Download or read book Weed Control and Tank mix Interactions in Soybean Resistant to Dicamba Glyphosate and Glufosinate written by Adam Louis Constine and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: XtendFlex® soybean is a new trait platform which confers resistance to three herbicide sites of action that include the active ingredients dicamba, glyphosate, and glufosinate. The ability to use these three herbicides in one system has generated new management questions. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to: 1) investigate weed control systems in conventional and no-tillage XtendFlex® soybean, and 2) identify any antagonistic or synergistic responses from herbicide-tank mixtures used in this system. Control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) waterhemp was optimized with PRE flumioxazin followed by (fb) POST glufosinate or dicamba alone or in combination with each other or glyphosate. Two-pass POST systems also controlled GR waterhemp as long as dicamba and/or glufosinate was used in each application. GR horseweed control was exceptional with all herbicide programs evaluated, except glyphosate alone EPOS or POST. Annual grass control was reduced with EPOS and POST glufosinate + dicamba tank-mixtures. In contrast, this combination was often additive or synergistic for both broadleaf and grass weed control in the greenhouse. Several glyphosate + glufosinate combinations were antagonistic, especially with broadleaf weeds. Dicamba + glyphosate was often antagonistic in the greenhouse but was additive or synergistic for GR waterhemp and GR horseweed control in the field. Antagonisms were often observed when all three herbicides were applied together; however, not all antagonisms resulted in poor control. This research provides growers insight into management strategies for various agronomically important weeds in XtendFlex® soybean. .

Download or read book Interaction of Glyphosate with Postemergence Soybean Herbicides written by Julie Marie Lich and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Weed Management and Herbicide Application Parameters for Herbicide resistant Soybean in Kansas written by Chad Joseph Lammers and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated weed management and herbicide application practices were assessed in field and greenhouse studies to improve weed control in herbicide-resistant soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown in Kansas. The field study was conducted to evaluate weed control, soybean yield, and profitability in two herbicide-resistant soybean systems and two row spacings. 2,4-D-, glyphosate-, and glufosinate- resistant (Enlist E3) and isoxaflutole-, glyphosate-, and glufosinate- resistant (LLGT27) soybeans were planted in 38- and 76-cm row spacing for four site-years. Three herbicide treatments were evaluated in each system: pre-emergence herbicide only (PRE), PRE followed by early post-emergence (POST), and POST plus overlapping residual (POR). Weed control was evaluated every 2 weeks after PRE application through R7 soybean. Weed biomass was collected before POST applications and at R7 soybean. Soybean yield was recorded at harvest. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separation. In Ottawa during 2020, POST and POR treatments resulted in ≥ 99% control for all species four WAT, while PRE resulted in ≥ 84% control. Similarly, control at Ashland Bottoms was ≥ 90% for POST and POR treatments, while PRE resulted in 7% for isoxaflutole- 62% for 2,4-D-resistant soybeans. All treatments resulted in ≥ 95% control at Scandia in 2021. Row spacing had a minimal effect on weed control and mixed results for yield. In the greenhouse study, the objective was to determine the effect of herbicide combination, optimize carrier volume, and evaluate weed height on weed control. Co-applications of combinations of 2,4-D choline, glyphosate, and glufosinate were applied in carrier volumes of 93-, 140-, and 187- L ha−1to 5-, 10-, and 20-cm Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.). Visual ratings and above ground biomass were collected four weeks after treatment. Water-sensitive paper was also sprayed with the same herbicide combinations and carrier volumes to evaluate differences in spray coverage. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separation. Carrier volume did not affect Palmer amaranth or large crabgrass control. Control of 5-, 10-, and 20-cm Palmer amaranth was 100%, ≥ 91%, and 6.7 to 79%, respectively, and variation was caused by the herbicide combinations. 2,4-D plus glyphosate provided the greatest Palmer amaranth control. Large crabgrass control pooled for both experiments was ≥ 82% when treatments were applied at 5 cm, but control of 10- or 20-cm large crabgrass was reduced to 51 to 56%. There was a carrier volume by herbicide co-application interaction for the number of droplets deposited and percent area covered on water-sensitive paper. Co-applications containing glufosinate had more droplets than those not containing glufosinate. 2,4-D plus glyphosate had the smallest percent area covered, compared to the other herbicide co-applications. Data from the field study confirms that two-pass herbicide programs are superior to PRE- only programs, regardless of the inclusion of a layered residual herbicide. However, this research did not evaluate the impact of layered residual herbicides on weed seed production, which is crucial for long-term weed management. Results from the greenhouse study suggest that under ideal conditions, carrier volume is less important than herbicide combination and weed size for control of Palmer amaranth and large crabgrass.

Download or read book Interaction of Glyphosate and Glufosinate with Postemergence Soybean Herbicides written by Robert Joseph Starke and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interaction of Postemergence Herbicides with Glyphosate in Soybeans written by David K. Powell and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2008, 2009, and 2010 to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate combined with other broadleaf herbicides on herbicide-resistant and -susceptible weeds in Illinois. Although this research supports an improvement in control of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp with the addition of PPO-inhibiting herbicides to glyphosate, the overall herbicide efficacy was still somewhat variable with evidence for environmental conditions that may alter efficacy of the tank mixtures. Thus, the use of preemergence, soil residual herbicides are still justified to reduce reliance on these postemergence herbicide mixtures for weed control in soybean and ultimately deter further selection of common waterhemp populations resistant to glyphosate and PPO-inhibiting herbicides.

Download or read book Evaluation of Glyphosate and PPO inhibiting Herbicide Tank mixtures to Manage Glyphosate Resistance in Soybean written by Jesaelen Gizotti de Moraes and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides in combination with glyphosate for postemergence (POST) applications is one of the primary alternatives to manage glyphosate-resistant weeds and the only effective POST chemical option in conventional and glyphosate-tolerant soybean to control glyphosate and ALS-inhibiting resistant weeds. Antagonistic interactions have been reported between many different herbicide modes of action and optimal droplet size may be affected by tank-mixtures of different herbicides. Additionally, the impact of adjuvants on the factors aforementioned as well as on physical properties needs to be thoroughly investigate to maximize herbicide efficacy. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to: 1) conduct greenhouse and field studies to evaluate the impact of glyphosate and PPO-inhibiting herbicides (fomesafen or lactofen) applied alone and in tank mixtures on weed control, optimal droplet size, drift potential, and tank mixture interactions, 2) determine the influence of adjuvants on tank mixtures interactions, spray droplet-spectra, drift potential, and physical properties, (3) determine if herbicide efficacy (and thereby, weed control) is correlated to reduced surface tension and contact angle. Overall, applications from the tank mixtures resulted in antagonistic interactions and some of them were overcame by the addition of adjuvants. Droplet size and percent volume of droplets ≤ 150 μm were highly affected by nozzle type and spray solution. The oil based formulation of lactofen and crop oil concentrates were shattered by TTI nozzles due to its internal turbulence chamber creating smaller droplets and increasing driftable fines. The impact of nozzle selection on weed control was minimal and larger droplets at the rates and carrier volume used in this study could be used without compromising herbicide efficacy reducing drift potential. Adjuvants reduced the surface tension and contact angle of spray solutions; however, herbicide efficacy was only partially explained by the changes in these physical properties. Results emphasized the importance of better understanding the relationship among application variables and weed species. In addition, recommendations should be herbicide- and weed-specific in order to optimize herbicide applications and to maintain herbicide effectiveness.

Download or read book Mitigating Herbicide Impacts to Soybean written by Grant Lawson Priess and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapidity in evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds and the resulting cost to U.S. farmers demonstrate the need to responsibly steward the limited number of herbicides available in agricultural systems. To reduce weed emergence and likewise added selection pressures placed on herbicides, early-season crop canopy formation has been promoted. However, impacts to soybean following a potentially injurious herbicide application have not been thoroughly evaluated. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to determine whether: 1) soybean injury from metribuzin or flumioxazin delayed canopy formation or changed the incidence of pathogen colonization; 2) residual herbicides applied preplant reduced the potential for soybean injury and achieved the same longevity of weed control as herbicides applied at planting; 3) POST-applied acetolactate synthase (ALS)- and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides alone and in combination with glufosinate delayed canopy formation or impacted grain yield. Few interactions between herbicides and soil-borne pathogens were observed. Results from various experiments showed that soybean canopy formation was delayed after an application of preemergence (PRE)-residual herbicides and postemergence (POST)-foliar-active herbicides. However, delays in crop canopy formation caused by a PRE application of metribuzin and flumioxazin were only observed in varieties with sensitivity to the herbicide. Soybean injury caused by PRE applications were mitigated by applying herbicides 14 days prior to planting. Treatments that were applied 14 days prior to planting and contained an effective herbicide with a half-life greater than 70 days suffered no reduction in longevity of Palmer amaranth control when compared to the same herbicide applied at planting. POST-applied herbicides delayed soybean canopy formation relative to the amount of injury present following application. Delays in canopy formation can result in a lengthened period of weed emergence, subsequently increasing the need for additional weed control and increasing selection pressure on sequentially applied herbicides. Nomenclature: Flumioxazin, glufosinate, metribuzin, Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats., soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. Key words: Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, canopy formation, half-life, herbicide-resistance weeds, POST foliar-active herbicide, preplant, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides, PRE-residual herbicide, soil-borne pathogen, soybean injury.

