Download or read book Well Production Performance Analysis for Shale Gas Reservoirs written by Liehui Zhang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Well Production Performance Analysis for Shale Gas Reservoirs, Volume 66 presents tactics and discussions that are urgently needed by the petroleum community regarding unconventional oil and gas resources development and production. The book breaks down the mechanics of shale gas reservoirs and the use of mathematical models to analyze their performance. - Features an in-depth analysis of shale gas horizontal fractured wells and how they differ from their conventional counterparts - Includes detailed information on the testing of fractured horizontal wells before and after fracturing - Offers in-depth analysis of numerical simulation and the importance of this tool for the development of shale gas reservoirs

Download or read book Production Trends of Shale Gas Wells written by Waqar A. Khan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To obtain better well performance and improved production from shale gas reservoirs, it is important to understand the behavior of shale gas wells and to identify different flow regions in them over a period of time. It is also important to understand best fracture and stimulation practice to increase productivity of wells. These objectives require that accurate production analysis be performed. For accurate production analysis, it is important to analyze the production behavior of wells, and field production data should be interpreted in such a way that it will identify well parameters. This can be done by performing a detailed analysis on a number of wells over whole reservoirs. This study is an approach that will lead to identifying different flow regions in shale gas wells that include linear and bilinear flow. Important field parameters can be calculated from those observations to help improve future performance. The detailed plots of several wells in this study show some good numbers for linear and bilinear flow, and some unique observations were made. The purpose of this work is to also manage the large amount of data in such a way that they can be used with ease for future studies. A program was developed to automate the analysis and generation of different plots. The program can also be used to perform the simple calculations to calculate different parameters. The goal was to develop a friendly user interface that would facilitate reservoir analysis. Examples were shown for each flow period, i.e. linear and bilinear flow. Different plots were generated (e.g; Bob Plot (square root of time plot) and Fourth Root of Time Plot, that will help in measuring slopes and thus reservoir parameters such as fracture permeability and drainage area. Different unique cases were also observed that show a different behavior of well in one type of plot from another.

Download or read book Advanced Natural Gas Engineering written by Xiuli Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas is playing an increasing role in meeting world energy demands because of its abundance, versatility, and its clean burning nature. As a result, lots of new gas exploration, field development and production activities are under way, especially in places where natural gas until recently was labeled as "stranded. Because a significant portion of natural gas reserves worldwide are located across bodies of water, gas transportation in the form of LNG or CNG becomes an issue as well. Finally natural gas is viewed in comparison to the recently touted alternatives. Therefore, there is a need to have a book covering all the unique aspects and challenges related to natural gas from the upstream to midstream and downstream. All these new issues have not been addressed in depth in any existing book. To bridge the gap, Xiuli Wang and Michael Economides have written a new book called Advanced Natural Gas Engineering. This book will serve as a reference for all engineers and professionals in the energy business. It can also be a textbook for students in petroleum and chemical engineering curricula and in training departments for a large group of companies.

Download or read book Advanced Production Decline Analysis and Application written by Hedong Sun and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-12 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, production decline-curve analysis has become the most widely used tool in the industry for oil and gas reservoir production analysis. However, most curve analysis is done by computer today, promoting a "black-box" approach to engineering and leaving engineers with little background in the fundamentals of decline analysis. Advanced Production Decline Analysis and Application starts from the basic concept of advanced production decline analysis, and thoroughly discusses several decline methods, such as Arps, Fetkovich, Blasingame, Agarwal-Gardner, NPI, transient, long linear flow, and FMB. A practical systematic introduction to each method helps the reservoir engineer understand the physical and mathematical models, solve the type curves and match up analysis, analyze the processes and examples, and reconstruct all the examples by hand, giving way to master the fundamentals behind the software. An appendix explains the nomenclature and major equations, and as an added bonus, online computer programs are available for download. - Understand the most comprehensive and current list of decline methods, including Arps, Fetkovich, Blasingame, and Agarwal-Gardner - Gain expert knowledge with principles, processes, real-world cases and field examples - Includes online downloadable computer programs on Blasingame decline type curves and normalized pseudo-pressure of gas wells

