensive contributions on extracellular composite matrices in arthropods. The building blocks of such matrices are formed in and secreted by single layered epithelial cells into exterior domains where their final assembly takes place.Additionally, the unique mechanical properties of natural biocomposites like chitin/chitosan, the crustacean mineralized exoskeleton, the pliant protein resilin or insect and spider silks, have inspired basic and applied research that yield sophistical biomimetics and structural biocomposite hybrids important for future industrial and biomedical use. In summary, this book provides an invaluable vast source of basic and applied information for a plethora of scientists as well as textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students.
Download or read book Biology of Chrysomelidae written by P. Jolivet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As in most groups of insects, scientific research on the Chrysomelidae began in Europe in 1758, with the description of a few genera and species by the Scandinavian entomologists C. von Linne, I.C. Fabricius, and others. As the 19th century dawned, many systematic entomologists took up the study of chrysomelid beetles, together with other groups of beetles, and many new species and genera were described from all parts of the world. This trend has, of course, continued down to the present time. However, researches on the Chrysomelidae did not remain restricted to systematics, and many new lines of study have been followed, especially in the present century, by workers who have benefitted from the advances made in related fields of pure and applied entomology. Much has been achieved in the study of the Chrysomelidae, as elsewhere, and it is the aim of the present book to provide a summary and guide to these achievements. It is also to be expected that this book will provide a stimulus for further studies on the Chrysomelidae, so that we can anticipate continuing progress in our knowledge and understanding of this group through the endeavours of an ever-increasing number of scientists. I offer my congratulations to all concerned in the preparation of this book and my best wishes for its success.
Download or read book Sustainable Pest Management in Date Palm Current Status and Emerging Challenges written by Waqas Wakil and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae), is an important palm species cultivated in the arid regions of the world since pre-historic times and traditionally associated with the life and culture of the people in the Middle-East and North Africa which are the pre-dominant date palm growing regions worldwide. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN estimates that there are over 100 million date palms with an annual production of over 7.5 million tonnes A recent report on the arthropod fauna of date palm, enlists 112 species of insects and mites associated with date palm worldwide including 22 species attacking stored dates. Enhanced monoculture of date palm in several date palm growing countries coupled with climate change, unrestrained use of chemical insecticides and extensive international trade is likely to impact the pest complex and the related natural enemies in the date agro-ecosystems. In view of the importance of date palm as an emerging crop of the future and the need to develop and deploy ecologically sound and socially acceptable IPM techniques, this book aims to comprehensively address issues related to the biology and sustainable management of major insect and mite pests of date palm by assessing the current IPM strategies available, besides addressing emerging challenges and future research priorities. The issues pertaining to the role of semiochemicals in date palm IPM involving new strategies revolving around “attract and kill” and “push-pull” technologies, phytoplasmas and their insect vectors with implications for date palm, innovative methods for managing storage pests of dates and knowledge gaps in devicing sustainable strategies for the management of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) are also addressed
Download or read book Global Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods written by Mark Edward Whalon and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesticide resistance has had a substantial impact on crop production and has been an important driver of change in modern agriculture, animal production and human health. Due to increased selection pressure, this resistance can be linked to export/import health and phytosanitary standards, invasive species eradication projects and global pandemics. However, the development of new biological and chemical products and the use of integrated pest management strategies have been successful in reducing pesticide resistance. Focusing specifically on arthropods, this book provides a comprehensive review of relevant issues in pesticide resistance. Detailed listings and references to all documented reports of resistance from around the world are included as well as discussions on the mechanisms and evolution of resistance and management techniques.
Download or read book Biological Invasions and Its Management in China written by Fanghao Wan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book discusses invasive-species problems in agriculture, forests and aquatic ecosystems, highlighting the invasive mechanisms and management of the selected invasive species. Biological invasion has become a serious global ecological and economic problem that deserves particular attention from both government officials and scientists. This volume focuses on three key scientific areas: 1) population establishment and spreading mechanisms of the selected invasive species; 2) ecology adaptation, population growth, expansion and evolution of invasive species; and 3) impact of bio-invasion on the ecosystem structure and function at community and ecosystem levels. The presented research will result in techniques for better management of invasive species.
Download or read book Bioremediation and Biotechnology written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-26 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxic substances threatens aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and ultimately human health. The book is a thoughtful effort in bringing forth the role of biotechnology for bioremediation and restoration of the ecosystems degraded by toxic and heavy metal pollution. The introductory chapters of the book deal with the understanding of the issues concerned with the pollution caused by toxic elements and heavy metals and their impacts on the different ecosystems followed by the techniques involved in monitoring of the pollution. These techniques include use of bio-indicators as well as modern techniques for the assessment and monitoring of toxicants in the environment. Detailed chapters discussing the role of microbial biota, aquatic plants, terrestrial plants to enhance the accumulation efficiency of these toxic and heavy metals are followed by remediation techniques involving myco-remediation, bio-pesticides, bio-fertilizers, phyto-remediation and rhizo-filtration. A sizable portion of the book has been dedicated to the advanced bio-remediation techniques which are finding their way from the laboratory to the field for revival of the degraded ecosystems. These involve bio-films, micro-algae, genetically modified plants and filter feeders. Furthermore, the book is a detailed comprehensive account for the treatment technologies from unsustainable to sustainable. We believe academicians, researchers and students will find this book informative as a complete reference for biotechnological intervention for sustainable treatment of pollution.