Download or read book Investigations of 2 4 d resistant Waterhemp and Seed Treatment and Herbicide Interactions in Soybean written by Blake Remington Barlow and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field research experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Missouri to determine whether interactions are present between herbicides sprayed prior to planting and seed treatments in soybean. Two varieties of soybean were chosen, one that was known to be tolerant to the herbicides sprayed and one that was known to be sensitive to these herbicides. Each of these soybean varieties were treated with a commonly used seed treatment and sprayed with three commonly used herbicides. The results of these experiments indicate that there were larger interactions present between herbicides and varieties than herbicides and seed treatments or seed treatments and varieties. Greenhouse and field research experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to investigate a waterhemp population with suspected resistance to multiple herbicides including 2,4-D. Results form the field experiment suggested resistance to six of the eight herbicides screened. The only two herbicides that had effective control were dicamba and glufosinate. Greenhouse experiments confirmed the waterhemp population to be resistant to 2,4-D, atrazine, chlorimuron, fomesafen, glyphosate, and mesotrione making this population the third 2,4-D-resistant waterhemp population identified in the U.S., and the first population resistant to six different herbicidal modes of action.

Download or read book Determining the Fit of Dicamba Resistant Soybean for Ontario Agriculture written by Matthew Underwood and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the launch of Roundup Ready Xtend soybean, a genetically modified soybean with transgenes that express resistance to glyphosate and dicamba, several knowledge gaps existed regarding weed control, tank-mix compatibility, profitability, and environmental impact. The addition of dicamba (300 or 600 g ae ha-1) to quizalofop-p-ethyl (24, 30, or 36 g ai ha-1) or clethodim (30, 37.5 or 45 g ai ha-1), applied postemergence (POST), reduced the control of glyphosate-resistant volunteer corn by 11 to 20%, however, the antagonism could be overcome by increasing the rate of graminicide 25-50%. The addition of dicamba (600 g ae ha-1) to glyphosate (900 g ae ha-1), applied POST, increased broadleaf weed control by 3 to 14% 8 weeks after application (WAA). Dicamba, applied POST, provided poor control of grasses resulting in soybean seed yield loss of 30 to 33% compared to dicamba plus glyphosate. When applied preemergence (PRE) in a conventional tillage production system, dicamba (600 g ae ha-1) provided similar control of annual broadleaf weeds compared to several industry standards. Dicamba provided poorer broadleaf weeds in no-till production systems than several pre-plant (PP) herbicides which provided good to excellent control of broadleaf and grass weed species. The reduced broadleaf weed control with dicamba was likely due to the short residual activity in the soil.

