Download or read book Working with Ion Selective Electrodes written by K. Cammann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first section introduces the electrochemical nomenclature necessary for under standing the literature on ion-selective electrodes and discusses the general principles behind all electrodes. The second section is concerned with the problems which arise in any accurate elec trode potential measurement in practice. Here the most important reference electrodes are discussed with special reference to their use in conjunction with ion-selective elec trodes. From experience, almost 75% of all problems which arise when working with ion-selective electrodes are on account of the reference electrode. After the reader is aquainted with the basic problems involved, the third section deals with individual ion-selective electrodes; their properties, handling and methods of pre paration. Here the discussion of these electrodes is not arranged according to the spe cies detected, but rather according to the kind of construction, since from this view point characteristic properties are much the same and handling procedures need only be described once for an entire series of similar electrodes. The fourth section discusses amplifiers. Here the problems of high-ohmic EMF meas urements such as noise level, insulation, static charging and ground loops are discussed. The fifth section is devoted to the various evaluation methods. Here a few schemes and examples are provided to indicate optimum practical procedures and the accura cies attainable with the various methods are discussed. The last section describes special set-ups such as clinical flow-thru cells, microelec trodes for measuring intracellular ionic activities, industrial on-line techniques and continuous environmental protection monitors.
Download or read book Working with Ion Selective Electrodes Chemical Laboratory Practice written by K. Camman and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electroanalytical Chemistry written by Gary A. Mabbott and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a strong foundation in electrochemical principles and best practices Written for undergraduate majors in chemistry and chemical engineering, this book teaches the basic principles of electroanalytical chemistry and illustrates best practices through the use of case studies of organic reactions and catalysis using voltammetric methods and of the measurement of clinical and environmental analytes by potentiometric techniques. It provides insight beyond the field of analysis as students address problems arising in many areas of science and technology. The book also emphasizes electrochemical phenomena and conceptual models to help readers understand the influence of experimental conditions and the interpretation of results for common potentiometric and voltammetric methods. Electroanalytical Chemistry: Principles, Best Practices, and Case Studies begins by introducing some basic concepts in electrical phenomena. It then moves on to a chapter that examines the potentiometry of oxidation-reduction processes, followed by another on the potentiometry of ion selective electrodes. Other sections look at: applications of ion selective electrodes; controlled potential methods; case studies in controlled potential methods; and instrumentation. The book also features several appendixes covering: Ionic Strength, Activity and Activity Coefficients; The Nicolsky-Eisenman Equation; The Henderson Equation for Liquid Junction Potentials; Selected Standard Electrode Potentials; and The Nernst Equation Derivation. Introduces the principles of modern electrochemical sensors and instrumental chemical analysis using potentiometric and voltammetric methods Develops conceptual models underlying electrochemical phenomena and useful equations Illustrates best practice with short case studies of organic reaction mechanisms using voltammetry and quantitative analysis with ion selective electrodes Offers instructors the opportunity to select focus areas and tailor the book to their course by providing a collection of shorter texts, each dedicated to a single field Intended as one of a series of modules for teaching undergraduate courses in instrumental chemical analysis Electroanalytical Chemistry: Principles, Best Practices, and Case Studies is an ideal textbook for undergraduate majors in chemistry and chemical engineering taking instrumental analysis courses. It would also benefit professional chemists who need an introduction to potentiometry or voltammetry.
Download or read book Oxygen 17 and Silicon 29 written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it was shown very early [1] that the isotope 29Si is very valuable for NMR research, severe technical difficulties had to be overcome before silicon spectra could be recorded. This was due to the low sensitivity of the isotope resulting from its low gyro magnetic ratio, its low abundance and the rather long relaxation times. The introduction of the Fourier-Transform-Technique (FT-NMR) helped to surmount most of these problems, with the result, that more and more papers concerning silicon NMR appear. Thus, it seems now that most of the salient features of 29Si-NMR are known today. Some resume of the state of the art of 29Si_NMR have been reported [1-4]. Although the theory of 29Si-NMR is not yet understood beyond the basic features, it promises to be of value mainly for two reasons: 1. Silicon is strategically located in the Periodic Table of the elements between the elements carbon, aluminum and phosphorus. For an unified theory of chemical shifts and coupling constants of the heavier elements silicon NMR values will be important. 2. The normal coordination number of silicon is four. If the current view of the chemical shifts of the heavier elements is correct, then the paramagnetic part is dominant for the measured shift data. Two of the parameters used for the calcu lation of the paramagnetic part are bond orders and angles. Bond angles are rare ly determined experimentally with high precision.
Download or read book Analytical Instrumentation written by BelaG. Liptak and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Instrumentation examines analyzers for detecting pollutants and other hazardous matter, including carbon monoxide, chlorine, fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, mercury, and phosphorous. Also covers selection, application, and sampling procedures.
Download or read book Chemical Sensors and Biosensors written by Florinel-Gabriel Banica and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-08-15 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key features include: Self-assessment questions and exercises Chapters start with essential principles, then go on to address more advanced topics More than 1300 references to direct the reader to key literature and further reading Highly illustrated with 450 figures, including chemical structures and reactions, functioning principles, constructive details and response characteristics Chemical sensors are self-contained analytical devices that provide real-time information on chemical composition. A chemical sensor integrates two distinct functions: recognition and transduction. Such devices are widely used for a variety of applications, including clinical analysis, environment monitoring and monitoring of industrial processes. This text provides an up-to-date survey of chemical sensor science and technology, with a good balance between classical aspects and contemporary trends. Topics covered include: Structure and properties of recognition materials and reagents, including synthetic, biological and biomimetic materials, microorganisms and whole-cells Physicochemical basis of various transduction methods (electrical, thermal, electrochemical, optical, mechanical and acoustic wave-based) Auxiliary materials used e.g. synthetic and natural polymers, inorganic materials, semiconductors, carbon and metallic materials properties and applications of advanced materials (particularly nanomaterials) in the production of chemical sensors and biosensors Advanced manufacturing methods Sensors obtained by combining particular transduction and recognition methods Mathematical modeling of chemical sensor processes Suitable as a textbook for graduate and final year undergraduate students, and also for researchers in chemistry, biology, physics, physiology, pharmacology and electronic engineering, this bookis valuable to anyone interested in the field of chemical sensors and biosensors.
Download or read book Tables of Spectral Data for Structure Determination of Organic Compounds written by Ernö Pretsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although numerical data are, in principle, universal, the compilations presented in this book are extensively annotated and interleaved with text. This translation of the second German edition has been prepared to facilitate the use of this work, with all its valuable detail, by the large community of English-speaking scientists. Translation has also provided an opportunity to correct and revise the text, and to update the nomenclature. Fortunately, spectroscopic data and their relationship with structure do not change much with time so one can predict that this book will, for a long period of time, continue to be very useful to organic chemists involved in the identification of organic compounds or the elucidation of their structure. Klaus Biemann Cambridge, MA, April 1983 Preface to the First German Edition Making use of the information provided by various spectroscopic tech niques has become a matter of routine for the analytically oriented organic chemist. Those who have graduated recently received extensive training in these techniques as part of the curriculum while their older colleagues learned to use these methods by necessity. One can, therefore, assume that chemists are well versed in the proper choice of the methods suitable for the solution of a particular problem and to translate the experimental data into structural information.
Download or read book Frontiers of Chemistry written by Keith J. Laidler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontiers of Chemistry reviews the plenary and keynote lectures presented in the 28th International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Congress. The book discusses the future development and applications of chemistry. The text is divided into two main parts, where the first part covers the plenary lectures and the second part covers the keynote lectures. Part 2 is organized into sections, according to contents, such as the role of chemistry in the solution of energy problems; the study of the environment; and the beneficiation of resources. The book will be of great interest to chemists, since it tackles topics that are significant in the advancement of the field of chemistry.
Download or read book The Analysis of Nuclear Materials and Their Environments written by Claude André Degueldre and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-11 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of passive and interactive analytical techniques for nuclear materials. The book aims to update readers on new techniques available and provide an introduction for those who are new to the topic or are looking to move into actinides and nuclear materials science. The characterization of actinide species and radioactive materials is vital for understanding how these elements and radioactive isotopes are formed and behave and how these materials can be improved. The analysis of the actinides or radioactive materials goes beyond spent fuel science to the applicable complete fuel cycle and including analysis of reactor materials.
