Download or read book What Drove Relative Wages in France written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book What Drove Relative Wages in France written by Sébastien Jean and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ce travail analyse les causes d'évolution structurelle des salaires réels concurrentiels des travailleurs qualifiés et non qualifiés en France, entre 1970 et 1992. L'analyse menée s'inscrit dans un cadre néo-classique, et repose sur une utilisation particulière d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable. Le modèle n'est pas utilisé pour effectuer des simulations prospectives concernant l'effet d'un choc donné ; il sert à évaluer quelle a été la contribution des grandes catégories de chocs exogènes (progrès technique, accumulation de facteurs, modification des goûts des consommateurs, ouverture commerciale) dans les évolutions structurelles observées entre ces deux dates. Cette méthode présente l'avantage de fournir une évaluation cohérente des différents effets, à la fois en termes de méthodologie (un seul modèle structurel est utilisé) et en termes de résultats (la somme des contributions estimées est effectivement égale à la variation totale observée). Le modèle utilisé distingue trois facteurs de production (travail qualifié, travail non qualifié et capital) et décompose l'économie française en neuf secteurs, en prenant en compte séparément pour chacun d'eux les flux de commerce extérieur avec les pays pauvres et avec les pays riches. Les secteurs industriels sont supposés bénéficier d'économie d'échelle, dans un contexte de concurrence monopolistique à la Cournot. Le salaire réel (calculé ici comme la rémunération réelle totale, y compris les charges sociales employeurs et salariés) du travail non qualifié en France a augmenté plus rapidement, entre 1970 et 1992, que celui du travail qualifié : + 51 %, contre + 33 %. Mais un chômage structurel s'est développé dans le même temps, passant d'un niveau négligeable à 7 % environ, et ce type de chômage touche exclusivement les non-qualifiés. Le modèle n'étant pas destiné à décrire les imperfections du marché du travail, le problème est posé ici en termes de niveau concurrentiel de salaire des différentes catégories de travail ; cela signifie qu'une simulation est effectuée, à partir de la base de donnée décrivant l'économie française en 1992, pour déterminer quel serait son état d'équilibre si les salaires étaient parfaitement flexibles, et donc si le chômage structurel était nul. Ce sont les rémunérations des facteurs dans cette dernière situation de plein emploi (les chômages frictionnel et conjoncturel ne sont pas pris en compte dans une analyse de ce type) que nous considérons comme concurrentielles. Cette correction amène à revoir à la baisse l'évolution du salaire du travail non qualifié, et à la hausse celle du salaire des qualifiés. Finalement, d'après nos estimations, le salaire réel concurrentiel aurait augmenté d'environ 40 %, pour les qualifiés comme pour les non-qualifiés. Cette stagnation du niveau concurrentiel du salaire relatif qualifiés / non-qualifiés est le résultat d'effets contraires d'ampleur importante. Nos simulations indiquent ainsi que le progrès technique aurait eu un fort impact positif sur le salaire relatif des qualifiés, tandis que l'effet des variations des offres de facteurs de production est fortement négatif. L'évolution des goûts des consommateurs a une influence positive, mais d'ampleur nettement plus faible, sur le salaire relatif des qualifiés, du fait du déplacement de la demande vers le secteur des services, dont la main-d'œuvre est plus qualifiée que la moyenne. Le commerce international a un impact positif sur la rémunération de chacun des trois facteurs, principalement en raison de la baisse du prix relatif des importations. Cet effet est plus favorable sur le travail qualifié, mais son salaire relatif par rapport au travail non qualifié est peu modifié. Ce n'est plus le cas dès que l'on suppose que le commerce international a un impact endogène sur la productivité et la qualification du travail au sein des secteurs : l'ouverture commerciale apparaît alors comme un facteur d'accroissement sensible du salaire relatif du travail qualifié par rapport au travail non qualifié.

Download or read book Technological Change Relative Wages and Unemployment written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-09-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of skill-biased technological change on the structure of wages, the composition of employment and the level of unemployment in a two-sector economy with a heterogenous work force. Efficiency wage considerations and minimum wage legislation lead to labor market segmentation. A technological shock that reduces the demand for unskilled labor and raises the demand for skilled labor in the primary, high-wage sector is shown to increase the relative wage of skilled workers and reduce aggregate employment as well as the employment level of unskilled workers in that sector. The net effect of the shock on the employment level of skilled workers is mitigated by the existence of efficiency factors.

Download or read book Principles of Political Economy written by Joseph Shield Nicholson and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fighting Europe s Unemployment in the 1990s written by Herbert Giersch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the five books listed above on an earlier page, the Egon Sohmen-Foundation herewith submits its sixth volume. Once again, it is a collection of academic papers that were discussed at a symposium sponsored by the Foundation and subsequently revised. Readers not familiar with the Foundation may be interested to know that it was established in 1987 by Helmut Sohmen of Hong Kong in memory of his late brother, Egon Sohmen (1930-1977). Egon Soh men was an international economist highly respected in North America and in Europe, notably for his work on flexible exchange rates and on the economics of allocation and competition. Born in Linz (Austria) and educated as an economist in Vienna, Tiibingen, and Cambridge, Mass., Egon Sohmen held teaching posts in several places (M.I.T., Yale, Frankfurt, Saarbriicken, Minnesota, and Heidelberg). As an active participant in numerous international con ferences and workshops, he truly belonged to the international research community of his time and age cohort. His lasting reputation greatly helped me to convene the active participants of this symposium.