Download or read book Sustainable Agrochemistry written by Sílvio Vaz Jr. and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a broad range of technologies for sustainable agrochemistry, e.g. semiochemicals for pest management, nanotechnology for release of eco-friendly agrochemicals, and green chemistry principles for agriculture. It provides a concise introduction to sustainable agrochemistry for a professional audience, and highlights the main scientific and technological approaches that can be applied to modern agrochemistry. It also discusses various available technologies for reducing the negative impacts of agrochemicals on the environment and human health.
Download or read book Cold Adapted Organisms written by Rosa Margesin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing the latest knowledge of the ecology and the physiology of cold-adapted microorganisms, plants and animals, this book explains the mechanisms of cold-adaptation on the enzymatic and molecular level, including results from the first crystal structures of enzymes of cold-adapted organisms.
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Insecticide Resistance written by Christopher A. Mullin and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the most recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which insects acquire resistance to natural, synthetic, and bioengineered insecticides. Examines the major identified molecular mechanisms including gene amplification and changes in structural genes or gene expression that confer resistance. Also compares mechanisms among Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, and Orthoptera and summarizes biochemical and genetic strategies that can be used to delay the development of resistance to insect control agents for the future.
Download or read book Microbial Biotechnology written by Jayanta Kumar Patra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-07 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book, is a collection of 20 articles describing the recent advancements in the application of microbial technology for sustainable development of agriculture and environment. This book covers many aspects like agricultural nanotechnology, promising applications of biofuels production by algae, advancements and application of microbial keratinase, biocontrol agents, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, bacterial siderophore, use of microbes in detoxifying organophosphate pesticides, bio-surfactants, biofilms, bioremediation degradation of phenol and phenolic compounds and bioprospecting of endophytes. This book intends to bring the latest research advancements and technologies in the area of microbial technology in one platform, providing the readers an up-to-date view on the area. This book would serve as an excellent reference book for researchers and students in the agricultural, environmental and microbiology fields.
Download or read book Handbook of Biology written by Arihant Experts and published by Arihant Publications India limited. This book was released on 2019-07-22 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of higher level has too many concept and remembering all them on tips all the time is not an easy task. Handbook of Biology is an important, useful and compact reference book suitable for everyday study, problem solving or exam revision for class XI – XII, Medical entrances and other medical Competitive. This book is a multi-purpose quick revision resource that contains almost all key notes, Diagrams, Flow Charts, Terms and Definitions that all students & professionals in biology will want to have this essential reference book within easy reach. Its unique format displays flow charts & diagrams clearly and places them in the context and crisply identifies describes all the variables involved, summary about every equation and formula that one might want while learning biology. A stimulating and crisp extract of fundamental biology is to be enjoyed by the beginners and experts equally. The book is best- selling from its first edition and one of the most useful books of its type. Table of contents The Living World, Biology Classification, Plant Kingdom, Animal Kingdom, Morphology of Flowering Plants, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, Structural Organisation in Animals, Cell: The Unit of Life, Biomolecules, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, Transport in Plants, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, Respiration in Plants, Plant Growth and Development, Digestion and Absorption, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Locomotion and Movement, Neural Control and Coordination, Chemical Coordination and Integration, Reproduction in Organisms, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, Human Reproduction, Reproductive Health, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, Evolution, Human Health and Diseases, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, Microbes in Human Welfare, Biotechnology: Principles and Processes, Biotechnology and Its Applications, Organisms and Population, Ecosystem, Biodiversity and Conversation, Environmental Issues, Appendix.
Download or read book Insect Control written by Lawrence I. Gilbert and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-05-28 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication of the extensive 7-volume work Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science provided library customers and their end-users with a complete reference encompassing important developments and achievements in modern insect science, including reviews on the ecdysone receptor, lipocalins, and bacterial toxins. One of the most popular areas in entomology is control, and this derivative work, Insect Control, taps into a previously unapproached market – the end user who desires to purchase a comprehensive yet affordable work on important aspects of this topic. Contents will include timeless articles covering insect growth- and development-disrupting insecticides, mechanisms and use of Bacillus thuringiensis, biology and genomics of polydnaviruses, pheromones: function and use in insect control, and more. New summaries for each chapter will give an overview of developments in the related article since its original publication. Articles selected by the known and respected editor-in-chief and co-editor of the original MRW The articles are classic reviews offering broad coverage of essential topics in insect control, with special addenda including author notes on the chapter since its original publication Introduction by the editors puts the selected body of work in context for this volume, highlighting the need for entomologists and related researchers to have these reviews in their personal collection
