Download or read book Women Biology and Public Policy written by Virginia Sapiro and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three current issues in social science research are examined in this volume: the problems affecting women in their everyday lives, the relationship between the physical and social-political lives of people, and the role of normative theory in policy science. Going beyond theories of traditional sociobiology, this multi-disciplinary volume focuses on the reciprocal relationship between biology and the formulation, implementation, and impact of public policies. The contributors argue that assumptions about biological differences between the sexes affect public policy. These assumptions create a gender ideology that shapes not only public opinion on gender issues in politics, but also affects the development, interpretation and application of scientific research to public policy. In turn, gender-based public policies are shown to have tangible effects on the biological condition of men and women even when the policy is not gender based.
Download or read book Women Biology and Public Policy written by Virginia Sapiro and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1985-07 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three current issues in social science research are examined in Women, Biology and Public Policy -- the problems affecting women in their everyday lives, the relationship between the physical and socio-political lives of people, and the role of normative theory in policy science. Going beyond beyond theories of traditional sociobiology, this multi-disciplinary volume focuses on the reciprocal relationship between biology and the formulation, implementation, and impact of public policies.
Download or read book The Politics of Women s Biology written by Ruth Hubbard and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work the author explores the social and political assumptions of biology, and genetics in particular. She examines the ways biologists use scientific language, use genetics, and apply it to human situations, especially to women's situations.
Download or read book Biological Social and Organizational Components of Success for Women in Academic Science and Engineering written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last 40 years, the number of women studying science and engineering (S&E) has increased dramatically. Nevertheless, women do not hold academic faculty positions in numbers that commensurate with their increasing share of the S&E talent pool. The discrepancy exists at both the junior and senior faculty levels. In December 2005, the National Research Council held a workshop to explore these issues. Experts in a number of disciplines met to address what sex-differences research tells us about capability, behavior, career decisions, and achievement; the role of organizational structures and institutional policy; cross-cutting issues of race and ethnicity; key research needs and experimental paradigms and tools; and the ramifications of their research for policy, particularly for evaluating current and potential academic faculty. Biological, Social, and Organizational Components of Success for Women in Academic Science and Engineering consists of three elements: an introduction, summaries of panel discussions including public comment sessions, and poster abstracts.
Download or read book Biology at Work written by Kingsley R. Browne and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2002-06-06 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does biology help explain why women, on average, earn less money than men? Is there any evolutionary basis for the scarcity of female CEOs in Fortune 500 companies? According to Kingsley Browne, the answer may be yes. Biology at Work brings an evolutionary perspective to bear on issues of women in the workplace: the "glass ceiling," the "gender gap" in pay, sexual harassment, and occupational segregation. While acknowledging the role of discrimination and sexist socialization, Browne suggests that until we factor real biological differences between men and women into the equation, the explanation remains incomplete. Browne looks at behavioral differences between men and women as products of different evolutionary pressures facing them throughout human history. Womens biological investment in their offspring has led them to be on average more nurturing and risk averse, and to value relationships over competition. Men have been biologically rewarded, over human history, for displays of strength and skill, risk taking, and status acquisition. These behavioral differences have numerous workplace consequences. Not surprisingly, sex differences in the drive for status lead to sex differences in the achievement of status. Browne argues that decision makers should recognize that policies based on the assumption of a single androgynous human nature are unlikely to be successful. Simply removing barriers to inequality will not achieve equality, as women and men typically value different things in the workplace and will make different workplace choices based on their different preferences. Rather than simply putting forward the "nature" side of the debate, Browne suggests that dichotomies such as nature/nurture have impeded our understanding of the origins of human behavior. Through evolutionary biology we can understand not only how natural selection has created predispositions toward certain types of behavior but also how the social environment interacts with these predispositions to produce observed behavioral patterns.
Download or read book Women Power and Policy written by Ellen Boneparth and published by New York : Pergamon Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2e druk : 1988.
Download or read book Beyond Reproduction written by Karen L. Baird and published by Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the women's health movement of the 1990s and how activists achieved policy changes in the areas of medical research, HIV/AIDS, breast cancer, and violence against women. -- Back cover.
Download or read book Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer. But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke than men or why women are more apt to develop autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Sex differences in health throughout the lifespan have been documented. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health begins to snap the pieces of the puzzle into place so that this knowledge can be used to improve health for both sexes. From behavior and cognition to metabolism and response to chemicals and infectious organisms, this book explores the health impact of sex (being male or female, according to reproductive organs and chromosomes) and gender (one's sense of self as male or female in society). Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health discusses basic biochemical differences in the cells of males and females and health variability between the sexes from conception throughout life. The book identifies key research needs and opportunities and addresses barriers to research. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health will be important to health policy makers, basic, applied, and clinical researchers, educators, providers, and journalists-while being very accessible to interested lay readers.