Download or read book Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of Economic Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Changes in the Relative Structure of Wages and Employment written by David Edward Card and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standard models suggest that adverse labor demand shocks will lead to bigger employment losses if institutional factors like minimum wages and trade unions prevent downward wage adjustments. Some economists have argued that this insight explains the contrast between the United States, where real wages fell over the 1980s and aggregate employment expanded vigorously, and Europe, where real wages were (roughly) constant and employment was stagnant. We test this hypothesis by comparing changes in wages and employment rates over the 1980s for different age and education groups in the United States, Canada, and France. We argue that the same forces that led to falling real wages for less-skilled workers in the U.S. affected similar workers in Canada and France. Consistent with the view that labor market institutions are more rigid in France, and more flexible in the U.S., we find that relative wages of less-skilled workers fell the most in the U.S., fell somewhat less in Canada, and did not fall at all in France. Contrary to expectations, however, we find little evidence that wage inflexibilities generated divergent patterns of relative employment growth across the three countries

Download or read book International Trade and Core Labour Standards written by Drusilla K. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Competitiveness and External Trade Performance of the French Manufacturing Industry written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-12-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an assessment of competitiveness and external trade performance of the French manufacturing industry during the 1980s and early 1990s. The first part of the paper reviews developments in a broad range of competitiveness indicators. The analysis indicates that the manufacturing sector appears to have maintained its competitive position in recent years. The second part discusses developments in export market shares. The third part estimates a vector error correction model relating the trade ratio to relative unit labor costs, domestic and foreign demand, and nonprice competitiveness. Variance decompositions suggest that fluctuations in price and nonprice competitiveness account for about two-fifths of fluctuations in manufacturing trade flows.

Download or read book Globalization and Labour Markets written by David Greenaway and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set collects papers that have played a particularly important role in the development of research on some aspect of the relationship between globalization and labor markets, or are excellent illustrations of one or another aspect of the relevant questions. Themes include general equilibrium theory, which sets the context for subsequent discussion; trade and wages, labor market microstructure and adjustment, and empirical research on trade and employment; migration and labor market adjustment; and foreign direct investment and labor markets. Most of the papers were written in the 1980s and 1990s. Each volume contains an introduction to the included literature. Edited by David Greenaway (economics, U. of Nottingham) and Douglas R. Nelson (economics and political economy, Tulane U.). Lacks a subject index. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Mass Flourishing written by Edmund S. Phelps and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-08-19 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Nobel Prize-winning economist Edmund Phelps draws on a lifetime of thinking to make a sweeping new argument about what makes nations prosper--and why the sources of that prosperity are under threat today. Why did prosperity explode in some nations between the 1820s and 1960s, creating not just unprecedented material wealth but "flourishing"--meaningful work, self-expression, and personal growth for more people than ever before? Phelps makes the case that the wellspring of this flourishing was modern values such as the desire to create, explore, and meet challenges. These values fueled the grassroots dynamism that was necessary for widespread, indigenous innovation. Most innovation wasn't driven by a few isolated visionaries like Henry Ford and Steve Jobs; rather, it was driven by millions of people empowered to think of, develop, and market innumerable new products and processes, and improvements to existing ones. Mass flourishing--a combination of material well-being and the "good life" in a broader sense--was created by this mass innovation. Yet indigenous innovation and flourishing weakened decades ago. In America, evidence indicates that innovation and job satisfaction have decreased since the late 1960s, while postwar Europe has never recaptured its former dynamism. The reason, Phelps argues, is that the modern values underlying the modern economy are under threat by a resurgence of traditional, corporatist values that put the community and state over the individual. The ultimate fate of modern values is now the most pressing question for the West: will Western nations recommit themselves to modernity, grassroots dynamism, indigenous innovation, and widespread personal fulfillment, or will we go on with a narrowed innovation that limits flourishing to a few? A book of immense practical and intellectual importance, Mass Flourishing is essential reading for anyone who cares about the sources of prosperity and the future of the West.

Download or read book Monthly Labor Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publishes in-depth articles on labor subjects, current labor statistics, information about current labor contracts, and book reviews.

Download or read book Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor written by and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 1096 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economics of Monetary Union written by Paul de Grauwe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twelfth edition of Economics of Monetary Union provides a concise analysis of the theories and policies relating to monetary union. The author addresses current issues surrounding the Eurozone, including; a critical discussion of the costs and benefits of possible exits by its member countries, an analysis of the role of the ECB as new single supervisor and detail on the sovereign debt crisis. In Part One the author examines the implications of adopting a common currency, assessing the benefit to each country from being a member of the Eurozone, whilst also questioning whether other parts of the world would gain from monetary unification. Part Two of the book looks at the problems of running a monetary union by analysing Europe's experience and the issues faced by the European Central Bank. The book is accompanied by online resources that feature: For students: - Links to data sources - Essay questions - Web links - Paul De Grauwe on Twitter For Lecturers: - PowerPoint slides - Instructor's manual

Download or read book Globalisation and Labour Market Adjustment written by David Greenaway and published by Palgrave MacMillan. This book was released on 2008-04-17 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores theoretical developments of trade models, examining labour mobility, unemployment and training in models of international trade, as well as migration and labour markets, the wage and unemployment impacts of adjustment, adjustment and occupational mobility, exchange rate fluctuations and trade exposure, fragmentation and the labour market.

Download or read book The Coal Trade Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: