Download or read book Why Is the Present Perfect Such a Problematic Tense written by Cornelia Gitterle and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-09 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English - Pedagogy, Didactics, Literature Studies, grade: Sehr Gut, University of Innsbruck (Anglistik und Amerikanistik), 19 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: It has to be mentioned that this paper mainly deals with the Present Perfect Simple because otherwise this topic would have become too complex. Furthermore, the present perfect is not always used the same way in British and American English. In the current paper, however, the used examples represent British Standard English. It will be shown that the Present Perfect is a problematic tense to learn and to teach because it has so many notions and uses. It will be proved that a major difficulty in learning this tense arises from the interference from the learner's mother tongue. As far as teaching is concerned, when introducing a new piece of grammar we always have to teach not only the form, but also its functions, and not only meaning but also use. Therefore, teaching the present perfect is quite a difficult task. This paper will also discuss critical questions teachers should ask themselves and the various notions and uses of the present perfect in detail, providing at the same time possible ways of teaching them with quoted activities from different coursebooks.
Download or read book One Language Two Grammars written by Günter Rohdenburg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that British and American English differ substantially in their pronunciation and vocabulary - but differences in their grammar have largely been underestimated. This volume focuses on British–American differences in the structure of words and sentences and supports them with computer-aided studies of large text collections. Present-day as well as earlier forms of the two varieties are included in the analyses. This makes it the first book-length treatment of British and American English grammar in contrast, with topics ranging from compound verbs to word order differences and tag questions. The authors explore some of the better-known contrasts, as well as a great variety of innovative themes that have so far received little or no consideration. Bringing together the work of a team of leading scholars in the field, this book will be of interest to those working within the fields of English historical linguistics, language variation and change, and dialectology.
Download or read book British or American English written by John Algeo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-08-10 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speakers of British and American English display some striking differences in their use of grammar. In this detailed survey, John Algeo considers questions such as: •Who lives on a street, and who lives in a street? •Who takes a bath, and who has a bath? •Who says Neither do I, and who says Nor do I? •After 'thank you', who says Not at all and who says You're welcome? •Whose team are on the ball, and whose team isn't? Containing extensive quotations from real-life English on both sides of the Atlantic, collected over the past twenty years, this is a clear and highly organized guide to the differences - and the similarities - between the grammar of British and American speakers. Written for those with no prior knowledge of linguistics, it shows how these grammatical differences are linked mainly to particular words, and provides an accessible account of contemporary English in use.
Download or read book The Present Perfective Paradox Across Languages written by Astrid De Wit and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an analysis of how speakers of typologically diverse languages report present-time situations. Astrid De Wit brings together cross-linguistic observations from English, French, the English-based creole language Sranan, and various Slavic languages, and relates them to the same phenomenon, the 'present perfective paradox'.
Download or read book Tense Reference and Worldmaking written by James A. McGilvray and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1991-09-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Reichenbach's (1947) theory of tenses and temporal structures as a point of departure, McGilvray modifies it to produce a theory of his own. Analysing the difficulties Reichenbach's theory has in explaining the relationship of a speaker to a world, he introduces a new model for this relationship based on the three-interval temporal topology that Reichenbachian theory assigns to the sentences of natural languages. McGilvray explains and defends in detail Reichenbach's theory of tense and temporal structure, criticising and rejecting the major rival theory, found in tense logic. He also applies Reichenbach's nonstandard topology to English, showing that it is correct for the language. A significant aspect of McGilvray's study is the supplementing of Reichenbach's topology by including speakers, sentences, situations, and things spoken about with the temporal intervals. McGilvray relocates and reinterprets a prime source of faulty intuitions concerning time and tense -- our feeling that the past, present, and future must be thought of in terms of the settled, the immediate, and the unsettled. He uses his theory to explain the temporal and semantic structure of complex constructions in English, including propositional attitudes, modals, and conditionals. As well, he adapts the structure that Reichenbach's theory assigns to sentences to the aspects perfective (complete) and imperfective (incomplete). The novel view of temporal and semantic structure developed by McGilvray touches on virtually all the puzzles concerning the philosophy of language -- meaning and meaningfulness, the nature of reference, truth, propositions, and worldmaking. His emphasis is on how the speaker, by articulating sentences and understanding them, is both free and constrained -- free to describe something which can be located at any time and in any world, but constrained by the beliefs, evidence, information, and commitments held or made at the time of speech.
