Download or read book What Should the Department of Defense s Role in Cyber Be written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book What Should the Department of Defense s Role in Cyber Be written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What should the Department of Defense's role in cyber be? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, hearing held February 11, 2011.

Download or read book What Should the Department of Defense s Role in Cyber Be written by United States House of Representatives and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-22 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What should the Department of Defense's role in cyber be?: hearing before the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, hearing held February 11, 2011.

Download or read book Expanding the Department of Defense s Role in Cyber Civil Support written by Kevin M. Donovan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The 2010 National Security Strategy identifies cybersecurity as one of the most serious security, public safety, and economic challenges faced by the United States today. The Nation's information and communications infrastructure inextricably linked to U.S. economic prosperity, social well-being, and innovation, is not secure and poses a serious national security risk. Preventing cyber attacks against America's critical infrastructures and reducing vulnerability to cyber attacks are extraordinary challenges requiring a concerted effort among the federal government, state and local government, and the private sector. Although tasked in a supporting role, the Department of Defense (DoD) can and should do more to help protect the Nation's critical infrastructure against cyber threats. The thesis of this paper is that the DoD, beyond its current role, should leverage the unique organization, skills, and demographics of the Reserve Component to assist civil authorities in securing and defending the national critical infrastructure against a major cyber attack. The research will establish the significance of the cyberspace threat and examine existing strategy, policy, roles, and responsibilities to assess gaps and shortfalls in the DoD's capability to support civil authorities in protecting the Nation's critical infrastructure. Finally the research provides recommendations on how the Reserve Component, in particular the National Guard, can best be used to accomplish the expanded critical infrastructure civil support mission."--Abstract.

Download or read book National Guard Forces in the Cyber Domain Integrating the Guard Into National Cyber Forces and Defenses Cybersecurity Protecting Critical Infrastructure from Hactivists and Terrorist Groups written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Guard has played a vital role in the defense of this nation's threats since the country's inception. Over 200 years ago, the militia helped George Washington strike a blow against the British after they forced him from New York and pursued the Continental Army across New Jersey. Today the nation faces the new challenge of how to best defend itself against cyber attacks. Just as the militia, forbearers to the National Guard, enabled George Washington's attack against Trenton, the National Guard stands ready today to work with Department of Defense (DoD) to counter the growing cyber threat. Given the challenges facing the United States to develop a comprehensive cyber strategy, the question is why and how should DoD integrate the National Guard into the national cyber forces. DoD should integrate the National Guard into the national cyber forces because of the cyber threats and the need for assistance at the state level. In addition, existing Guard cyber capabilities, Presidential, Congressional, and Department of Homeland Security mandates to protect critical infrastructure, and US Army doctrine points to full integration as the best path to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage. A home or business computer user does not buy a computer and connect to the internet without taking precautions. Most users understand the threats and design a layered defense to protect their computer and information. This defense could include installing anti-virus software and setting passwords for the computer, router, and modem. Users also practice good security by not downloading files from unknown sources or clicking on hyperlinks included in spam email. Doing only one of these things would leave the computer vulnerable, but all together they create a strong defense against unauthorized use or viruses. In a similar manner, DoD needs to take a multi-layered approach when confronting threats in the cyber domain. The National Guard is one of those critical resources. Cyber Soldiers within the National Guard have attended the required schools as their active duty counterparts, have participated in many of the same exercises, and have developed innovative capabilities to assist states in their response to growing cyber threats. Even though the National Guard currently fulfills a limited role in the current cyber mission force construct, Guard leadership has developed robust cyber capabilities from its Army and Air National Guard cyber Soldiers and Airmen. Many leaders such as Major General William Reddel, New Hampshire Adjutant General, saw the threat, realized the Guard could help when an attacks occurs, and began lobbying for a more defined role for Guard cyber forces. Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, D-NY, also recognized the Guard's unique capabilities that give it the ability to serve through its dual status authorities, both Title 10 and Title 32, to work with DoD, but also with community partners in the state to help secure cyber networks.

