Download or read book What is Real written by Balungi Francis and published by Blurb. This book was released on 2020-03-21 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What exactly is physical reality? In elegant and accessible prose, theoretical physicist Balungi Francis leads us on a wondrous journey from space-time singularities to Quantum Black Holes without information loss, from the Bekenstein-Hawking Area entropy law to his famous Volume entropy law of Black holes, from Modified Newtonian Dynamics, Dark Matter to Planck mass particles, from White Dwarfs to Black Holes and from General Relativity to his own work in Quantum Gravity. As he shows us how the idea of reality has evolved over time, Balungi offers deeper explanations of the theories he introduced so concisely in Quantum Gravity in a Nutshell1. Balungi invites us to imagine a marvelous world where space breaks up into tiny grains, singularities disappears, information loss in BHs resolved, time disappears at the smallest scales, and black holes are waiting to explode. This wonderful and exciting book is optimal for physics graduate students and researchers. The physical explanations are exceedingly well written and integrated with formulas. Quantum Gravity is the next big thing and this book will help the reader understand and use the theory.
Download or read book What is Real Space Time Singularities Or Quantum Black Holes Dark Matter Or Planck Mass Particles General Relativity Or Quantum Gr written by Balungi Francis and published by Bill Stone Services. This book was released on 2020-01-10 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What exactly is physical reality? In elegant and accessible prose, theoretical physicist Balungi Francis leads us on a wondrous journey from space time singularities to Quantum Black Holes without information loss, from the Bekenstein-Hawking Area entropy law to his famous Volume entropy law of Black holes, from Modified Newtonian Dynamics, Dark Matter to Planck mass particles, from White Dwarfs to Black Holes and from General Relativity to his own work in Quantum Gravity. As he shows us how the idea of reality has evolved over time, Balungi offers deeper explanations of the theories he introduced so concisely in Quantum Gravity in a Nutshell1. Balungi invites us to imagine a marvelous world where space breaks up into tiny grains, singularities disappears, information loss in Black holes resolved, time disappears at the smallest scales, and black holes are waiting to explode. This wonderful and exciting book is optimal for physics graduate students and researchers. The physical explanations are exceedingly well written and integrated with formulas. Quantum Gravity is the next big thing and this book will help the reader understand and use the theory.
Download or read book Quantum Black Holes written by Xavier Calmet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by foremost experts, this short book gives a clear description of the physics of quantum black holes. The reader will learn about quantum black holes in four and higher dimensions, primordial black holes, the production of black holes in high energy particle collisions, Hawking radiation, black holes in models of low scale quantum gravity and quantum gravitational aspects of black holes.
Download or read book Entropic Spacetime Theory written by Jack Armel and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-11-13 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets up a discrete universe with minimum and maximum dimensions. Singularity is rejected.Entropic Spacetime Theory divides the universe into a kinetic system and an entropic spacetime. The kinetic system is what our present physics is all about; it deals with radiation (vector bosons) and mass particles (fermions). Relativity and quantum mechanics deal almost entirely in the kinetic system.The entropic spacetime (EST) defines space; in this theory there is no vacuum — EST is space. Made up of energy and dipole charges, its values can be converted into length and time.The theory offers a new description of space, a new cosmology, names space as the original creator of all new matter and radiation.
Download or read book Regular Black Holes written by Cosimo Bambi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-06 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black holes are one of the most fascinating predictions of general relativity. They are the natural product of the complete gravitational collapse of matter and today we have a body of observational evidence supporting the existence of black holes in the Universe. However, general relativity predicts that at the center of black holes there are spacetime singularities, where predictability is lost and standard physics breaks down. It is widely believed that spacetime singularities are a symptom of the limitations of general relativity and must be solved within a theory of quantum gravity. Since we do not have yet any mature and reliable candidate for a quantum gravity theory, researchers have studied toy-models of singularity-free black holes and of singularity-free gravitational collapses in order to explore possible implications of the yet unknown theory of quantum gravity. This book reviews all main models of regular black holes and non-singular gravitational collapses proposed in the literature, and discuss the theoretical and observational implications of these scenarios.
