Download or read book What Drove the Mass Migrations from Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century written by T. J. Hatton and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the determinants of overseas mass migration from eleven European countries in the late 19th century. They typically passed through something like a half-century life-cycle: a steep rise in emigration rates from low levels in preindustrial decades, followed by a plateau of very high emigration, and then a subsequent fall during more mature stages of industrialization. Using a new real wage data base, we are able to isolate the impact of economic and demographic forces (associated with the industrial revolution) on this emigration experience. The steep rise in emigration rates was driven mainly by fertility boom and infant mortality decline, events early in the demographic transition which, with a two decade lag, tended to glut the age cohort most responsive to wage gaps between the labor-abundant Old World and the labor-scarce New World. The steep fall in emigration rates was driven mainly by the forces of convergence and catching up -- more rapid real wage growth at home encouraged an increasingly large share to stay at home. Since we show elsewhere that these mass migrations contributed significantly to an impressive late 19th century economic convergence, they can be viewed as an important part of a long run equilibrium adjustment manifested by an evolving global labor market.
Download or read book The Age of Mass Migration written by T. J. Hatton and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes statistics.
Download or read book Global Migration and the World Economy written by T. J. Hatton and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 2005 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deals with the two great migration waves: from 1820 to the outbreak of World War I, when immigration was nearly unrestricted; since 1950, when mass migration continued to grow despite policy restrictions. Covers north-north and south-north migration, i.e. to the New World and contemporary Europe, as well as south-south migration. Assesses the impact on the migrants themselves, and repercussions on the sending and receiving countries.
Download or read book Mass Migration Under Sail written by Raymond L. Cohn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr Cohn provides an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the economic history of European immigration to the antebellum United States, using and evaluating the available data as well as presenting fresh data. This analysis centers on immigration from the three most important source countries - Ireland, Germany, and Great Britain - and examines the volume of immigration, how many individuals came from each country during the antebellum period, and why those numbers increased. The book also analyzes where they came from within each country; who chose to immigrate; the immigrants' trip to the United States, including estimates of mortality on the Atlantic crossing; the jobs obtained in the United States by the immigrants, along with their geographic location; and the economic effects of immigration on both the immigrants and the antebellum United States. No other book examines so many different economic aspects of antebellum immigration.
Download or read book Emigration from Europe 1815 1930 written by Dudley Baines and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-09-14 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did 60 million people leave Europe for overseas destinations in the hundred years after the Napoleonic Wars? What were the social and economic causes and effects of this mass migration? Why did some people emigrate and not others, and why did so many emigrants return to Europe? This short comprehensive survey answers these and other questions regarding emigration from different parts of Europe in the years between 1815 and 1930. Written specifically for undergraduate students, it reviews the current literature in several European languages, summarises both economic and demographic theories, and analyses the relation between economic change in Europe and the emigration rate, as well as discussing the economic effects of immigration on the receiving countries and the social experiences or the immigrants.
Download or read book Migration and the International Labor Market 1850 1939 written by Tim Hatton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-08-12 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the reasons for international migration during the era of mass migrations and examines the resulting economic effect.
Download or read book International Migration During the 19th Century written by Malte Wagenknecht and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-08-27 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1,0, Abo Akademi, Finnland (Hanken), course: Economic History and Development, 19 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Human migration denotes any movement of groups of people from one locality to another, rather than of individual wanderers. Over the course of prehistoric time and in history, humans have been known to make large migrations . The term "migration" refers to the territorial mobility determined by economic reasons (e.g. the research of better working conditions) or politic reasons (e.g. the research of more suitable situations for the exert of collective and individuals rights). The aim of this paper is to analyze the migration process that interested most of the 19th century. In order to understand the phenomenon I will try to find out the economic and social reasons and the individual motivations of migrants that led to this big and massive movement of human and capital resources. I will then try to understand which has been the importance of this phenomenon in the definition of the new cultural and economic world asset. The history of each of the countries is reflected in their emigration distribution patterns.
Download or read book The Great Departure Mass Migration from Eastern Europe and the Making of the Free World written by Tara Zahra and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Zahra handles this immensely complicated and multidimensional history with remarkable clarity and feeling." —Robert Levgold, Foreign Affairs Between 1846 and 1940, more than 50 million Europeans moved to the Americas in one of the largest migrations of human history, emptying out villages and irrevocably changing both their new homes and the ones they left behind. With a keen historical perspective on the most consequential social phenomenon of the twentieth century, Tara Zahra shows how the policies that gave shape to this migration provided the precedent for future events such as the Holocaust, the closing of the Iron Curtain, and the tragedies of ethnic cleansing. In the epilogue, she places the current refugee crisis within the longer history of migration.
Download or read book Late comers to Mass Emigration written by Timothy J. Hatton and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Latin countries -- Italy, Portugal and Spain -- were industrial late-comers and only experienced mass emigration late in the 19th century. When they did join the European mass migration, they did so in great numbers. The fact that they joined the mass migrations late, that they were poor by West European standards, and that so many went to Latin America, has generated a number of debates on both sides of the Atlantic. This paper uses a late 19th century panel data set (including purchasing-power-parity adjusted real wages) for twelve European countries to find that Latin emigration behavior was no different than that of northwestern Europe: for example, Latin emigrant labor supplies were not relatively elastic, contrary to the hypothesis made famous by Sir Arthur Lewis. What made Latin experience different was the underlying economic and demographic fundamentals driving the experience.
Download or read book Migration Theory written by Caroline B. Brettell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-25 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade the issue of migration has increased in global prominence and has caused controversy among host countries around the world. To remedy the tendency of scholars to speak only to and from their own disciplinary perspective, this book brings together in a single volume essays dealing with central concepts and key theoretical issues in the study of international migration across the social sciences. Editors Caroline B. Brettell and James F. Hollifield have guided a thorough revision of this seminal text, with valuable insights from such fields as anthropology, demography, economics, geography, history, law, political science, and sociology. Each essay focuses on key concepts, questions, and theoretical frameworks on the topic of international migration in a particular discipline, but the volume as a whole teaches readers about similarities and differences across the boundaries between one academic field and the next. How, for example, do political scientists wrestle with the question of citizenship as compared with sociologists, and how different is this from the questions that anthropologists explore when they deal with ethnicity and identity? Are economic theories about ethnic enclaves similar to those of sociologists? What theories do historians (the "essentializers") and demographers (the "modelers") draw upon in their attempts to explain empirical phenomena in the study of immigration? What are the units of analysis in each of the disciplines and do these shape different questions and diverse models and theories? Scholars and students in migration studies will find this book a powerful theoretical guide and a text that brings them up to speed quickly on the important issues and the debates. All of the social science disciplines will find that this book offers a one-stop synthesis of contemporary thought on migration.
Download or read book Late Comers to Mass Emigration written by Timothy J. Hatton and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Latin countries -- Italy, Portugal and Spain -- were industrial late-comers and only experienced mass emigration late in the 19th century. When they did join the European mass migration, they did so in great numbers. The fact that they joined the mass migrations late, that they were poor by West European standards, and that so many went to Latin America, has generated a number of debates on both sides of the Atlantic. This paper uses a late 19th century panel data set (including purchasing-power-parity adjusted real wages) for twelve European countries to find that Latin emigration behavior was no different than that of northwestern Europe: for example, Latin emigrant labor supplies were not relatively elastic, contrary to the hypothesis made famous by Sir Arthur Lewis. What made Latin experience different was the underlying economic and demographic fundamentals driving the experience.
Download or read book Chinese Diasporas written by Steven B. Miles and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise and compelling survey of Chinese migration in global history centered on Chinese migrants and their families.
Download or read book Globalization in Historical Perspective written by Michael D. Bordo and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As awareness of the process of globalization grows and the study of its effects becomes increasingly important to governments and businesses (as well as to a sizable opposition), the need for historical understanding also increases. Despite the importance of the topic, few attempts have been made to present a long-term economic analysis of the phenomenon, one that frames the issue by examining its place in the long history of international integration. This volume collects eleven papers doing exactly that and more. The first group of essays explores how the process of globalization can be measured in terms of the long-term integration of different markets-from the markets for goods and commodities to those for labor and capital, and from the sixteenth century to the present. The second set of contributions places this knowledge in a wider context, examining some of the trends and questions that have emerged as markets converge and diverge: the roles of technology and geography are both considered, along with the controversial issues of globalization's effects on inequality and social justice and the roles of political institutions in responding to them. The final group of essays addresses the international financial systems that play such a large part in guiding the process of globalization, considering the influence of exchange rate regimes, financial development, financial crises, and the architecture of the international financial system itself. This volume reveals a much larger picture of the process of globalization, one that stretches from the establishment of a global economic system during the nineteenth century through the disruptions of two world wars and the Great Depression into the present day. The keen analysis, insight, and wisdom in this volume will have something to offer a wide range of readers interested in this important issue.
