Download or read book Word Order in Indian Languages written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at the National Seminar on "Word Order in Indian Languages" organized by the Centre of Advanced Study in Linguistics, Osmania University.

Download or read book NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING written by VINEET CHAITANYA and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a Paninian perspective towards natural language processing. It has three objectives: (1) to introduce the reader to NLP, (2) to introduce the reader to Paninian Grammar (PG) which is the application of the original Paninian framework to the processing of modern Indian languages using the computer, (3) to compare Paninian Grammar (PG) framework with modern Western computational grammar frameworks.Indian languages like many other languages of the world have relatively free word order. They also have a rich system of case-endings and post-positions. In contrast to this, the majority of grammar frameworks and designed for English and other positional languages. The unique aspect of the computational grammar describes here is that it is designed for free word order languages and makes special use of case-endings and post-positions. Efficient parsers for the grammar are also described. The computational grammar is likely to be suitable for other free word order languages of the world.Second half of the book presents a comparison of Paninian Grammar (PG) with existing modern western computational grammars. It introduces three western grammar frameworks using examples from English: Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG), and Government and Binding (GB). The presentation does not assume any background on part of the reader regarding these frameworks. Each presentation is followed by either a discussion on applicability of the framework to free word order languages, or a comparison with PG framework.

Download or read book The Republic of India written by Alan Gledhill and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Dravidian Languages written by Bhadriraju Krishnamurti and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-01-16 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dravidian languages are spoken by over 200 million people in South Asia and in Diaspora communities around the world, and constitute the world's fifth largest language family. It consists of about 26 languages in total including Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada and Telugu, as well as over 20 non-literary languages. In this book, Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, one of the most eminent Dravidianists of our time, provides a comprehensive study of the phonological and grammatical structure of the whole Dravidian family from different aspects. He describes its history and writing systems, discusses its structure and typology, and considers its lexicon. Distant and more recent contacts between Dravidian and other language groups are also discussed. With its comprehensive coverage this book will be welcomed by all students of Dravidian languages and will be of interest to linguists in various branches of the discipline as well as Indologists.

Download or read book Word Order in Sanskrit and Universal Grammar written by J.F. Staal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1967-01-31 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph owes its existence to certain puzzles in universal grammar and the theory of language which led the author to an investigation of word order in Sanskrit and its possible analyses and descriptions. Not unexpectedly, the raw material was found to be too vast for a first-hand treatment even to be attempted. Rather surprisingly, however, its inter pretations by Indian and Western theorists and grammarians turned out to be so greatly at variance, that an analysis of these interpretations seemed rewarding. Accordingly, theoretical issues within the framework of generative grammar had to be faced anew, and alternative solutions suggested them selves. In this connexion the Sanskrit grammarians proved not only in spiring but positively helpful. This book may invite the accusation that it wilfully mixes disciplines. There were alternatives: one could try to write a history of the subject; or construct a merely formal edifice, leaving it to others to test its adequacy; or else one could make the notorious attempt to stick to the facts, which is not only unilluminating but also bound to fail. Any such self-imposed restrictions seemed to conflict with the original intent. And so it was decided not only to make available the results of the investigation into Sanskrit word order, but also to introduce a theory of universal grammar to account for these and other results.

Download or read book Basic Word Order RLE Linguistics B Grammar written by Russell S Tomlin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-03 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the frequencies of the six possible basic word (or constituent) orders (SOV, SVO, VSO, VOS, OSV, OVS) provides a typologically grounded explanation for those frequencies in terms of three independent, functional principles of linguistic organization. From a database of nearly 1,000 languages and their basic constituent orders, a sample of 400 languages was produced that is statistically representative of both the genetic and areal distributions of the world’s languages. This sample reveals the following relative frequencies (in order from high to low) of basic constituent order types: (1) SOV and SVO, (2) VSO, (3) VOS and OVS, (4) OSV. It is argued that these relative frequencies can be explained to be the result of the possible interactions of three fundamental functional principles of linguistic organization. Principle 1, the thematic information principle, specifies that initial position is the cross-linguistically favoured position for clause-level thematic information. Principle 2, the verb-object bonding principle, describes the cross-linguistic tendency for a transitive verb and its object to form a more tightly integrated unit, syntactically and semantically, than does a transitive verb and its subject. Principle 3, the animated principle, describes the cross-linguistic tendency for semantic arguments which are either more animate or more agentive to occur earlier in the clause. Each principle is motivated independently of the others, drawing on cross-linguistic data from more than 80 genetically and typologically diverse languages. Given these three independently motivated functional principles, it is argued that the relative frequency of basic constituent order types is due to the tendency for the three principles to be maximally realized in the world’s languages. SOV and SVO languages are typologically most frequent because such basic orders reflect all three principles. The remaining orders occur less frequently because they reflect fewer of the principles. The 1,000-language database and the genetic and areal classification frames are published as appendices to the volume.