Download or read book Gravity Black Holes and the Very Early Universe written by Tai L. Chow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-24 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here it is, in a nutshell: the history of one genius’s most crucial work – discoveries that were to change the face of modern physics. In the early 1900s, Albert Einstein formulated two theories that would forever change the landscape of physics: the Special Theory of Relativity and the General Theory of Relativity. Respected American academic Professor Tai Chow tells us the story of these discoveries. He details the basic ideas of Einstein, including his law of gravitation. Deftly employing his inimitable writing style, he goes on to explain the physics behind black holes, weaving into his account an explanation of the structure of the universe and the science of cosmology.
Download or read book Focus on Black Hole Research written by Paul V. Kreitler and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A black hole is a point of extreme mass in space-time with a radius, or event horizon, inside of which all electromagnetic radiation (including light) is trapped by gravity. A black hole is an extremely compact object, collapsed by gravity which has overcome electric and nuclear forces. It is believed that stars appreciably larger than the Sun, once they have exhausted all their nuclear fuel, collapse to form black holes: they are "black" because no light escapes their intense gravity. Material attracted to a black hole, though, gains enormous energy and can radiate part of it before being swallowed up. Some astronomers believe that enormously massive black holes exist in the centre of our galaxy and of other galaxies. This new book brings together leading research from through-out the world.
Download or read book Black Holes Cosmology And Extra Dimensions Second Edition written by Kirill A Bronnikov and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-06-29 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assuming basic knowledge of special and general relativity, this book guides the reader to problems under consideration in modern research, concerning black holes, wormholes, cosmology, and extra dimensions. Its first part is devoted to local strong field configurations (black holes and wormholes) in general relativity and its most relevant extensions: scalar-tensor, f(R), and multidimensional theories. The second part discusses cosmology, including inflation and problems of a unified description of the whole evolution of the universe. The third part concerns multidimensional theories of gravity and contains a number of original results obtained by the authors. Expository work is conducted for a mechanism of symmetries and fundamental constants formation. The original approach to nonlinear multidimensional gravity that is able to construct a unique perspective describing different phenomena is highlighted.Much of the content was previously presented only in journal publications and is new for book contents, e.g., on regular black holes, various scalar field solutions, wormholes and their stability, inflation, clusters of primordial black holes, and multidimensional gravity. The last two topics are added in this new edition of the book. The other chapters are also updated to include new discoveries like the detection of gravitational waves.
Download or read book 2nd Karl Schwarzschild Meeting on Gravitational Physics written by Piero Nicolini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-22 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the 2nd Karl Schwarzschild Meeting on Gravitational Physics, focused on the general theme of black holes, gravity and information.Specialists in the field of black hole physics and rising young researchers present the latest findings on the broad topic of black holes, gravity, and information, highlighting its applications to astrophysics, cosmology, particle physics, and strongly correlated systems.
Download or read book The Galaxy written by Steff Jaywan and published by Dedona Publishing. This book was released on with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of 3 titles, which are the following: Dark Matter - In the vast expanse of the cosmos, there exists an enigmatic substance that eludes detection yet exerts a profound influence on the universe's structure and evolution. This substance, known as dark matter, remains one of the greatest mysteries of modern astrophysics, captivating the imaginations of scientists and enthusiasts alike. Galaxies - Galaxies are dynamic entities, constantly evolving through processes like mergers, collisions, and interactions with neighboring galaxies. When galaxies merge, their stars, gas, and dust can undergo dramatic transformations, leading to the formation of new stars and restructuring of the galaxy's shape. These interactions can trigger intense bursts of star formation and feed supermassive black holes at the galaxies' centers, leading to the emission of powerful jets of radiation. Quantum Gravity - General relativity, developed by Albert Einstein, describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy. It works extremely well at large scales, such as in predicting planetary orbits and the behavior of black holes. On the other hand, quantum mechanics deals with the fundamental behavior of particles at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. It incorporates principles like wave-particle duality, quantization, and uncertainty.
Download or read book Space Time and Gravity written by Robert M. Wald and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992-05 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writing for the general reader or student, Wald has completely revised and updated this highly regarded work to include recent developments in black hole physics and cosmology. Nature called the first edition "a very readable and accurate account of modern relativity physics for the layman within the unavoidable constraint of almost no mathematics. . . . A well written, entertaining and authoritative book."