Download or read book Convergence in the Age of Mass Migration written by Alan M. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1870 and 1913, economic convergence among present OECD members (or even a wider sample of countries) was dramatic, about as dramatic as it has been over the past century and a half. The convergence can be documented in GDP per worker-hour, GDP per capita and in real wages. What were the sources of the convergence? One prime candidate is mass migration. In the absence of quotas, this was a period of open international migration, and the numbers who elected to move were enormous. If international migration is ever to play a role in contributing to convergence, the pre-quota period surely should be it. This paper offers some estimates which suggest that migration could account for very large shares of the convergence in GDP per worker and real wages, though a much smaller share in GDP per capita. One might conclude, therefore, that the interwar cessation of convergence could be partially explained by the imposition of quotas and other barriers to migration. The paper concludes with caution as it enumerates the possible offsets to the mass migration impact which our partial equilibrium analysis ignores, and with the plea that convergence models pay more attention to open-economy forces.
Download or read book The Business of Transatlantic Migration Between Europe and the United States 1900 1914 written by Drew Keeling and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass migration as a transnational business in long distance travel. This is the first systematic examination of the business of mass migration travel across the North Atlantic during the period of unprecedented globalization prior to World War I. It explicates the reinforcing interests and actions of the oceanic shipping lines, their migrant customers, and contemporary government authorities, in coping with the substantial risks of mass physical relocation, particularly those due to cyclical economic recessions, and in keeping migration safe, smooth and largely self-regulated. In a comprehensive analysis backed up by extensive and consistent statistics, it details the motives and mechanisms by which these eleven million Europe-born migrants made nineteen million ocean crossings on eighteen thousand voyages of several hundred large steamships, generating hundreds of millions of dollars in revenues for these steamship lines during the pivotal peak years of early twentieth century migration between Europe and America, and it describes how this long-lived long-distance travel business operated as the crucial common denominator of the greatest and most ethnically diverse mass transoceanic relocation ever.--Back cover.
Download or read book Globalizing Southeastern Europe written by Ulf Brunnbauer and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2016-01-14 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the end of the nineteenth century, Southeastern Europe became a prime sending region of emigrants to overseas countries, in particular the United States. This massive movement of people ended in 1914 but remained consequential long thereafter, as emigration had created networks, memories, and attitudes that shaped social and political practices in Southeastern Europe long after the emigrants had left. This book’s main concern is to reconstruct the political and socioeconomic impact of emigration on Southeastern Europe. In contrast to migration studies’ traditional focus on immigration, this book concentrates on the sending countries. The author provides a comparative analysis of the socioeconomic causes and consequences of emigration and argues that migrant networks and emulation effects were crucial for the persistence of migration inclinations. It also brings the state back in the emigration story and discusses political responses towards emigration by governments in the region before 1914. Emigration policy became closely aligned with nation-building and social engineering. These stances continued even after emigration had subsided: interwar Yugoslavia, which is studied in detail, tried to create a Yugoslav “diaspora” in America by turning emigrants from its territory into expatriate citizens. Hence, a nationalizing state exploited transnational linkages. The book closes with the emigration policies of communist Yugoslavia until the early 1960s,when experiments and experiences of the government were crucial for its eventual decision to liberalize labor migration to the West (the only communist government to do so). A paramount reason for this was the fact that emigrants, both as a place of memory and a source of remittances, continued to be significant. This book therefore presents emigration as a complex social phenomenon that requires a multifaceted historical approach in order to reveal the effects of migration on different temporal and spatial scales.
Download or read book An Investigation Into the Structural Causes of German American Mass Migration in the Nineteenth Century written by James Boyd and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the most prolific emigration of any European peoples to the United States in the nineteenth century. From the close of the Napoleonic Wars to the turn of the twentieth century, some 5 million people left the area outlined by Bismarck's Reich, headed for America.1 As a consequence of this migration, Germans represent the largest ethnic heritage group in the modern day United States. As of 2008, official German heritage in the U.S. (the lineage of at least one parent) was 50,271,790, against a total population of 304,059,728, a 16.5% share.2 By comparison, those of Irish heritage numbered 36,278,332, and those of Mexican heritage 30,272,000.3 During the nineteenth century, the mass movement of Germans across the Atlantic occurred in distinct phases. The period between 1830 and the mid--1840s was a period of growth; the annual figure of 10,000 departures was reached by 1832, and by the time of the 1848 revolutions, nearly half a million had left for the USA. Then, between the late 1840s and the early 1880s, a prolonged and heavy mass movement took place, during which the number of departures achieved close to, or exceeded, three quarters of a million per decade. Then, from the mid--1880s to the outbreak of the First World War, the emigration entered terminal decline. The last significant years of emigration were recorded in 1891--2; by the turn of the twentieth century, it was all but over.