Download or read book Studies of Influencing Factors for Shale Gas Reservoir Performance written by Jiaqi Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Shale gas resource plays a significant role in energy supply worldwide. For economic production of shale gas, technologies of horizontal well and hydraulic fracturing are used for shale gas reservoirs. Therefore, the productivity of the shale gas reservoirs will be influenced by both reservoir condition, and hydraulic fracture properties. In this thesis, parameters that will influence shale gas production were classified into two categories: reservoir properties and hydraulic fracture properties. Published shale gas simulation studies were surveyed for determining the typical ranges of those properties. CMG-GEM was employed to finish the reservoir simulation work, and CMG-CMOST was used to complete the sensitivity analysis work. A three dimensional single phase dual-permeability shale gas reservoir model was created. Three flow mechanisms (Darcy flow, Non-Darcy flow, and Gas diffusion) as well as gas adsorption and desorption mechanism were considered in this model. Sensitivity checks for each parameter were performed to analyze the effect of factors to forecast the production of shale gas reservoir. Influences of reservoir and hydraulic fracture parameters for different time periods were quantified by simulation of 1 yr., 5 yr., 10 yr., and 20 yr. production"--Abstract, page iii.

Download or read book Challenges in Modelling and Simulation of Shale Gas Reservoirs written by Jebraeel Gholinezhad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-27 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the problems involved in the modelling and simulation of shale gas reservoirs, and details recent advances in the field. It discusses various modelling and simulation challenges, such as the complexity of fracture networks, adsorption phenomena, non-Darcy flow, and natural fracture networks, presenting the latest findings in these areas. It also discusses the difficulties of developing shale gas models, and compares analytical modelling and numerical simulations of shale gas reservoirs with those of conventional reservoirs. Offering a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in developing shale gas models and simulators in the upstream oil industry, it allows readers to gain a better understanding of these reservoirs and encourages more systematic research on efficient exploitation of shale gas plays. It is a valuable resource for researchers interested in the modelling of unconventional reservoirs and graduate students studying reservoir engineering. It is also of interest to practising reservoir and production engineers.

Download or read book Gas Well Deliquification written by James F. Lea Jr. and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08-30 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid loading can reduce production and shorten the lifecycle of a well costing a company millions in revenue. A handy guide on the latest techniques, equipment, and chemicals used in de-watering gas wells, Gas Well Deliquification, 2nd Edition continues to be the engineer's choice for recognizing and minimizing the effects of liquid loading. The 2nd Edition serves as a guide discussing the most frequently used methods and tools used to diagnose liquid loading problems and reduce the detrimental effects of liquid loading on gas production. With new extensive chapters on Coal Bed Methane and Production this is the essential reference for operating engineers, reservoir engineers, consulting engineers and service companies who supply gas well equipment. It provides managers with a comprehensive look into the methods of successful Production Automation as well as tools for the profitable use, production and supervision of coal bed gases. - Turnkey solutions for the problems of liquid loading interference - Based on decades of practical, easy to use methods of de-watering gas wells - Expands on the 1st edition's useful reference with new methods for utilizing Production Automation and managing Coal Bed Methane

Download or read book Long term Well Performance Prediction in Unconventionaltight Gas And Shale Gas Reservoirs written by Pichit Vardcharragosad and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unconventional tight gas and shale gas are the largest and fastest growing natural gas supply in the US. Natural gas produced from tight gas and shale gas reservoirs accounts for 60% of U.S. natural gas production in 2011. This number is expected to increase to 73% in 2040 (EIA, 2013). The lack of understanding and the lack of tools that can be applied to these unconventional plays are the major challenges. In unconventional tight gas and shale gas, the conventional reservoir engineering tools have been proven to be unsuccessful because they fail to capture the large differences in physical properties which heavily impact the production behaviors. The main differences include the ultra-low permeability of the formation, presence of adsorbed phase, and the need for multi-stage hydraulically fractured horizontal well completion to create massive flow area.This study aims to develop new reservoir engineering analysis techniques which fully apply for unconventional tight gas and shale gas reservoirs. The new techniques should be able to capture the reservoir responses that are characterized by the transient flow regime and the multi-mechanistic flow in ultra-low permeability formations, the complex flow pattern from hydraulic fracture completion, and the natural gas desorption. We focus on formulating the fundamental, physics-based governing equation for these tight gas and shale gas reservoirs, as well as the long-term analysis and prediction tools that can capture their physical properties. The research applies new promising tools, a density approach, which was proposed to the industry by our research group. In the density method, gas diffusivity equation will be solved in a density-based form, and effects of reservoir depletion on fluid properties are captured through dimensionless variable, [lambda]-[beta]. The density method has been proven to be a reliable production data analysis tool applicable to conventional gas reservoirs produced under constant flowing pressure, constant flow rate, variable pressure/rate constraint as well as in reservoirs with significant rock compressibility. In this thesis, we prove that density-based technique can be further extended to analyze production data from i) gas linear and fractal flow under boundary dominating condition, ii) gas radial, linear, and fractal flow with significant transient flow period, and iii) gas flow under slippage and desorption effects. We demonstrate that [lambda]-[beta] can effectively quantify effects of depletion on gas properties in reservoirs with linear, radial, and fractal flow. We also show how to incorporate slippage and desorption effects as well as transient flow effect by properly modified definitions of [lambda]-[beta]. Based on these results, we are able to show that the density-based production analysis tools, originally developed for conventional gas reservoirs under boundary dominated radial flow, can be applied to predict and analyze production from unconventional gas reservoirs. In addition, we are able to use these density-based tools to analyze the impact of flow geometries on production decline behavior of gas wells.