Download or read book The singularities as ontological limits of the general relativity written by Nicolae Sfetcu and published by Nicolae Sfetcu. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ESSAYS Collection The singularities from the general relativity resulting by solving Einstein's equations were and still are the subject of many scientific debates: Are there singularities in spacetime, or not? Big Bang was an initial singularity? If singularities exist, what is their ontology? Is the general theory of relativity a theory that has shown its limits in this case? In this essay I argue that there are singularities, and the general theory of relativity, as any other scientific theory at present, is not valid for singularities. But that does not mean, as some scientists think, that it must be regarded as being obsolete. After a brief presentation of the specific aspects of Newtonian classical theory and the special theory of relativity, and a brief presentation of the general theory of relativity, the chapter Ontology of General Relativity presents the ontological aspects of general relativity. The next chapter, Singularities, is dedicated to the presentation of the singularities resulting in general relativity, the specific aspects of the black holes and the event horizon, including the Big Bang debate as original singularity, and arguments for the existence of the singularities. In Singularity Ontology, I am talking about the possibilities of ontological framing of singularities in general and black holes in particular, about the hole argument highlighted by Einstein, and the arguments presented by scientists that there are no singularities and therefore that the general theory of relativity is in deadlock. In Conclusions I outline and summarize briefly the arguments that support my above views. CONTENTS Abstract Introduction Classical Theory and Special Relativity General Relativity (GR) 1 Ontology of General Relativity 2 Singularities Black Holes Event Horizon Big Bang Are there Singularities? 3 Ontology of Singularities Ontology of black holes The hole argument There are no singularities Conclusions Notes Bibliography
Download or read book Advanced General Relativity written by Claude Barrabès and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed at students making the transition from a first course on general relativity to a specialized subfield. It presents a variety of topics under the general headings of gravitational waves in vacuo and in a cosmological setting, equations of motion, and black holes, all having a clear physical relevance and a strong emphasis on space-time geometry. Each chapter could be used as a basis for an early postgraduate project for those who are exploring avenues into research in general relativity and who have already accumulated the required technical knowledge. The presentation of each chapter is research monograph style, rather than text book style, in order to impress on interested students the need to present their research in a clear and concise format. Students with advanced preparation in general relativity theory might find a treasure trove here.
Download or read book Quantum Singularities in Black Hole Spacetime Systems with Timelike Classical Singularities written by Drew M. Weninger and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "General relativity is currently the best theory that describes gravitation, one of the four basic forces of nature. A thorough understanding of general relativity is essential for navigation systems reliant upon GPS to operate with accurate and precise measurements over time. Classical general relativity predicts the existence of irremovable singularities, points in space where a mathematical description of the spacetime "breaks down" due to geodesic incompleteness. These singularities are found in a host of relativistic spacetimes, including those of observable astrophysical objects such as black hole systems. In our study, timelike curvature singularities associated with a group of super-extremal spacetimes are analyzed with a quantum wave packet in place of geodesic incompleteness. In this case, these singularities may be "removed" or "healed" without imposing boundary conditions. The super- extremal spacetimes explored include overcharged and overspinning black hole systems with naked singularities and different assumptions such as penetration by a cosmic string, a higher dimensional universe background, or in expanding or contracting cosmologies. The technique to determine quantum singularities focuses on analysis of the spatial segment of the minimally coupled, relativistic Klein Gordon wave operator for a massive scalar particle and whether it is essentially self-adjoint. Both, Weyl's limit-point, limit-circle criterion and deficiency indices are used to determine self-adjointness. By using self-adjointness properties, the spacetime can be characterized as quantum mechanically singular or non- singular. This method can help in determining the behavior of quantum particles, including the Higgs and other bosons found in spontaneous symmetry breaking models, near a black hole singularity. Our results indicate the quantum wave operator is not essentially self-adjoint for the spherically-symmetric spacetimes and spacetimes with cosmic strings. Hence, they contain quantum singularities. Finally, for a wave packet in the vicinity of a rotating black hole's naked singularity, the wave operator is not essentially-self adjoint indicating quantum singularities exist and the ring singularity is not 'healed'."--from abstract.