Download or read book Theoretical Approaches to Disharmonic Word Order written by Theresa Biberauer and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the implications of cross-linguistic word-order patterns for linguistic theory. One of the salient results of Joseph Greenberg's pioneering work in language typology was the notion of a 'harmonic' word-order type, whereby if the verb appears at the left or right edge of the verb phrase, other heads (e.g. prepositions, nouns) also tend to do so. Today, however, there is recognition in both the typological and generative literature that very many, and possibly even the majority of languages, fail to be fully harmonic in the sense that all head-complement pairs pattern alike. But does this imply limitless variation? The chapters in this volume, written by international scholars, discuss the issues arising from this basic question, drawing on data from typologically distinct disharmonic languages, including Mandarin Chinese, Basque, Mócheno (a Tyrolean variety spoken in Northern Italy), French, English, Hixkaryana (a Cariban language), Khalkha Mongolian, Uyghur Turkic, and Afrikaans. The volume begins with a substantial introduction to the study of word order and its relation to linguistic theory. It is then divided into sections on the nature of disharmony; the role of prosody; the question of Antisymmetry and novel alternatives to Antisymmetry; and the Final-over-Final Constraint. Aside from introducing new empirical findings, the volume also offers a range of new perspectives on disharmonic word orders, the status of word order in linguistic theory, and theoretical accounts of typological gaps.

Download or read book Information Systems for Indian Languages written by Chandan Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems for Indian Languages, ICISIL 2011, held in Patiala, India, in March 2011. The 63 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 126 paper submissions (full papers as well as poster papers) and 25 demo submissions. The papers address all current aspects on localization, e-governance, Web content accessibility, search engine and information retrieval systems, online and offline OCR, handwriting recognition, machine translation and transliteration, and text-to-speech and speech recognition - all with a particular focus on Indic scripts and languages.

Download or read book Austroasiatic Syntax in Areal and Diachronic Perspective written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-04-14 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Austroasiatic Syntax in Areal and Diachronic Perspective elevates historical morpho-syntax to a research priority in the field of Southeast Asian language history, transcending the traditional focus on phonology and lexicon. The volume contains eleven chapters covering a wide range of aspects of diachronic Austroasiatic syntax, most of which contain new hypotheses, and several address topics that have never been dealt with before in print, such as clause structure and word order in the proto-language, and reconstruction of Munda morphology successfully integrating it into Austroasiatic language history. Also included is a list of proto-AA grammatical words with evaluative and contextualizing comments.

Download or read book Hindi An Essential Grammar written by Rama Kant Agnihotri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a reader-friendly guide to the structural patterns of modern standard Hindi. Ideal for both independent learners and classroom students alike, this book covers the essentials of Hindi grammar in readable, jargon-free sections. Key features include: sections on the speech sounds of Hindi detailed analysis of Hindi sentence structure full examples throughout.

Download or read book The Dravidian Languages written by Sanford B. Steever and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-15 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dravidian language family is the world's fourth largest with over 175 million speakers across South Asia from Pakistan to Nepal, from Bangladesh to Sri Lanka as well as having communities in Malaysia, North America and the UK. Four of the languages, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Telugu are official national languages and the Dravidian family has had a rich literary and cultural influence. This authoritative reference source provides unique descriptions of 12 of these languages, covering their historical development alongside discussions of their specialised linguistic structures and features. Each chapter combines modern linguistic theory with traditional historical linguistics and a uniform structure allows for easy typological comparison between the individual languages. Two further chapters provide general information about the language family - the introduction, which covers the history, cultural implications and linguistic background, and a separate article on Dravidian writing systems. This volume includes languages from all 4 of the Dravidian family's subgroupings: South Dravidian e.g. Tamil, Kannada; South Central Dravidian e.g. Telugu, Konda; Central Dravidian e.g. Kolami; North Dravidian e.g. Brahui, Malto. Written by a team of expert contributors, many of whom are based in Asia, each language chapter offers a detailed analysis of phonology, morphology, syntax and followed by a list of the most relevant further reading to aid the independent scholar. The Dravidian Languages will be invaluable to students and researchers within linguistics and will also be of interest to readers in the fields of comparative literature, South Asian studies and Oriental studies.

