Download or read book Willingness to Pay for Air Quality Improvements in Sofia Bulgaria written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "People in Sofia are willing to pay 4.2 percent of their income or more for a program to improve air quality"--Cover.
Download or read book Willingness to Pay for Air Quality Improvements in Sofia Bulgaria written by Hua Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People in Sofia are willing to pay 4.2 percent of their income or more for a program to improve air quality. Through a survey, Wang and Whittington study willingness to pay for improvements in air quality in Sofia, Bulgaria. Using a stochastic payment card approach - asking respondents the likelihood that they would agree to pay a series of prices - they estimate the distribution of willingness to pay various prices. They find that people in Sofia are willing to pay up to about 4.2 percent of their income for a program to improve air quality. The income elasticity of willingness to pay for air quality improvements is about 27 percent. For comparison, they also used the referendum contingent valuation approach. Results from that approach yielded a higher estimate of willingness to pay. This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economics of pollution control in developing countries.
Download or read book Estimating Willingness to pay with Random Valuation Models written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "This paper presents a case study of willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimation using random valuation models. A contingent valuation survey was conducted in Yerevan, Armenia to estimate people's WTP for the protection of Lake Sevan. Three elicitation formats - open-ended, closed-ended, and the stochastic payment card (SPC) approach - were used with split random samples. WTP models with heterogeneous errors were constructed and estimated with the survey data. The SPC approach produces a higher estimation of the mean WTP than both the open-ended and closed-ended approaches, while results from the open-ended and closed-ended elicitation formats are similar. Furthermore, contrary to research findings obtained in the United States, this study finds higher WTP estimations with mail surveys than with personal interviews. This paper - a product of the Infrastructure and Environment Team, Development Research Group is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economics of sustainable development in developing countries"--World Bank web site.
Download or read book Incentives for Pollution Control written by J?r?me·Foulon and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Both regulation and public disclosure belong in the environmental regulators' arsenal. Strong, clear standards combined with a significant, credible penalty system send the right signals to the regulated community, which responds by lowering pollution emissions. The public disclosure of environmental performance also provides strong additional incentives to pollution control"--Cover.
Download or read book Contingent Valuation written by R. Carson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major reference work the first of its kind provides a comprehensive and authoritative introduction to the large and growing literature on contingent valuation. It includes entries on over 7,500 contingent valuation papers and studies from over 130 countries covering both the published and grey literatures. This book provides an interpretive historical account of the development of contingent valuation, the most commonly used approach to placing a value on goods not normally sold in the marketplace. The major fields catalogued here include culture, the environment, and health application. This bibliography is an ideal starting point for researchers wanting to find other studies that have valued goods or used techniques similar to those they are interested in. For those wanting to conduct meta analyses, the book will serve as an invaluable guide to source material. For those wanting to conduct meta analyses, the book will serve as an invaluable guide to source material. In addition to the print edition we offer access, for purchasers of the book, to a website providing the contents of as a searchable Word document and in a variety of standard bibliographic database forms. Contingent Valuation is an indispensable reference source for researchers, scholars and policymakers concerned with survey approaches to the problem of environmental valuation.
Download or read book Ancillary Benefits and Costs of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2000-10-25 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This workshop proceedings discusses ancillary effects of greenhouse gas mitigation.
Download or read book Dividing the Spoils written by Ethan B. Kapstein and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The gains from the transition in post-communist Russia were captured by the new managerial class, which won rents from the state in the form of privatized enterprises, state subsidies, credits, and opportunities for tax evasion. Those rents reduced state revenues that could have supported social policy-- including pension reform, which in turn could have fueled industrial restructuring. With neither pension reform nor industrial restructuring, Russia's economy has continued to shrink"--Cover.
Download or read book Should Capital Flows Be Regulated written by Roumeen Islam and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Household Savings in Transition Economies written by Cevdet Denizer and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Bulgaria, Hungary, and Poland, the higher the relative household income is, the higher the savings rate is. But, surprisingly, savings rates appear to be unaffected by either sector of employment (public or Private) or form of employment. Savings rates are significantly higher for households that do not own their own homes or that own few of the standard consumer durables - possibly because, with no retail credit or mortgage markets, households must save to purchase houses and durables.