Download or read book Pseudo Complex General Relativity written by Peter O. Hess and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-31 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the role of singularities in general relativity (GR): The theory predicts that when a sufficient large mass collapses, no known force is able to stop it until all mass is concentrated at a point. The question arises, whether an acceptable physical theory should have a singularity, not even a coordinate singularity. The appearance of a singularity shows the limitations of the theory. In GR this limitation is the strong gravitational force acting near and at a super-massive concentration of a central mass. First, a historical overview is given, on former attempts to extend GR (which includes Einstein himself), all with distinct motivations. It will be shown that the only possible algebraic extension is to introduce pseudo-complex (pc) coordinates, otherwise for weak gravitational fields non-physical ghost solutions appear. Thus, the need to use pc-variables. We will see, that the theory contains a minimal length, with important consequences. After that, the pc-GR is formulated and compared to the former attempts. A new variational principle is introduced, which requires in the Einstein equations an additional contribution. Alternatively, the standard variational principle can be applied, but one has to introduce a constraint with the same former results. The additional contribution will be associated to vacuum fluctuation, whose dependence on the radial distance can be approximately obtained, using semi-classical Quantum Mechanics. The main point is that pc-GR predicts that mass not only curves the space but also changes the vacuum structure of the space itself. In the following chapters, the minimal length will be set to zero, due to its smallness. Nevertheless, the pc-GR will keep a remnant of the pc-description, namely that the appearance of a term, which we may call "dark energy", is inevitable. The first application will be discussed in chapter 3, namely solutions of central mass distributions. For a non-rotating massive object it is the pc-Schwarzschild solution, for a rotating massive object the pc-Kerr solution and for a charged massive object it will be the Reissner-Nordström solution. This chapter serves to become familiar on how to resolve problems in pc-GR and on how to interpret the results. One of the main consequences is, that we can eliminate the event horizon and thus there will be no black holes. The huge massive objects in the center of nearly any galaxy and the so-called galactic black holes are within pc-GR still there, but with the absence of an event horizon! Chapter 4 gives another application of the theory, namely the Robertson-Walker solution, which we use to model different outcomes of the evolution of the universe. Finally the capability of this theory to predict new phenomena is illustrated.
Download or read book The Great Cosmic Sea of Reality written by Timothy Fulton Johns and published by Page Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, I will attempt to explain very difficult concepts that do in fact have the foundation of scientific studies over several decades. The paper will explain how the work of several scientists have put different pieces of the puzzle in place, but presumably, none of them individually was able to see the bigger picture their piece of the puzzle reveals. This book will explain how the evolution of our planet and its biosphere, which has been well established, is linked and actively evolving with our cosmos through a complex network of powerful morphic fields at all scales. The Earth, like the nucleus of an atom, exists within the cosmos both at different scales; however, both are seemingly adrift in an abyss of the cosmic sea under its control, and both are a very small part of a much larger evolutionary process of our reality yet in constant motion. I will share intuitive ideas or theories that I believe best explain the known facts proven by scientific evidence of the nature of the fabric of our cosmic sea in which we coexist with one another and other worlds, both terrestrial and extraterrestrial.
Download or read book Bangs Crunches Whimpers and Shrieks written by John Earman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1995-11-02 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost from its inception, Einstein's general theory of relativity was known to sanction spacetime models harboring singularities. Until the 1960s, however, spacetime singularities were thought to be artifacts of the idealizations of the models. This attitude evaporated in the face of a series of theorems, due largely to Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose, which showed that Einstein's general theory implies that singularities can be expected to occur in a wide variety of conditions in both gravitational collapse and in cosmology. In the light of these results some physicists adopted the attitude that, since spacetime singularities are intolerable, general relativity contains within itself the seeds of its own destruction. Others hoped that peaceful coexistence with singularities could be achieved by proving a form of Roger Penrose's cosmic censorship hypothesis, which would place singularities safely inside black holes. Whatever the attitude one adopts toward spacetime singularities, it is evident that they raise a number of foundational problems for physics and have profound implications for the philosophy of space and time. However, philosophers of science have been slow to awaken to the significance of these developments. Indeed, this is the first serious book-length study of the subject by a philosopher of science. It features an overview of the literature on singularities, as well as an analytic commentary on their significance to a number of scientific and philosophical issues.