Download or read book The Syntax of Spoken Indian English written by Claudia Lange and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an in-depth analysis of several features of spoken Indian English that are generally considered as 'typical', but have never before been studied empirically. Drawing on authentic spoken data from the International Corpus of English, Indian component, the book focuses on the domain of discourse organization and examines the form, function and distribution of invariant tags such as isn't it and no/na, non-initial existential there, focus markers only and itself, topicalization and left-dislocation. By focusing on multilingual speakers' interactions, the study demonstrates conclusively that spoken Indian English bears all the hallmarks of a vibrant contact language, testifying to a pan-South Asian 'grammar of culture' which becomes apparent in contact-induced language change in spoken Indian English. The book will be highly relevant for anyone interested in postcolonial varieties of English, contact linguistics, standardization, and discourse-pragmatic sentence structure.

Download or read book Wanderers Kings Merchants written by Peggy Mohan and published by Viking. This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of India's most incredible and enviable cultural aspects is that every Indian is bilingual, if not multilingual. Delving into the fascinating early history of South Asia, this original book reveals how migration, both external and internal, has shaped all Indians from ancient times. Through a first-of-its-kind and incisive study of languages, such as the story of early Sanskrit, the rise of Urdu, language formation in the North-east, it presents the astounding argument that all Indians are of mixed origins.It explores the surprising rise of English after Independence and how it may be endangering India's native languages.

Download or read book Language and the Making of Modern India written by Pritipuspa Mishra and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the ways linguistic nationalism has enabled and deepened the reach of All-India nationalism. This title is also available as Open Access.

Download or read book Learn Hindi Sentence Structure Made Easy written by and published by Team Indic. This book was released on 2017-09-20 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn Hindi: Sentence Structure Made Easy is the essential guide to learning Hindi for beginners. This book is a step by step course designed specifically for learners who are from an English speaking background. The main emphasis throughout the book is word order. It is vital for an English speaking person who wants to learn Hindi to focus not only on pronunciation and vocabulary but also on learning how to order those new words into a sentence. The explanation of grammar is simple and easy to understand. Each lesson builds on the previous lesson in a logical order and provides practical exercises so that the student can immediately apply what is being taught.

Download or read book A grammar of Pichi written by Kofi Yakpo and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pichi is an Afro-Caribbean English-lexifier Creole spoken on the island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. It is an offshoot of 19th century Krio (Sierra Leone) and shares many characteristics with West African relatives like Nigerian Pidgin, Cameroon Pidgin, and Ghanaian Pidgin English, as well as with the English-lexifier creoles of the insular and continental Caribbean. This comprehensive description presents a detailed analysis of the grammar and phonology of Pichi. It also includes a collection of texts and wordlists. Pichi features a nominative-accusative alignment, SVO word order, adjective-noun order, prenominal determiners, and prepositions. The language has a seven-vowel system and twenty-two consonant phonemes. Pichi has a two-tone system with tonal minimal pairs, morphological tone, and tonal processes. The morphological structure is largely isolating. Pichi has a rich system of tense-aspect-mood marking, an indicative-subjunctive opposition, and a complex copular system with several suppletive forms. Many features align Pichi with the Atlantic-Congo languages spoken in the West African littoral zone. At the same time, characteristics like the prenominal position of adjectives and determiners show a typological overlap with its lexifier English, while extensive contact with Spanish has left an imprint on the lexicon and grammar as well.

Download or read book The Pragmatics of Word Order written by Doris L. Payne and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series is a platform for contributions of all kinds to this rapidly developing field. General problems are studied from the perspective of individual languages, language families, language groups, or language samples. Conclusions are the result of a deepened study of empirical data. Special emphasis is given to little-known languages, whose analysis may shed new light on long-standing problems in general linguistics.