Download or read book Department of Defense Role for Securing United States Cyberspace written by Jane J. Griffin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book What Should the Department of Defense s Role in Cyber Be written by Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities,, Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives and published by . This book was released on 2012-05-27 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Any emerging threat presents new challenges on policy, legal authority, budgeting, such as we have witnessed, for example, since 9/11. And today, in the field of cyber, we want to start by asking really a fairly basic but I think important question, and that is, what is the role of the Department of Defense in defending the country in cyberspace? What should we expect, if a bunch of malicious packets, or potentially malicious packets, come barreling at us--or come barreling at the same facilities in cyberspace? I am not sure we have a good answer to that. And if we figure out what we expect, then the question is, can the government do what we expect? Does it have the ability and the authorization to do it?

Download or read book Department of Defense Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace written by Department of Defense and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2012-10-18 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Along with the rest of the U.S. government, the Department of Defense (DoD) depends on cyberspace to function. DoD operates over 15,000 networks and seven million computing devices across hundreds of installations in dozens of countries around the globe. DoD uses cyberspace to enable its military, intelligence, and business operations, including the movement of personnel and material and the command and control of the full spectrum of military operations. The Department and the nation have vulnerabilities in cyberspace. Our reliance on cyberspace stands in stark contrast to the inadequacy of our cybersecurity -- the security of the technologies that we use each day. Moreover, the continuing growth of networked systems, devices, and platforms means that cyberspace is embedded into an increasing number of capabilities upon which DoD relies to complete its mission. Today, many foreign nations are working to exploit DoD unclassified and classified networks, and some foreign intelligence organizations have already acquired the capacity to disrupt elements of DoD's information infrastructure. Moreover, non-state actors increasingly threaten to penetrate and disrupt DoD networks and systems. DoD, working with its interagency and international partners, seeks to mitigate the risks posed to U.S. and allied cyberspace capabilities, while protecting and respecting the principles of privacy and civil liberties, free expression, and innovation that have made cyberspace an integral part of U.S. prosperity and security. How the Department leverages the opportunities of cyberspace, while managing inherent uncertainties and reducing vulnerabilities, will significantly impact U.S. defensive readiness and national security for years to come.

Download or read book Cyber Operations in Dod Policy and Plans written by Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyberspace is defined by the Department of Defense as a global domain consisting of the interdependent networks of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers. Attacks in cyberspace have seemingly been on the rise in recent years with a variety of participating actors and methods. As the United States has grown more reliant on information technology and networked critical infrastructure components, many questions arise about whether the nation is properly organized to defend its digital strategic assets. Cyberspace integrates the operation of critical infrastructures, as well as commerce, government, and national security. Because cyberspace transcends geographic boundaries, much of it is outside the reach of U.S. control and influence. The Department of Homeland Security is the lead federal agency responsible for securing the nation's non-security related digital assets. The Department of Defense also plays a role in defense of cyberspace. The National Military Strategy for Cyberspace Operations instructs DOD to support the DHS, as the lead federal agency, in national incident response and support to other departments and agencies in critical infrastructure and key resources protection. DOD is responsible for defensive operations on its own information networks as well as the sector-specific agency for the defense of the Defense Industrial Base. Multiple strategy documents and directives guide the conduct of military operations in cyberspace, sometimes referred to as cyberwarfare, as well as the delineation of roles and responsibilities for national cybersecurity. Nonetheless, the overarching defense strategy for securing cyberspace is vague and evolving. This report presents an overview of the threat landscape in cyberspace, including the types of offensive weapons available, the targets they are designed to attack, and the types of actors carrying out the attacks. It presents a picture of what kinds of offensive and defensive tools exist and a brief overview of recent attacks. The report then describes the current status of U.S. capabilities, and the national and international authorities under which the U.S. Department of Defense carries out cyber operations. Of particular interest for policy makers are questions raised by the tension between legal authorities codified at 10 U.S.C., which authorizes U.S. Cyber Command to initiate computer network attacks, and those stated at 50 U.S.C., which enables the National Security Agency to manipulate and extrapolate intelligence data—a tension that Presidential Policy Directive 20 on U.S. Cyber Operations Policy manages by clarifying the Pentagon's rules of engagement for cyberspace. With the task of defending the nation from cyberattack, the lines of command, jurisdiction, and authorities may be blurred as they apply to offensive and defensive cyberspace operations. A closely related issue is whether U.S. Cyber Command should remain a sub-unified command under U.S. Strategic Command that shares assets and its commander with the NSA. Additionally, the unique nature of cyberspace raises new jurisdictional issues as U.S. Cyber Command organizes, trains, and equips its forces to protect the networks that undergird critical infrastructure. International law governing cyberspace operations is evolving, and may have gaps for determining the rules of cyberwarfare, what constitutes an “armed attack” or “use of force” in cyberspace, and what treaty obligations may be invoked.