Download or read book Shale Gas and Tight Oil Reservoir Simulation written by Wei Yu and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-29 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shale Gas and Tight Oil Reservoir Simulation delivers the latest research and applications used to better manage and interpret simulating production from shale gas and tight oil reservoirs. Starting with basic fundamentals, the book then includes real field data that will not only generate reliable reserve estimation, but also predict the effective range of reservoir and fracture properties through multiple history matching solutions. Also included are new insights into the numerical modelling of CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery in tight oil reservoirs. This information is critical for a better understanding of the impacts of key reservoir properties and complex fractures. - Models the well performance of shale gas and tight oil reservoirs with complex fracture geometries - Teaches how to perform sensitivity studies, history matching, production forecasts, and economic optimization for shale-gas and tight-oil reservoirs - Helps readers investigate data mining techniques, including the introduction of nonparametric smoothing models

Download or read book A New Type Curve Analysis for Shale Gas oil Reservoir Production Performance with Dual Porosity Linear System written by Haider Jaffar Abdulal and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increase of interest in exploiting shale gas/oil reservoirs with multiple stage fractured horizontal wells, complexity of production analysis and reservoir description have also increased. Different methods and models were used throughout the years to analyze these wells, such as using analytical solutions and simulation techniques. The analytical methods are more popular because they are faster and more accurate. The main objective of this paper is to present and demonstrate type curves for production data analysis of shale gas/oil wells using a Dual Porosity model. Production data of horizontally drilled shale gas/oil wells have been matched with developed type curves which vary with effective parameters. Once a good match is obtained, the well dual porosity parameters can be calculated. A computer program was developed for more simplified matching process and more accurate results. As an objective of this thesis, a type curve analytical method was presented with its application to field data. The results show a good match with the synthetic and field cases. The calculated parameters are close to those used on the synthetic models and field cases.

Download or read book Well Performance Analysis for Low to Ultra low Permeability Reservoir Systems written by Dilhan Ilk and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unconventional reservoir systems can best be described as petroleum (oil and/or gas) accumulations which are difficult to be characterized and produced by conventional technologies. In this work we present the development of a systematic procedure to evaluate well performance in unconventional (i.e., low to ultra-low permeability) reservoir systems. The specific tasks achieved in this work include the following: 1) Integrated Diagnostics and Analysis of Production Data in Unconventional Reservoirs: We identify the challenges and common pitfalls of production analysis and provide guidelines for the analysis of production data. We provide a comprehensive workflow which consists of model-based production analysis (i.e., rate-transient or model matching approaches) complemented by traditional decline curve analysis to estimate reserves in unconventional reservoirs. In particular, we use analytical solutions (e.g., elliptical flow, horizontal well with multiple fractures solution, etc.) which are applicable to wells produced in unconventional reservoirs. 2) Deconvolution: We propose to use deconvolution to identify the correlation between pressure and rate data. For our purposes we modify the B-spline deconvolution algorithm to obtain the constantpressure rate solution using cumulative production and bottomhole pressure data in real time domain. It is shown that constant-pressure rate and constant-rate pressure solutions obtained by deconvolution could identify the correlation between measured rate and pressure data when used in conjunction. 3) Series of Rate-Time Relations: We develop three new main rate-time relations and five supplementary rate-time relations which utilize power-law, hyperbolic, stretched exponential, and exponential components to properly model the behavior of a given set of rate-time data. These relations are well-suited for the estimation of ultimate recovery as well as for extrapolating production into the future. While our proposed models can be used for any system, we provide application almost exclusively for wells completed in unconventional reservoirs as a means of providing estimates of time-dependent reserves. We attempt to correlate the rate-time relation model parameters versus model-based production analysis results. As example applications, we present a variety of field examples using production data acquired from tight gas, shale gas reservoir systems.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Gas Shale Reservoirs written by Reza Rezaee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive information about the key exploration, development and optimization concepts required for gas shale reservoirs Includes statistics about gas shale resources and countries that have shale gas potential Addresses the challenges that oil and gas industries may confront for gas shale reservoir exploration and development Introduces petrophysical analysis, rock physics, geomechanics and passive seismic methods for gas shale plays Details shale gas environmental issues and challenges, economic consideration for gas shale reservoirs Includes case studies of major producing gas shale formations

