Download or read book Water Quality Implications of Pyrethroid Insecticide Sorption and Desorption Processes written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrethroid insecticides are hydrophobic organic compounds that have been widely detected in sediments at concentrations that cause toxicity to aquatic organisms. The main hypothesis of this dissertation is that the fate and transport of pyrethroid insecticides in the environment will be dominated by sorption to and desorption from sediments and soils. The goal of this research was to better characterize these processes by performing sorption and desorption rate studies, as well as sorption equilibrium experiments. This information is essential to reliably predicting ecotoxicity and downstream transport of these compounds. Batch reactor isotherm experiments were performed with two pyrethroids using suspended material and bed sediment from the Sacramento River, CA. The Freundlich isotherm model was fit to the data and Freundlich exponents indicated sorption nonlinearity for some experimental conditions. Calculated organic carbon normalized distribution coefficients were larger than those previously reported in the literature by approximately an order of magnitude. Higher than expected sorption to these materials was explained by adsorption to mineral surfaces and black carbon, with the mineral surface accounting for the largest portion. Sorption to mineral phases may be more important than previously thought for pyrethroids, especially for sediments with low organic carbon contents. Isomerization of lambda-cyhalothrin was observed in batch reactor sorption rate studies and a combined model incorporating a two site sorption term and a linear isomerization term was fit to the data. It appeared that isomerization occurred more rapidly or exclusively in the aqueous phase. The stereoisomers range in biological activity, thus isomerization could potentially increase or decrease toxicity. Desorption experiments were performed with three sorbents, three aging times, and four pyrethroids; a biphasic rate model was fit to these data. Suspended solids from irrigation runoff water collected from a field sprayed with permethrin one day prior were used to compare the rates of desorption of field-applied pyrethroids to those of laboratory spikes. Rapid desorption of field-applied permethrin was not statistically different than laboratory spiked permethrin. The sorbent had the greatest effect on desorption rate parameters, while significant differences in desorption were not observed among several pyrethroids, nor for aging times of 1-28 d.
Download or read book Effects of Surfactants on the Adsorption of Pyrethroids to Inorganic Surfaces written by Savitha Erinhikkadavath Achoora and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sorption and Desorption of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides by Clay Minerals written by Cheng Sun Liao and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis describes the sorption and desorption of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides by clay minerals under laboratory controlled environmental systems. Particular emphasis was directed toward the investigation of the fundamental adsorption phenomena which occurred in selected pesticide-clay systems. the effects of certain environmental stresses, including pH, temperature and salt (NaCl) concentration of water, on the behavior of sorption and desorption were also studied. Pesticides selected for this study included DDT, dieldrin and heptachlor, and clay minerals employed were kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite. The adsorption rate and equilibrium were evaluated by batch techniques employing completely mixed systems while the effects of the environmental factors on the sorption and desorption were investigated with laboratory controlled aquatic models. Results obtained from this study disclosed that the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides were rapidly adsorbed by the experimental clay minerals; in most cases the adsorption equilibria were reached within two hours of reaction. After the pesticides had been adsorbed on the clays, desorption of the pesticides occurred only to a very small extent. It is believed that the uptake of the organochlorine insecticides by the clay minerals is a process of chemical adsorption which involves the formation of certain types of high strength bonding. The pH, temperature and salt (NaCl) concentration of water did not appear to exert significant effects on the sorption and desorption of the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides by the clay minerals"--Abstract, leaf ii.
Download or read book Pyrethroid Insecticides written by Ethel Eljarrat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the latest developments concerning the analysis, fate, behaviour and toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides. Over the last few decades, pyrethroid insecticides have increasingly replaced organochlorine pesticides due to their relatively lower mammalian toxicity, selective insecticide activity and lower environmental persistence. They represent 25% of global sales of insecticides, and are considered to be “safe” since they are converted to non-toxic metabolites by oxidative metabolism in fish and by hydrolysis in mammals. However, recent studies have demonstrated their environmental ubiquity, their bioaccumulation and their toxicity in various aquatic and terrestrial organisms, and even in humans. Featuring contributions by leading experts, the book discusses the physico-chemical properties and uses of pyrethroid insecticides; the latest chemical analytical methods; their occurrence in the environment, biota and food; and their isomeric and enantiomeric behaviour. It particularly highlights the toxicological effects and human exposure to pyrethroid insecticides, and also offers insights into the effects of the salmon industry on the marine environment with a case study of sea lice treatment using pyrethroids. This comprehensive book is a valuable source of information for environmental scientists, policymakers and producers interested in issues related to pyrethroid insecticides.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanopesticides written by Leonardo F. Fraceto and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-06 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the development of nanopesticides and tests of their biological activity against target organisms. It also covers the effects of nanopesticides in the aquatic and terrestrial environments, along with related subjects including fate, behaviour, mechanisms of action and toxicity. Moreover, the book discusses the potential risks of nanopesticides for non-target organisms, as well as regulatory issues and future perspectives.
Download or read book Bioremediation of Agricultural Soils written by Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quality of agricultural soils are always under threat from chemical contaminants, which ultimately affect the productivity and safety of crops. Besides agrochemicals, a new generation of substances invades the soil through irrigation with reclaimed wastewater and pollutants of organic origin such as sewage sludge or cattle manure. Emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, nanomaterials and microplastics are now present in agricultural soils, but the understanding of their impact on soil quality is still limited. With focus on in situ bioremediation, this book provides an exhaustive analysis of the current biological methodologies for recovering polluted agricultural soils as well as monitoring the effectiveness of bioremediation.
Download or read book Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.