Download or read book Response of Non dicamba resistant Soybean Varieties to Dicamba at Varying Doses and Application Times written by Tyler Paige Meyeres and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction and rapid adoption of dicamba-resistant (DR) soybeans led to an increase of post-emergent applications of dicamba for weed control during the soybean growing season, resulting in non-target dicamba injury to non-DR soybean. Two separate field studies were conducted in Manhattan, KS in 2018 and 2019 and in Ottawa, KS in 2019 to (1) determine the response of non-DR soybean to reduced rates, different application timings and multiple exposures of dicamba, and (2) investigate the injury and yield response of soybean varieties with varying herbicide-resistant traits when exposed to dicamba. In first study, soybeans were exposed to 0.56 (1/1000X), 1.12 (1/500X), and 5.6 g ae ha−1 (1/100X) rates of dicamba (where 1X rate=560 g ae ha−1) at V3, R1, R3, V3 followed by (fb)R1, V3 fb R3, R1 fb R3, and V3 fb R1 fb R3 growth stages. In second study, four varieties, including 'Credenz 3841LL (glufosinate-resistant)', 'Credenz 4748LL (glufosinate-resistant)', 'Asgrow AG4135RR2Y (glyphosate-resistant)', and 'Stine 40BA02' (glyphosate/isoxaflutole-resistant) were exposed to 5.6 g ae ha−1 (1/100X) of dicamba at V3 or R1 growth stages. For both studies, visual soybean injury (%) was evaluated at biweekly intervals throughout the growing season and grain yields were determined at harvest. Injury symptoms, including leaf cupping, brittle leaves, damaged terminal buds, stunting, twisting and pod curling were observed with all dicamba treatments. Soybean injury from dicamba was lower and less persistent when exposed during the V3 than the R1 or R3 growth stages across all dicamba rates tested. Soybean injury symptoms were more severe with increasing dicamba rates and multiple exposures across all site-years. Soybean injury was most severe four weeks after treatment (WAT) and was highest (78% to 81% injury) with the 1/100X rate of dicamba applied at all three timings. Soybean yield reductions were not directly correlated to visual injury and were substantially less than most injury ratings. The highest soybean yield reduction was observed from the 1/100X rate of dicamba applied at V3, R1, and R3, which resulted in a 53% yield loss. Soybean yield loss was minimal from a single dicamba exposure at the V3 stage regardless of exposure rate, or from the 1/1000X rate, regardless of timing or number of exposures. The greatest soybean yield loss from dicamba occurred with multiple exposures at rates greater than 1/1000X rate of dicamba. In the second study, the greatest injury was observed in 'Asgrow AG4135RR2Y' and 'Stine 40BA02' when exposed to dicamba at V3 growth stage 4 WAT. Dicamba exposure at the R1 growth stage resulted in the greatest injury to 'Stine 40BA02' both four WAT and senescence. At senescence, minimal injury was observed in soybean exposed at V3 and also resulted in minimal yield loss. Exposure at R1 resulted in the least yield loss in 'Credenz 4748LL' at 19% and the greatest yield loss in Stin 40BA02 at 34%. Dicamba exposure at R1 resulted in the greatest injury and yield loss, while exposure at V3 resulted in minimal injury and yield reduction across all tested soybean varieties.

Download or read book Evaluation of Herbicide Programs for the Management of Glyphosate resistant Giant Ragweed in Soybean written by Eric Brandon Riley and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) has become an increasingly problematic weed of soybean production systems in Missouri and throughout the Midwest. As of 2013, giant ragweed has been confirmed with resistance to glyphosate in 11 states and one Canadian province. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of herbicide application timing and glyphosate tank-mix combinations on the survival of GR giant ragweed and the influence of pre-plant (PREPLT) followed by (fb) 2-pass post-emergence (POST) herbicide programs in GR and glufosinate-resistant soybean on GR giant ragweed density, soybean yield, and net economic return. Results from this research indicate that POST applications to smaller plants can reduce the survival of giant ragweed compared to applications to larger plants. For a POST only management strategy, fomesafen plus glyphosate applied to 10-cm plants fb glyphosate late post-emergence (LPOST) resulted in 37% survival and was the lowest survival observed. Overall, giant ragweed was nearly eliminated with PREPLT fb 2-pass POST programs. For example, no more than 6 plants 5-m-2 were observed if PREPLT applications contained an effective tank-mix combination in either soybean system. However, 244 plants 5-m-2 were observed following a program that consisted of glyphosate PREPLT fb glyphosate plus fomesafen early post-emergence (EPOST) fb glyphosate LPOST. Few differences in yield or net return were observed in the PREPLT experiments. However, programs that contained an effective PREPLT application generally resulted in higher yield and net economic return. Results from this research indicate that PREPLT applications can provide more effective control of giant ragweed compared to POST-only programs.