Download or read book Development and Application of a Specialized Type Curve for Analysis of Shale Gas Production Performances written by Xiang Xu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding production performances of shale gas wells is important for reserves assessment and production optimization. Type curve analysis is a practical method used in the industry; but there are a number of limitations in applying traditional type curves in shale gas reservoirs because of the unique storage and flow mechanisms in shale gas reservoir. Thus specialized type curves are necessary.In this research, first I understood the storage and flow mechanisms in conventional and shale gas reservoirs; then I critically reviewed development and applications of type curves in conventional and shale gas reservoirs. The third step I developed a specialized multiphase, multi-mechanics type curves capable of analyzing production performances of shale gas wells based on our numerical simulation results, and finally applied and validated my type curves in a Marcellus well. This newly developed type curves could help engineers analyze shale gas well performances and identify potential production issues in a systematic and pragmatic manner.

Download or read book New Advances in Shale Gas Reservoir Analysis Using Water Flowback Data written by Ahmad Alkouh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shale gas reservoirs with multistage hydraulic fractures are commonly characterized by analyzing long-term gas production data, but water flowback data is usually not included in the analysis. However, this work shows there can be benefits to including post-frac water flowback and long-term water production data in well analysis. In addition, field data indicate that only 10-40% of the frac water is recovered after the flowback. This work addresses two main question: Where is the rest of the injected frac fluid that is not recovered and what is the mechanism that is trapping it? And how can the water flowback data be used in estimating effective fracture volume using production data analysis tools? A number of simulation cases were run for single and two phase (gas/water) for modeling flowback and long-term production periods. Various physical assumptions were investigated for the saturations and properties that exist in the fracture/matrix system after hydraulic fracturing. The results of these simulations were compared with analytical solutions and data from actual wells using diagnostic and specialized plots. The results of these comparisons led to certain conclusions and procedures describing possible reservoir conditions after hydraulic fracturing and during production. Past publications have suggested that the lost frac water is trapped in the natural fracture or imbibed into the rock matrix near the fracture face. Natural fracture spacing could be a possible explanation of the lost frac water. These concepts are tested and the challenge of simulating a natural fracture with trapped water without imbibition is solved using a new hybrid relative permeability jail. This concept was tested for the period of flowback, shut-in and production. This work presents the benefits of a new method for combining water flowback and long-term water production data in shale gas analysis. Water production analysis can provide effective fracture volume which was confirmed by the cumulative produced water. This will help when evaluating fracture-stimulation jobs. It also shows the benefits of combining flowback and long-term water production data in the analysis of shale gas wells. In some cases, the time shift on diagnostic plots changes the apparent flow regime identification of early gas production data. This leads to different models of the fracture/matrix system. The presented work shows the importance of collecting and including water flowback data in long-term production data. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152548

Download or read book Flow Mechanisms and Numerical Simulation of Gas Production from Shale Reservoirs written by Chaohua Guo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Shale gas is one kind of the unconventional resources which is becoming an ever increasing component to secure the natural gas supply in U.S. Different from conventional hydrocarbon formations, shale gas reservoirs (SGRs) present numerous challenges to modeling and understanding due to complex pore structure, ultra-low permeability, and multiple transport mechanisms. In this study, the deviation against conventional gas flow have been detected in the lab experiments for gas flow through nano membranes. Based on the experimental results, a new apparent permeability expression is proposed with considering viscous flow, Knudsen diffusion, and slip flow. The gas flow mechanisms of gas flow in the SGRs have been studied using well test method with considering multiple flow mechanisms including desorption, diffusive flow, Darcy flow and stress-sensitivity. Type curves were plotted and different flow regimes were identified. Sensitivity analysis of adsorption and fracturing parameters on gas production performance have been analyzed. Then, numerical simulation study have been conducted for the SGRs with considering multiple mechanisms, including viscous flow, Knudsen diffusion, Klinkenberg effect, pore radius change, gas desorption, and gas viscosity change. Results show that adsorption and gas viscosity change will have a great impact on gas production. At last, the numerical simulation model for SGRs with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing horizontal well has been constructed. Sensitivity analysis for reservoir and fracturing parameters on gas production performance have been conducted. Results show that hydraulic fracture parameters are more sensitive compared with reservoir parameters. The study in this project can contribute to the understanding and simulation of SGRs"--Abstract, page iv.