Download or read book Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indexes material from conference proceedings and hard-to-find documents, in addition to journal articles. Over 1,000 journals are indexed and literature published from 1981 to the present is covered. Topics in pollution and its management are extensively covered from the standpoints of atmosphere, emissions, mathematical models, effects on people and animals, and environmental action. Major areas of coverage include: air pollution, marine pollution, freshwater pollution, sewage and wastewater treatment, waste management, land pollution, toxicology and health, noise, and radiation.
Download or read book Impact of Pesticides on Farmer Health and the Rice Environment written by Prabhu L. Pingali and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1995-09-30 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the various aspects of the use of pesticides, their behavior, degradation, and impacts in wetland ricefields, and presents the results of surveys conducted in the Philippines and Thailand. It includes both bibliographic reviews and selected aspects of the experimental results of a research project on pesticide impacts in wetland ricefields. The first phase of the `Pesticide Impact' project was developed in the Philippines from 1989 to 1991. It was a multidisciplinary/collaborative approach involving scientists from IRRI, NRI (England), ORSTOM (France), UPLB (Philippines) who studied the effects of pesticides on the environment and on farmers' health, and the economical aspects of their use.
Download or read book Ecological Impacts of Toxic Chemicals written by Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, Paul J. van den Brink, Reinier M. Mann and published by Francisco Sanchez-Bayo. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological Impacts of Toxic Chemicals presents a comprehensive, yet readable account of the known disturbances caused by all kinds of toxic chemicals on both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Topics cover the sources of toxicants, their fate and distribution through the planet, their impacts on specific ecosystems, and their remediation by natural systems. Each chapter is written by well-known specialists in those areas, for the general public, students, and even scientists from outside this field. The book intends to raise awareness of the dangers of chemical pollution in a world dominated by industry and globalization of resources. Because the problems are widespread and far reaching, it is hoped that confronting the facts may prompt better management practices at industrial, agricultural and all levels of management, from local to governmental, so as to reduce the negative impacts of chemical contaminants on our planet.
Download or read book Pesticides written by Sonia Soloneski and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-02-20 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The edited book Pesticides - Toxic Aspects contains an overview of attractive researchers of pesticide toxicology that covers the hazardous effects of common chemical pesticide agents employed every day in our agricultural practices. The combination of experimental and theoretical pesticide investigations of current interest will make this book of significance to researchers, scientists, engineers, and graduate students who make use of those different investigations to understand the toxic aspects of pesticides. We hope that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all interested in different aspects of pesticide toxicity.
Download or read book Riverine Ecosystem Management written by Stefan Schmutz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book surveys the frontier of scientific river research and provides examples to guide management towards a sustainable future of riverine ecosystems. Principal structures and functions of the biogeosphere of rivers are explained; key threats are identified, and effective solutions for restoration and mitigation are provided. Rivers are among the most threatened ecosystems of the world. They increasingly suffer from pollution, water abstraction, river channelisation and damming. Fundamental knowledge of ecosystem structure and function is necessary to understand how human acitivities interfere with natural processes and which interventions are feasible to rectify this. Modern water legislation strives for sustainable water resource management and protection of important habitats and species. However, decision makers would benefit from more profound understanding of ecosystem degradation processes and of innovative methodologies and tools for efficient mitigation and restoration. The book provides best-practice examples of sustainable river management from on-site studies, European-wide analyses and case studies from other parts of the world. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of aquatic ecology, river system functioning, conservation and restoration, to postgraduate students, to institutions involved in water management, and to water related industries.
Download or read book Pesticides Remediation Technologies from Water and Wastewater written by Mohammad Hadi Dehghani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesticides Remediation Technologies from Water and Wastewater focuses on environmental aspects and health effects of pesticides, the use of conventional and AOPs technologies, and adsorption processes and nanomaterials for the removal of pesticides from water and wastewater. The deterioration of water quality is of great concern due to its effects on aquatic organisms, humans and the ecosystem. Among the pollutants, pesticides are a major concern in villages and farm land. This edited book bridges the gap between old and new knowledge about the categorization of pesticides, the presence of them in water, wastewater, soil and foods, and new methods to detect them from water matrices. This edited book provides the necessary basic knowledge to new researchers who want to learn about pesticides and the ways to eliminate them in aqueous matrices. Moreover, it is also a helpful resource for mature researchers in this field, providing them with new trends in water and wastewater treatment processes, preparation and application of novel adsorbent materials. Includes methods for effectively removing pesticides from potable water and water bodies Provides techniques that are eco-friendly and that do not use toxic chemicals and are lower in cost Presents information needed to identify severe health effects on human beings and aquatic animals
Download or read book Nano Materials as Photocatalysts for Degradation of Environmental Pollutants written by Pardeep Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nano-Materials as Photocatalysts for Degradation of Environmental Pollutants: Challenges and Possibilities contains both practical and theoretical aspects of environmental management using the processes of photodegradation and various heterogeneous catalysts. The book's main focus is on the degradation of harmful pollutants, such as petrochemicals, crude oils, dyes, xenobiotic pharmaceutical waste, endocrine disrupting compounds, and other common pollutants. Chapters incorporate both theoretical and practical aspects. This book is useful for undergraduate or university students, teachers and researchers, especially those working in areas of photocatalysis through heterogeneous catalysts. The primary audience for this book includes Chemical Engineers, Environmental Engineers and scientists, scholars working on the management of hazardous waste, scientists working in fields of materials science, and Civil Engineers working on wastewater treatment. Reviews recent trends in the photodegradation of organic pollutants Offers a bibliometric analysis of photocatalysis for environmental abatement Includes many degradation mechanisms of organic pollutants using various catalysts Includes examples on the degradation of organic pollutants from various sources, e.g., pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, etc. Discusses the effect of nanocatalysts on soil, plants and the ecosystem