Download or read book Enemy at the Gateways written by Nathan B. Paddock and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Every day, hackers use the Internet to "virtually" invade the borders of the United States and its critical infrastructure. National leadership must determine whether these intrusions constitute an attack or merit the declaration of a national emergency. In times of war, cyber attackers may attempt to monitor communications or disrupt information systems and other systems critical to national infrastructure. Formed in 2002, the Department of Homeland Security(DHS) holds lead agency status for many initiatives of the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace (NSSC). The NSSC identifies critical infrastructures and key resources (CI/KR) that must be protected from physical or virtual attack. Current national strategy calls for the Department of Defense (DoD) to protect the defense industrial base (DIB), one of seven identified sectors of CI/KR. DoD components include the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Military Services, Unified and Specified Commands, Defense Agencies, and field activities. DoD can contribute significantly to the protection of the nation from attacks directed against the United States via cyberspace by leveraging current resources and capabilities to augment ongoing initiatives and working to develop more effective homeland defense solutions. Along the way, DoD must continue working to protect the DIB from the information collection efforts of foreign intelligence services and organized crime, as well as from potential terrorist efforts to destroy or hold hostage critical information. Sensitive but unclassified (SBU) information seems to be more at risk than classified program information at this time, so current DoD efforts aim to secure the unclassified networks and databases of defense contractors. DoD can and should exceed the expectations laid out by the President of the United States in national strategy. Cooperation and information sharing will be the key."--Abstract.

Download or read book Defense Support to Civil Authorities Doctrinal Shortfalls During Cyber Attacks Analysis of DSCA Doctrine and Cyber Threats Response to Critical Infrastructure Attack During Combat Operations written by U S Military and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-04 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As doctrine continues to evolve towards multi-domain battle, the homeland is under increasing risk. In the multi-domain extended battlefield, U.S. reliance on the defense industrial base and strategic lines of communication present adversaries with unique opportunities. At the same time, access to domestic critical infrastructure and key resources in the cyber domain could put the homeland in play in the next war. Efforts to protect the nation's infrastructure in the cyber domain currently remain largely focused on cyber-defense. What if a threat actor successfully penetrated cyber-defenses and impacted critical infrastructure? What would the defense response look like if this attack came during a major combat operation? Would such an attack be defense support to civil authorities (DSCA) or homeland defense (HD), and does it matter? This thesis explores these questions by analyzing the current DSCA doctrine and comparing it to current cyber threats.This compilation also includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION * Vulnerability of Critical Infrastructure * Multi-Domain Battle Concept * Problem * Hypothesis * Primary Research Question * Assumptions * Definitions and Terms * Limitations * Delimitations * Conclusion * CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW * Introduction * Organization * Groups of Relevant Literature * Cyber-Warfare Theory * Policy * The Purpose of Army Doctrine * Previous Studies on Doctrinal Shortfalls * Current Threats * Summary * CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY * Introduction * The Structured What-if Technique (SWIFT) * Advantages * Disadvantages * Bias * Primary Research Question * Secondary Research Questions * Process * Application of SWIFT * Logic Model * Evaluation Criteria * Conclusion * CHAPTER 4 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS * Introduction * Hypothesis and Primary Research Question * Secondary Research Questions * SWIFT Process * Doctrinal Context * Modeling Doctrine * Threat Context * Modeling Threat * SWIFT Experiments * Justification * Analysis * Conclusion * CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS * Introduction * Findings * Interpretation * Recommendations * Future Study * Final ThoughtsIn the last decade, CYBERCOM's efforts to protect the nation have contributed greatly to collective cyber-security. Remarkably, the command achieved this capability while also developing the force from nearly nothing. Returning to the hypothetical attack Deputy Secretary Hamre predicted in 1998, how would CYBERCOM manage the consequences of a successful cyber-attack on the nation? Based on existing frameworks, if a threat actor launched cyber-attacks on air traffic control systems and utilities, the Cyber National Mission Force would detect the threat, and in concert with other federal agencies, block the attack. Then CYBERCOM would use offensive capabilities to maneuver and defeat the threat (Department of Defense 2016). This series of actions parallels most of the CBRN response enterprise. However, what part of the cyber-security enterprise takes over if the CYBER NATIONAL MISSION FORCE fails to detect and block an attack? Currently, the management of any impact to critical infrastructure falls within the responsibility of Department of Homeland Security based on the National Response Framework (NRF).