Download or read book An Integrated Well Performance Study for Shale Reservoir Systems Application to the Marcellus Shale written by Landon Jess Riser and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work we focus on the integration of two independent analyses, time-rate analysis and model-based production analysis, as an approach to resolve the uncertainty in estimating ultimate recovery (EUR) for wells in unconventional reservoirs. In particular, we seek to establish a relationship between time-rate parameters from modern time-rate models and the reservoir and completion properties obtained from model-based production analysis. Establishing agreement between these independent analyses will support the practice of EURs in unconventional reservoir systems. In this work we provide a study of 55 (fifty-five) shale gas wells taken from the Marcellus shale (USA), complete with an integrated workflow of model-based production analysis and time-rate analysis accompanied by a discussion of challenges and methodologies. In addition, we present a study on pressure transient analysis (PTA) for selected pressure buildup tests conducted on a series of Marcellus shale wells. We include field cases complete with orientation, diagnostic, and analysis plots; as well as commentary on the observed behavior of the pressure transient tests themselves and what these pressure buildup tests may yield with regard to insight into the well/reservoir that production data in isolation cannot provide. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151864

Download or read book A Well Performance Study of Eagle Ford Shale Gas Wells Integrating Empirical Time Rate and Analytical Time Rate Pressure Analysis written by Avery Sutton Davis and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, our purpose is to create a "performance-based reservoir characterization" using production data (measured rates and pressures) from a selected gas condensate region within the Eagle Ford Shale (S. Texas). We use modern time-rate ("decline curve") analysis and time-rate-pressure ("model-based") analysis methods to analyze/interpret/diagnose gas condensate well production data. We estimate reservoir and completion properties - specifically: formation permeability, fracture-face skin effect, fracture half-length, and fracture conductivity. We correlate these results with known completion variables - specifically: completed lateral length, total proppant, total water used, and type of hydraulic fracturing fluid. We use the time-rate and time-rate-pressure analyses to forecast future production and to estimate ultimate recovery. Finally, we apply pressure transient analysis methods to those cases where the production history contains shut-in periods of sufficient duration to provide resolution in the pressure build-up data to identify reservoir features and qualitatively validate completion effectiveness. It is noted that ONLY surface pressures are available for the wells considered in this study. We utilize industry-standard software to perform single well rate-time "decline curve" analyses. The traditional "modified-hyperbolic" time-rate model was used as the "basis" relation and the "power-law exponential" time-rate model was used as a check/validation (the power-law exponential model tends to be a more conservative relation for generating forecasts and estimating ultimate recovery). We also utilize industry-standard software to perform single well time-rate-pressure "model-based" analyses --- this methodology is also known as Rate Transient Analysis (RTA). In this work we used the full analytical model for the performance of a Multi-Fracture Horizontal Well (as opposed to a proxy or numerical model). We use Microsoft Excel and a commercial statistical software package to correlate the production analysis results with the measured completion parameters to create "design" relations for well completions - specifically correlations of estimated ultimate recovery with completion variables (completed lateral length, total proppant, total water used, and type of hydraulic fracturing fluid). Finally, we utilize industry-standard software to perform pressure transient analysis on the cases where the quality and relevance of the shut-in pressure data warranted such analyses. In this work, we "cross-validate" the estimated ultimate recovery results by comparison of the time-rate and time-rate-pressure analysis results. The correlation of EUR with completion variables, we propose, is shown to be statistically relevant for almost all combinations of variables, and the correlation relation should be applicable for creating completion designs. The analysis of surface-derived pressure transient data is successfully demonstrated for several cases taken from the gas condensate region of the Eagle Ford Shale (S. Texas). The work we perform in this thesis clearly demonstrates the validity of using empirical (time-rate) and analytical (time-rate-pressure) analysis methods for the purpose of characterizing well performance for wells in the gas condensate region of the Eagle Ford Shale (S. Texas). The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155432