Download or read book Beyond Bias and Barriers written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-04 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States economy relies on the productivity, entrepreneurship, and creativity of its people. To maintain its scientific and engineering leadership amid increasing economic and educational globalization, the United States must aggressively pursue the innovative capacity of all its people—women and men. However, women face barriers to success in every field of science and engineering; obstacles that deprive the country of an important source of talent. Without a transformation of academic institutions to tackle such barriers, the future vitality of the U.S. research base and economy are in jeopardy. Beyond Bias and Barriers explains that eliminating gender bias in academia requires immediate overarching reform, including decisive action by university administrators, professional societies, federal funding agencies and foundations, government agencies, and Congress. If implemented and coordinated across public, private, and government sectors, the recommended actions will help to improve workplace environments for all employees while strengthening the foundations of America's competitiveness.
Download or read book Fetal Rights Women s Rights written by Suzanne Uttaro Samuels and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, many private employers in the United States enacted fetal protection policies that barred fertile women--that is, women who had not been surgically sterilized--from working in jobs that might expose fetuses to toxins. In Fetal Rights, Women's Rights, Suzanne Samuels analyzes these policies and the ambiguous responses to them by federal and state courts, legislatures, administrative agencies, litigants, and interest groups. She poses provocative questions about the implicit links between social welfare concerns and paternalism in the workplace, including: are women workers or wombs? Placing the fetal protection controversy within the larger societal debate about gender roles, Samuels argues that governmental decision-makers confuse sex, which is based solely on biological characteristics, with gender, which is based on societal conceptions. She contends that the debate about fetal protection policies brought this ambiguity into stark relief, and that the response of policy-makers was rooted in assumptions about gender roles. Judges, legislators, and regulators used gender as a proxy, she argues, to sidestep the question of whether fetal protection policies could be justified by the biological differences between women and men. The fetal protection controversy raises a number of concerns about women's role in the workplace. Samuels discusses the effect on governmental policies of the ongoing controversy over abortion rights and the debates between egalitarian and relational feminists about the treatment of women at work. A timely and engrossing study, Fetal Rights, Women's Rights details the pattern of gender politics in the United States and demonstrates the broader ramifications of gender bias in the workplace.
Download or read book Women and Public Policy written by Mildred H. Lavin and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Menopause written by Joan C. Callahan and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 1993-09-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In Menopause: A Midlife Passage, [questions about menopause] are considered in depth from a dazzling variety of angles. This is just the serious feminist discussion of menopause that I have been longing for.... its exquisite analyses renew us in our struggles to make sense of it all." -- Alice Dan, Women's Review of Books "Menopause has become a hot (with or without the flashes) topic in America. That's because a critical mass of us have reached it and are educated, aggressive, and confident enough to want to know what's happening to us, and then to talk about it.... Smart, useful, funny, Menopause: A Midlife Passage is a fine addition to the discussion, a healthy companion for this all-important life passage." -- Susan Stamberg, Special Correspondent, National Public Radio "Editor Callahan takes anything but a trendy approach to a very trendy topic. She's gathered essays by scholarly women who have thought through society's position on menopause and menopausal women and don't like what they see: older women denied positive portrayals in mainstream media, menopause treated by the medical establishment as if it were a disease rather than a natural occurrence, and devaluation of older women. Determined to change people's minds with their words, these women speak both powerfully and empoweringly. A must for feminist and women's health collections." -- Booklist "... a bold attempt to go beyond the standard medical framing of women's experience, and to contest the notion that the menopause is straightforwardly a hormonal 'deficiency disease'." -- New Scientist "... [an] entertaining and informative book that takes a very positive attitude toward the 'midlife passage'." -- Fertility News "This book should be required reading for all women's health care providers and anyone else doing counseling of menopausal women." -- Journal of Women & Aging Essayists from various walks of life present female-defined perspectives on menopause and the passage to new physical, social, and cultural development.
Download or read book Women s Organizing and Public Policy in Canada and Sweden written by Linda Briskin and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1999-10-25 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women's Organizing and Public Policy in Canada and Sweden highlights the impact of women's organizing on the framing and implementing of public policy, the reconstituting of discourse, and the practices of unions, political parties, and the state. It examines the strategies women have used to organize themselves as a vocal and politicized constituency. In so doing, it stretches definitions of organizing and of political practice, politicizes the social and the private, and expands conceptions of agency. Comparing Sweden and Canada allows the mechanisms at work in each society to emerge more clearly, challenging what is often taken for granted. Contributors include Christina Bergqvist (Uppsala, Sweden), Linda Briskin, Barbara Cameron (York, Canada), Marianne Carlsson (Uppsala, Sweden), Rebecca Priegert Coulter (University of Western Ontario, Canada), Mona Eliasson, Georgina Feldberg (York, Canada), Sue Findlay (private scholar, Canada), Lena Gonäs (National Institute for Working Life, Sweden), Wuokko Knocke (National Institute for Working Life, Sweden), Catharina Landström (Linkoping, Sweden), Colleen Lundy (Carleton, Canada), Rianne Mahon (Carleton, Canada), Chantal Maillé (Concordia, Canada), Roxana Ng (Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Canada), Becki Ross (University of British Columbia, Canada), Lena Wängnerud (Göteborg, Sweden), and Inga Wernersson (Göteborg, Sweden).