Download or read book The Future Role of the Department of Defense in Protecting and Defending America s Economy in Cyberspace written by U S Army Command and General Staff Coll and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-07-11 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyberspace attacks continue in the United States with many of these incidents crossing international borders. The global nature of cyberspace makes it difficult to determine if a breach into a computer system is an act of cyberterrorism, cyber crime, or cyber warfare. An attack to steal credit card information may be all three simultaneous. The Department of Defense is ready to protect the nation against all enemies in the air, on the land, or on the sea. These domains are well protected with military forces postured to respond. Our nation's economy is under constant attack through the cyberspace domain. Attacks through electronic means happen at the speed of light and require a quick response to contain. Proactive approaches defend our borders, but not our economy. Instead, the United States has a passive defense relying on the goodwill of commercial enterprises and the investigative approaches of law enforcement agencies. Through the Untied States Cyber Command, the Department of Defense has capability that can be used to defend America. This work looks at the roles and responsibilities of the Department of Defense as it relates to Homeland Defense and the protection of credit card information transitioning across the Internet.

Download or read book Civil Support written by Joseph W. Kirschbaum and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-20 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyber threats to U.S. national and economic security are increasing in frequency, scale, sophistication, and severity of impact. The Department of Defense's (DOD's) 2013 Strategy for Homeland Defense and Defense Support of Civil Authorities states that DOD must be prepared to support civil authorities in all domains -- including cyberspace -- and recognizes that the department plays a crucial role in supporting a national effort to confront cyber threats to critical infrastructure. This report assesses the extent to which DOD has developed guidance that clearly defines the roles and responsibilities for providing support to civil authorities in response to a cyber incident. Includes recommendations. This is a print on demand report.

Download or read book Bytes Bombs and Spies written by Herbert Lin and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “We are dropping cyber bombs. We have never done that before.”—U.S. Defense Department official A new era of war fighting is emerging for the U.S. military. Hi-tech weapons have given way to hi tech in a number of instances recently: A computer virus is unleashed that destroys centrifuges in Iran, slowing that country’s attempt to build a nuclear weapon. ISIS, which has made the internet the backbone of its terror operations, finds its network-based command and control systems are overwhelmed in a cyber attack. A number of North Korean ballistic missiles fail on launch, reportedly because their systems were compromised by a cyber campaign. Offensive cyber operations like these have become important components of U.S. defense strategy and their role will grow larger. But just what offensive cyber weapons are and how they could be used remains clouded by secrecy. This new volume by Amy Zegart and Herb Lin is a groundbreaking discussion and exploration of cyber weapons with a focus on their strategic dimensions. It brings together many of the leading specialists in the field to provide new and incisive analysis of what former CIA director Michael Hayden has called “digital combat power” and how the United States should incorporate that power into its national security strategy.