Download or read book Management of Glyphosate resistant Palmer Amaranth amaranth Palmeri S Watson in Dicamba glyphosate resistant Soybean written by Shawn Thomas McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While not a historically problematic weed in Nebraska, Palmer amaranth has become increasingly problematic in many agronomic cropping systems. Throughout the state, several cohorts of Palmer amaranth have been found resistant to several different sites of action. Of major concern is a population found resistant to glyphosate the most common post-emergence herbicide in Nebraska. As chemical control methods are the most common forms of weed control throughout the state methods alternatives or enhancements are highly desired. Two field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 at a grower's field near Carleton, Nebraska with the objectives to evaluate the effects of row spacing and herbicide programs and separately analyze the effect of overlapping residual herbicides on control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth, gross profit margin, and benefit-cost ratios of these herbicide programs. Evaluation of the effect on row spacing found no significant effect of narrowing row spacing on control, density, or biomass reduction of GR Palmer amaranth across all herbicide programs. Herbicide program had a higher impact on GR Palmer amaranth control with all PRE fb EPOST except dicamba + chlorimuron/flumioxazin followed by dicamba and all PRE fb EPOST+RH providing greater than 85% control from 14 d after EPOST (DAEPOST) to 36 DAEPOST. Evaluation of overlapping residual herbicides on management of GR Palmer amaranth found that flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone/metribuzin provided 78% to 82% control from 14 DAEPOST to 70 DAEPOST in 2018 and 94% to 98% in 2019. Addition of dicamba + acetochlor EPOST to flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone/metribuzin provided 83% to 96% from 14 DAEPOST to 70 DAEPOST in 2018 and 99% in 2019. As the adoption of new application technologies, herbicide-resistant crops, and alternative weed control methods change with the times, surveys provide insight into changes in weed dynamics and crop production over time. Conducting multiple surveys over the course of several years provides a vital framework in developing future research and extension outreach. During the winter of 2019-2020, a survey of Nebraska stakeholders was carried to quantify crop production, weed control, and management practices throughout the state. In order of importance, Palmer amaranth, horseweed, common waterhemp, kochia, and giant ragweed were ranked the most problematic weeds statewide. Based on survey responses, 27% of respondents, cited integrated weed management systems as the primary concern for future research and extension outreach for the state of Nebraska.

Download or read book Herbicide Activity written by R. Michael Roe and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in the understanding of herbicide activity and toxicology have expanded tremendously in the past fifteen years. Research on the mechanism of action of most major classes of herbicide chemistry has provided scientists with excellent insight into enzyme targets. More recently, developments in molecular biology have provided information about herbicide action at the genetic level. Less well understood are the toxicological aspects of herbicide activity that culminate in plant injury or death. Toxicology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Herbicide Activity is a review of the recent literature on most of the major classes of herbicide chemistry in commercial use. The chapters include information about different aspects of herbicide activity related to photosynthesis, inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis, disruption of cell division and microtubule assembly, activity of phytohormone (auxin) mimics, inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis and some developments in the understanding of herbicide resistance.

Download or read book Herbicide Resistant Crops written by Stephen O. Duke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by a recognized leader in the field, Herbicide-Resistant Crops is the first book to cover all of the issues related to the controversial topic of herbicide-resistant crops. It provides extensive discussions of the modern biotechnological methods that have been used to develop such crops, and reviews the implications - both positive and negative - of developing crops that are resistant to herbicides. The creation and anticipated applications of specific herbicide-resistant crops are also discussed. In addition, the book covers the potential impact of herbicide-resistant crops on weed management practices and the environment, and presents issues related to the regulation and economics of these crops. The editor has brought together a diverse group of professionals, representing the several distinct areas impacted by the new technology of herbicide-resistant crops. The wide range of viewpoints presented in this book creates a balanced and complete survey, providing a notable contribution to the literature.

Download or read book Weed and Crop Resistance to Herbicides written by Rafael de Prado and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-05-31 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, repeated use of herbicides in the same field has imposed selection for resistance in species that were formerly susceptible. On the other hand, considerable research in the private and public sectors has been directed towards introducing herbicide tolerance into susceptible crop species. The evolution of herbicide resistance, understanding its mechanisms, characterisation of resistant weed biotypes, development of herbicide-tolerant crops and management of resistant weeds are described throughout the 36 chapters of this book. It has been written by leading researchers based on the contributions made at the International Symposium on Weed and Crop Resistance to Herbicides held at Córdoba, Spain. This book will be a good reference source for research scientists and advanced students.

Download or read book Herbicides and Plant Physiology written by Andrew H. Cobb and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbicides make a spectacular contribution to modern crop production. Yet, for the development of more effective and safer agrochemicals, it is essential to understand how these compounds work in plants and their surroundings. This expanded and fully revised second edition of Herbicides and Plant Physiology provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of how modern herbicides interact with target plants, and how they are used to manage crop production. In addition, the text: Provides a current account of the importance of weeds to crop yield and quality; Describes how new herbicides are discovered and developed; Examines precise sites of herbicide action and mechanisms of herbicide selectivity and resistance; Reviews commercial and biotechnological applications, including genetically engineered herbicide resistance in crops; Suggests new areas for future herbicide development; Includes many specially prepared illustrations. As a summary of diverse research information, this second edition of Herbicides and Plant Physiology is a valuable reference for students and researchers in plant physiology, crop production/protection, plant biochemistry, biotechnology and agriculture. All libraries in universities, agricultural colleges and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need copies of this excellent book on their shelves.

Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.