Download or read book Athena Unbound written by Henry Etzkowitz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-10-19 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are there so few women scientists? Persisting differences between women's and men's experiences in science make this question as relevant today as it ever was. This book sets out to answer this question, and to propose solutions for the future. Based on extensive research, it emphasizes that science is an intensely social activity. Despite the scientific ethos of universalism and inclusion, scientists and their institutions are not immune to the prejudices of society as a whole. By presenting women's experiences at all key career stages - from childhood to retirement - the authors reveal the hidden barriers, subtle exclusions and unwritten rules of the scientific workplace, and the effects, both professional and personal, that these have on the female scientist. This important book should be read by all scientists - both male and female - and sociologists, as well as women thinking of embarking on a scientific career.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
Download or read book Scholars Policymakers and International Affairs written by Abraham F. Lowenthal and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2014-11-24 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to strengthen both academic research and international policies by improving the connections between scholars and policymakers. Scholars, Policymakers, and International Affairs shows how to build mutually beneficial connections between the worlds of ideas and action, analysis and policy. Drawing on contributions from top international scholars with policy experience in the United States, Europe, Asia, Canada, and Latin America, as well as senior policymakers throughout the Americas, Abraham F. Lowenthal and Mariano E. Bertucci make the case that scholars can both strengthen their research and contribute to improved policies while protecting academia from the risks of active participation in the policy process. Many scholars believe that policymakers are more interested in processes and outcomes than in understanding causality. Many policymakers believe that scholars are absorbed in abstract and self-referential debates and that they are primarily interested in crafting theories (and impressing other scholars) rather than developing solutions to pressing policy issues. The contributors to this book confront this gap head-on. They do not deny the obstacles to fruitful interaction between scholars and policymakers, but, drawing on their own experience, discuss how these obstacles can be and have been overcome. They present case studies that illustrate how scholars have helped reduce income inequality, promote democratic governance, improve gender equity, target international financial sanctions, manage the Mexico–U.S. border, and enhance inter-American cooperation. These success stories are balanced by studies on why academic analysts have failed to achieve much positive impact on counternarcotics and citizen security policies. The editors’ astute conclusion identifies best practices and provides concrete recommendations to government agencies, international institutions, nongovernmental organizations, and funding sources, as well as to senior university officials, academic departments and centers, think tanks, established scholars, junior faculty, and graduate students. Clearly written and thoughtfully organized, this innovative book provides analytic insights and practical wisdom for those who want to understand how to build more effective connections between the worlds of thought and action.
Download or read book The Political Battle of the Sexes written by Leslie A. Caughell and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-03-25 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex remains one of the most salient demographic dividing points in American politics today. President Obama has women, particularly unmarried women, to thank for his re-election victory. The gender difference in voter support for the Democratic and Republican presidential candidates grew from twelve points in 2008 to eighteen points in 2012. This gender gap in candidate preference likely emerges because of gender gaps in policy preferences. Yet despite much scholarly and popular interest in this topic, the cause or causes of gender gaps in policy preference remain unclear. The Political Battle of the Sexes: Exploring the Sources of Gender Gaps in Policy Preferences examines gender gaps in policy preferences in the United States, outlines their form, and explores their causes. This work makes four contributions to the literature on gender gaps. First, it provides the first comprehensive look at gender gaps across time and various issue areas completed since the 1980s. Second, it provides a theoretical framework for explaining the causes of gender gap emergence that incorporates both nature (biology) and nurture (socialization) and provides the basis with which to predict the attitudes on which gender gaps will likely emerge. Third, it explores the causes of gender gaps in foreign and social policy, two of the policy domains where gender gaps continue to increase. Finally, it introduces a new way of conceptualizing biology based on emerging research in the hard sciences. Studying gender gaps remains difficult. Women comprise a very diverse group, and are divided by far more factors than the sex categorization that unites them. However, electoral realities demand that scholars studying political behavior pay attention to sex based differences in political preferences. Women exhibit consistent preference tendencies relative to men, and women remain more likely to show up on Election Day than men. As such, gender gaps have substantial political and practical implications for women in the United States. And while explaining their causes requires drawing from a wide array of fields, ranging from biology to economics, understanding the origins and consequences of gender gaps does much to further empirical research in public opinion and mass behavior.