Download or read book Studies Combined Cyber Warfare In Cyberspace National Defense Workforce And Legal Issues written by and published by Jeffrey Frank Jones. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 2822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just a sample of the contents ... contains over 2,800 total pages .... PROSPECTS FOR THE RULE OF LAW IN CYBERSPACE Cyberwarfare and Operational Art CYBER WARFARE GOVERNANCE: EVALUATION OF CURRENT INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON THE OFFENSIVE USE OF CYBER Cyber Attacks and the Legal Justification for an Armed Response UNTYING OUR HANDS: RECONSIDERING CYBER AS A SEPARATE INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL POWER Effects-Based Operations in the Cyber Domain Recommendations for Model-Driven Paradigms for Integrated Approaches to Cyber Defense MILLENNIAL WARFARE IGNORING A REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS: THE NEED TO CREATE A SEPARATE BRANCH OF THE ARMED FORCES FOR CYBER WARFARE SPECIAL OPERATIONS AND CYBER WARFARE LESSONS FROM THE FRONT: A CASE STUDY OF RUSSIAN CYBER WARFARE ADAPTING UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE DOCTRINE TO CYBERSPACE OPERATIONS: AN EXAMINATION OF HACKTIVIST BASED INSURGENCIES Addressing Human Factors Gaps in Cyber Defense Airpower History and the Cyber Force of the Future How Organization for the Cyber Domain Outpaced Strategic Thinking and Forgot the Lessons of the Past THE COMMAND OF THE TREND: SOCIAL MEDIA AS A WEAPON IN THE INFORMATION AGE SPYING FOR THE RIGHT REASONS: CONTESTED NORMS IN CYBERSPACE AIR FORCE CYBERWORX REPORT: REMODELING AIR FORCE CYBER COMMAND & CONTROL THE CYBER WAR: MAINTAINING AND CONTROLLING THE “KEY CYBER TERRAIN” OF THE CYBERSPACE DOMAIN WHEN NORMS FAIL: NORTH KOREA AND CYBER AS AN ELEMENT OF STATECRAFT AN ANTIFRAGILE APPROACH TO PREPARING FOR CYBER CONFLICT AIR FORCE CYBER MISSION ASSURANCE SOURCES OF MISSION UNCERTAINTY Concurrency Attacks and Defenses Cyber Workforce Retention Airpower Lessons for an Air Force Cyber-Power Targeting ¬Theory IS BRINGING BACK WARRANT OFFICERS THE ANSWER? A LOOK AT HOW THEY COULD WORK IN THE AIR FORCE CYBER OPERATIONS CAREER FIELD NEW TOOLS FOR A NEW TERRAIN AIR FORCE SUPPORT TO SPECIAL OPERATIONS IN THE CYBER ENVIRONMENT Learning to Mow Grass: IDF Adaptations to Hybrid Threats CHINA’S WAR BY OTHER MEANS: UNVEILING CHINA’S QUEST FOR INFORMATION DOMINANCE THE ISLAMIC STATE’S TACTICS IN SYRIA: ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN SHIFTING A PEACEFUL ARAB SPRING INTO TERRORISM NON-LETHAL WEAPONS: THE KEY TO A MORE AGGRESSIVE STRATEGY TO COMBAT TERRORISM THOUGHTS INVADE US: LEXICAL COGNITION AND CYBERSPACE The Cyber Threat to Military Just-In-Time Logistics: Risk Mitigation and the Return to Forward Basing PROSPECTS FOR THE RULE OF LAW IN CYBERSPACE Cyberwarfare and Operational Art CYBER WARFARE GOVERNANCE: EVALUATION OF CURRENT INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON THE OFFENSIVE USE OF CYBER Cyber Attacks and the Legal Justification for an Armed Response UNTYING OUR HANDS: RECONSIDERING CYBER AS A SEPARATE INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL POWER Effects-Based Operations in the Cyber Domain Recommendations for Model-Driven Paradigms for Integrated Approaches to Cyber Defense MILLENNIAL WARFARE IGNORING A REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS: THE NEED TO CREATE A SEPARATE BRANCH OF THE ARMED FORCES FOR CYBER WARFARE SPECIAL OPERATIONS AND CYBER WARFARE LESSONS FROM THE FRONT: A CASE STUDY OF RUSSIAN CYBER WARFARE ADAPTING UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE DOCTRINE TO CYBERSPACE OPERATIONS: AN EXAMINATION OF HACKTIVIST BASED INSURGENCIES Addressing Human Factors Gaps in Cyber Defense Airpower History and the Cyber Force of the Future How Organization for the Cyber Domain Outpaced Strategic Thinking and Forgot the Lessons of the Past THE COMMAND OF THE TREND: SOCIAL MEDIA AS A WEAPON IN THE INFORMATION AGE SPYING FOR THE RIGHT REASONS: CONTESTED NORMS IN CYBERSPACE AIR FORCE CYBERWORX REPORT: REMODELING AIR FORCE CYBER COMMAND & CONTROL THE CYBER WAR: MAINTAINING AND CONTROLLING THE “KEY CYBER TERRAIN” OF THE CYBERSPACE DOMAIN WHEN NORMS FAIL: NORTH KOREA AND CYBER AS AN ELEMENT OF STATECRAFT AN ANTIFRAGILE APPROACH TO PREPARING FOR CYBER CONFLICT AIR FORCE CYBER MISSION ASSURANCE SOURCES OF MISSION UNCERTAINTY Concurrency Attacks and Defenses Cyber Workforce Retention