Download or read book Ten Years of Transformation written by Charles Wyplosz and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Transition was never going to be easy, even with the highly promising long-run outlook. Not only was the process itself a major theoretical and policy challenge, but politics and economics were bound to interfere. And yet, with some spectacular exceptions, most countries are now on the right track"--Cover.
Download or read book Fiscal Deficits Monetary Reform and Inflation Stabilization in Romania written by Nina Budina and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal problems are a key factor behind the inflation that has persisted in Eastern Europe since 1989. Deficits need to be cut back, but by how much for a given inflation target? A simple framework links debt, the deficit, and inflation to assess the fiscal stance of the Romanian economy.
Download or read book The Use of Asset Management Companies in the Resolution of Banking Crises written by Daniela Klingebiel and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asset management companies have been used to address the overhang of bad debt in the financial system. There are two main types of asset management company: those set up to expedite corporate restructuring and those established for rapid disposal of assets. A review of seven asset management companies reveals a mixed record. In two of three cases, asset management companies for corporate restructuring did not achieve their narrow goal of expediting bank or corporate restructuring, suggesting that they are not good vehicles for expediting corporate restructuring. Only a Swedish asset management company successfully managed its portfolio, acting sometimes as lead agent in restructuring - and helped by the fact that the assets acquired had mostly to do with real estate, not manufacturing, which is harder to restructure, and represented a small fraction of the banking system's assets, which made it easier for the company to remain independent of political pressures and to sell assets back to the private sector. Asset management companies used to dispose of assets rapidly fared somewhat better. Two of four agencies (in Spain and the United States) achieved their objectives, suggesting that asset management companies can be used effectively for narrowly defined purposes of resolving insolvent and inviable financial institutions and selling off their assets. Achieving these objectives required an easily liquefiable asset - real estate - mostly professional management, political independence, adequate bankruptcy and foreclosure laws, appropriate funding, skilled resources, good information and management systems, and transparent operations and processes. The other two agencies (in Mexico and the Philippines) were doomed from the start, as governments transferred to them politically motivated loans or fraudulent assets, which were difficult for a government agency susceptible to political pressure and lacking independence to resolve or sell off.
Download or read book External Sustainability written by César Calderón and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The 1994 crisis in Mexico, developments in East Asia, and persistent turmoil in world financial markets have dramatized the role of external imbalances in macroeconomic crises. Some believe that the current account should be kept from rising beyond a "sustainable" level, some that a current account surplus is the only solid external position. Can those rules of thumb be justified analytically?"--Cover.
Download or read book Why Liberalization Alone Has Not Improved Agricultural Productivity in Zambia written by Klaus W. Deininger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policies to foster accumulation of the assets needed for agricultural production (including draft animals and implements) and to provide complementary public goods (education, credit, and good agricultural extension services)could greatly help reduce poverty and improve productivity in Zambia.
Download or read book Journal of Agricultural Extension written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phasing out Polluting Motorcycles in Bangkok Policy Design by Using Contingent Valuation Surveys written by Elisabetta Capannelli, Jitendra J. Shah, Jian Xie and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Xie, Shah, Capannelli and Wang use a contingent valuation method to study the design of economic incentives to phase out polluting motorcycles in Bangkok. Like in many other cities, the government of Bangkok has been considering a series of control measures to discourage and eventually eliminate the use of heavily polluting motorcycles. Two of the possible policy instruments under consideration are charges on those polluting vehicles which are operating in the streets and compensation to those polluting vehicles which would stay off the roads. The policy research questions then include (1) what are the charges implied or compensation provided, given a policy target, and (2) what are the reactions of motorcycle owners to those charges or compensation. To answer those policy questions, the authors conducted a stochastic contingent valuation survey in Bangkok to question motorcycle owners on the likelihood they would keep or give up riding their motorcycles in the streets given certain charges or compensations. Results show that among others, about 80 percent of those motorcycles which did not pass the emission tests would be off the streets if a charge of 1,000 baht a year was levied, while under a one-time compensation of 10,000 baht, the number would be about 50 percent. The authors also estimate the average values of maximum willingness to pay (WTP) for staying on the road and minimum willingness to accept (WTA)
Download or read book Exchange Rate Overvaluation and Trade Protection written by Howard J. Shatz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Lessons from world experience about the consequences of exchange rate overvaluation (the frequent cause of trade crises), the consequences of trying to defend an overvalued exchange rate, and the most appropriate policies for resolving an overvaluation"--Cover.