Download or read book Biotelemetry XIV written by Thomas Penzel and published by Tectum Verlag DE. This book was released on 1998 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Sensing with Solid State Devices written by Marc J. Madou and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a lucid presentation for chemists, electrical engineers, surface scientists, and solid-state physicists, of the fundamentals underlying the construction of simple and small chemical sensors. The first part of the book is a review of the theoretical background in solid state physics, chemistry and electronics. Semiconductor and solid electrolyte bulk models are reviewed as well as solid/gas and solid/liquid interface models. Membranes and catalysis theory are also covered expansively. The second part is a discussion of more complete sensor devices, their essential components, and of the important developments in this area over the last fifteen to twenty years. The book provides guidance through the multidisciplinary world of chemical sensors. It should be understandable to students with some training in physics and chemistry and a general knowledge of electronics. Finally, comments on economic considerations in the development of new sensor products and suggestionsfor future research and development should be of value to company R&D planners.
Download or read book Supplement to Manual on Water fourth Edition written by C. E. Hamilton and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1983 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Field Ion Microscopy written by R. Wagner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the recent progress in developing various microanalytical tools of better spatial resolution and more sensitivity to chemical analyses for the study of various defects in metallic solids the Field-Ion Microscope (FIM) still remains the only instrument up to now to resolve single atoms in the surface of a metal. Fifteen years after Milller!) invented the FIM he was also the first to combine the FIM with a time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometer - the so-called Atom-Probe FlM - to identify the chemical nature of single atoms imaged in the FIM2). Originally the motivation to develop the ToF atom probe was to use this method to obtain some more fundamental understanding of field ionization and field evaporation, the most basic physical processes in field-ion microscopy. Even after the successful combination of a FIM with a ToF atom probe had been accomplished, the technique was rarely applied to metallurgical investigations since for a fairly long period only refractory metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, iridium, etc. could be imaged in the FIM. How ever, these metals do not playa very important role in metallurgy. Only when Turner et 3 al. ) substituted the conventional phosphorescent screen of the field-ion microscope with micro-channel electron multiplier arrays, termed micro channel plates, did it become possible to image in the FIM the less refractory metals like Fe, Cu, Ni and even AI.
Download or read book Handbook of Water Analysis written by Leo M.L. Nollet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-27 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work details water sampling and preservation methods by enumerating the different ways to measure physical, chemical, organoleptical, and radiological characteristics. It provides step-by-step descriptions of separation, residue determination, and cleanup techniques for a variety of fresh- and salt-waters. It also discusses information regarding the analysis and detection of bacteria and algae.
Download or read book Ionic Equilibrium written by James N. Butler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1998-04-13 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A celebrated classic in the field updated and expanded to includethe latest computerized calculation techniques In 1964, James N. Butler published a book in which he presentedsome simple graphical methods of performing acid-base, solubility,and complex formation equilibrium calculations. Today, both thebook and these methods have become standard for generations ofstudents and professionals in fields ranging from environmentalscience to analytical chemistry. Named a "Citation Classic" by theScience Citation Index in 1990, the book, Ionic Equilibrium,continues to be one of the most widely used texts on the subject.So why tamper with near-perfection by attempting a revision of thatclassic? The reason is simple-- the recent rapid development andwide availability of personal computers. In the revised Ionic Equilibrium, Dr. Butler updates his 1964 workby abandoning the slide rule and graph paper for the PCspreadsheet. He also expands the original coverage with extensivematerial on basic principles and recent research. The first part of Ionic Equilibrium is devoted to the fundamentalsof acid-base, solubility, and complex formation equilibria. In thesecond part, the author discusses oxidation-reduction equilibria,develops the principles of carbon dioxide equilibria, presents casestudies demonstrating the ways in which carbon dioxide equilibriaare used in physiology and oceanography, and explores thepossibility of a pH scale for brines. The concluding chapter,written by David R. Cogley, gives examples of general computerprograms that are capable of performing equilibrium calculations onsystems of many components. Replete with real-world examples, details of importantcalculations, and practical problems, Ionic Equilibrium is an idealcourse text for students of environmental chemistry, engineering,or health; analytical chemistry; oceanography; geochemistry;biochemistry; physical chemistry; and clinical chemistry. It isalso a valuable working resource for professionals in those fieldsas well as industrial chemists involved with solution chemistry.
Download or read book Biomedical Engineering Handbook written by Joseph D. Bronzino and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-12-28 with total page 1710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Category Biomedical Engineering Subcategory Contact Editor: Stern
Download or read book The Biomedical Engineering Handbook 1 written by Joseph D. Bronzino and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-02-15 with total page 1644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