Download or read book For the Common Defense of Cyberspace written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines the current cyber space threat against the US, the current gaps in combating it, and how a US cyber militia might fill those gaps. Militias have historically been used by the US as an emergency measure to protect national security and to defend the homeland in lieu of a regular standing force. Currently, there are cyber militias being utilized worldwide to do just that, but along virtual borders vice land, sea, air and space. Countries such as Estonia and India have combated State and Non-State actors successfully with all-volunteer cyber militias performing an array of tasks in the common defense of their cyber domain. The research compares the organizational structure, mission, formative strategic context, and notable actions of six volunteer cyber organizations through a qualitative case study analysis. Coupled with an extensive literature review, this study examines possible implications of a US cyber militia on US cyberspace security. The focus of the conclusions and recommendations are on the short and long term impacts a cyber militia could have on US defense operations. Since their inception, the executive and legislative branches of the United States (US) have worked in concert to fend off various threats for the common defense of the country. The US is now facing perhaps one of the most complicated, persistent and technical threats in its history via the man-made domain known as Cyberspace. This threat is complex because it is constantly evolving, lacks attribution, is easily accessible, relatively cheap, and it is growing exponentially. As this threat develops, the resources required to defend against it have and will continue to grow unless the government can create more innovative defenses. Specifically, the amount of time, money, and personnel required to combat the escalating threats in cyberspace have increased exponentially in order for the US to keep its long held advantages in the other warfare domains. This dramatic investment by the US has seemingly kept pace with the threat, and currently shows no signs of slowing down. Assured access to the world's shared spaces has been a pillar of US national security strategy since 1782 through its "free ship, free space" policy concerning navigation of the seas. The US has followed a similar policy in terms of assured access to cyberspace but there are unique and numerous issues that policymakers must understand to achieve this end state. These issues include competing funding priorities, a shortage in cyber security personnel, and a legislative system designed for rigor and not necessarily speed. However, the greatest issue is the nature of the threat itself. It is complex, uncertain, growing and affects anyone using a network. Public and private entities share varying degrees of vulnerabilities and the DoD is no different. There is an ever-increasing demand for weapon systems reliant upon cyber connectivity, a growing number of provocateurs with access to powerful viruses, and the fact remains that despite the increase in the complexity of defensive measures, there has not been a corresponding decrease in cyber-attacks. Additionally, current efforts to deter or coerce belligerents from performing cyber-attacks through political or economic sanctions will continue to remain ineffective until the anonymity provided by mostly open systems architecture is solved.

Download or read book Department of Defense Sponsored Information Security Research written by Department of Defense and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-09-11 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After September 11th, the Department of Defense (DoD) undertook a massive and classified research project to develop new security methods using technology in order to protect secret information from terrorist attacks Written in language accessible to a general technical reader, this book examines the best methods for testing the vulnerabilities of networks and software that have been proven and tested during the past five years An intriguing introductory section explains why traditional security techniques are no longer adequate and which new methods will meet particular corporate and industry network needs Discusses software that automatically applies security technologies when it recognizes suspicious activities, as opposed to people having to trigger the deployment of those same security technologies