Download or read book Cambridge Advanced Learner s Dictionary written by Kate Woodford and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.
Download or read book An Introduction to Linguistic Typology written by Viveka Velupillai and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an introduction to linguistic typology that covers various linguistic domains from phonology and morphology over parts-of-speech, the NP and the VP, to simple and complex clauses, pragmatics and language change. This title also includes a discussion on methodological issues in typology.
Download or read book The Present Perfect in Non Native Englishes written by Julia Davydova and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-07-27 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an innovative study of variation among linguistic items in what has been traditionally described as present perfect contexts. The study offers analyses of new data sets taken from an interestingly diverse set of non-native Englishes. While comprising traditional second-language varieties such as Indian English, Singapore English, East African English in the investigation of the present perfect, the study extends its scope to cover learner varieties of English spoken in Russia and Germany. The author takes her reader on an amazing variationist journey around the globe, revealing chapter after chapter the commonalities and differences in the patterns of use of the English present perfect and, finally, developing a comprehensive perspective allowing for robust generalisations across numerous data sets. Moreover, empirical data serves as a baseline for taking a stand on a number of currently debated issues in variationist sociolinguistics, research on second language acquisition as well as research on linguistic complexity. Thus operating on the interface of various linguistic paradigms, the book addresses a vast audience including students of linguistics and researchers with various fields of specialization.
Download or read book Inquisitive Semantics written by Ivano Ciardelli and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-27 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. This book presents a new logical framework to capture the meaning of sentences in conversation. The traditional approach equates meaning with truth-conditions: to know the meaning of a sentence is to know under which circumstances it is true. The reason for this is that linguistic and philosophical investigations are usually carried out in a logical framework that was originally designed to characterize valid argumentation. However, argumentation is neither the sole, nor the primary function of language. One task that language more widely and ordinarily fulfils is to enable the exchange of information between conversational participants. In the framework outlined in this volume, inquisitive semantics, information exchange is seen as a process of raising and resolving issues. Inquisitive semantics provides a new formal notion of meaning, which makes it possible to model various concepts that are crucial for the analysis of linguistic information exchange in a more refined and more principled way than has been possible in previous frameworks. Importantly, it also allows an integrated treatment of statements and questions. The first part of the book presents the framework in detail, while the second demonstrates its benefits in the semantic analysis of questions, coordination, modals, conditionals, and intonation. The book will be of interest to researchers and students from advanced undergraduate level upwards in the fields of semantics, pragmatics, philosophy of language, and logic.
Download or read book The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation written by Lester Kaufman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-16 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bestselling workbook and grammar guide, revised and updated! Hailed as one of the best books around for teaching grammar, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation includes easy-to-understand rules, abundant examples, dozens of reproducible quizzes, and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar to middle and high schoolers, college students, ESL students, homeschoolers, and more. This concise, entertaining workbook makes learning English grammar and usage simple and fun. This updated 12th edition reflects the latest updates to English usage and grammar, and includes answers to all reproducible quizzes to facilitate self-assessment and learning. Clear and concise, with easy-to-follow explanations, offering "just the facts" on English grammar, punctuation, and usage Fully updated to reflect the latest rules, along with even more quizzes and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar Ideal for students from seventh grade through adulthood in the US and abroad For anyone who wants to understand the major rules and subtle guidelines of English grammar and usage, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation offers comprehensive, straightforward instruction.
Download or read book Time and the Verb written by Robert I. Binnick and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1991 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide provides the reader with a broad perspective of grammar, from classical Greek and Latin to the latest proposals in formal semantics.
Download or read book Culture Bound Translation and Language in the Global Era written by Aleksandra Nikčević Batrićević and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2009-10-02 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The title of this collection, Culture-bound Translation and Language in the Global Era, suggests the wide scope and spirit of our culture and times. The essays gathered here are divided under two headings: Translation and Language, five on each area, making up Part One and Part Two of this book. They examine in detail some of the problems implied by the interaction between translation, language and culture while providing both breadth and depth to the cultural dimension, an area which has strangely been neglected together with translation studies, despite their recognized importance, until the early eighties. The authors’ insights into the complex phenomenon of cross-cultural communication is as interesting as fascinating, and perhaps even more so because the scholars, who have contributed to this book, come from various countries, including Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy, Latvia, Russia, Serbia, and Slovenia.
Download or read book The Present Perfect in World Englishes written by Valentin Werner and published by University of Bamberg Press. This book was released on 2014-08-06 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Grammar Nonsense and What To Do about It written by Hugh Dellar and published by Wayzgoose Press. This book was released on with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do you hate teaching some aspects of grammar? Do you ever feel frustrated that your students just don’t get it? Well, in Grammar Nonsense, Andrew Walkley and Hugh Dellar argue that you shouldn’t really blame yourself. The fault lies largely with the way grammar rules and methods have been passed down through training and published material and become established as the way of doing things: a straightjacket that we need to escape from. Through an entertaining series of rants and meditations on all things grammatical, from the use of the word grammar to the horror of teaching verb patterns, they aim to pull apart rules which we give without thinking and to question approaches to practice that are seen as a must. Along the way, you’ll not only learn how published materials get written and about ideas such as the transformation fallacy and grammar olives, but you’ll also get plenty of practical suggestions as to what to do about all this nonsense.
Download or read book Grammar Explorer written by Daphne Mackey and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Grammar Explorer prepares students for academic success through captivating National Geographic content and assignments that mirror the requirements of academic life. Going beyond clear grammar charts and instruction, Grammar Explorer challenges students to think critically while using grammar in their listening, speaking, reading, and writing."--Back cover.
Download or read book Past Perfect Present Tense written by Richard Peck and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2006-04-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiled for the first time, here are all of Newbery Award– winning author Richard Peck’s previously published short stories and two brand-new ones. From comedy to tragedy to historical to contemporary; from "Priscilla and the Wimps," Peck’s first short story, to "Shotgun Cheatham’s Last Night Above Ground," which inspired both A Long Way from Chicago and A Year Down Yonder, to "The Electric Summer," Peck’s jumping-off point for Fair Weather, readers will thrill at Peck’s engaging short fiction. Complete with the author’s own notes on the stories as well as tips and hints for aspiring writers and two new stories, this vibrant and varied collection offers something for everyone.
Download or read book English Grammar written by Roger Berry and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Routledge English Language Introductions cover core areas of language study and are one-stop resources for students. Assuming no prior knowledge, books in the series offer an accessible overview of the subject, with activities, study questions, sample analyses, commentaries and key readings – all in the same volume. The innovative and flexible 'two-dimensional' structure is built around four sections – introduction, development, exploration and extension –which offer self-contained stages for study. Each topic can also be read across these sections, enabling the reader to build gradually on the knowledge gained. English Grammar: provides a wide-ranging introduction to English grammar, drawing on a variety of international authentic texts, including newspapers, novels and academic texts, to help learners understand concepts and theories in more depth; is written in clear, concise prose in order to present basic concepts and key terms in an accessible way to learners with little or no background in grammar instruction; emphasises the autonomy of the learner through activities and exercises which are suited to both native speakers and learners of English alike; includes a selection of readings from key academics in the field including Michael Halliday, Michael McCarthy, Caroline Coffin and John Sinclair. Drawing on the strengths of the original textbook, this second edition features: new readings from Christian Jones, Daniel Waller and Thomas E. Payne; revised questions, suggestions and issues to consider; and a brand new companion website featuring interactive audio files of authentic spoken English, links to further reading and new grammar tasks. Written by an experienced teacher and researcher, this accessible textbook is an essential resource for all students of English language and linguistics.
