Download or read book Water as a Catalyst for Peace written by Ahmed Abukhater and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining international water allocation policies in different parts of the world, this book suggests that they can be used as a platform to induce cooperation over larger political issues, ultimately settling conflicts. The main premise is that water can and should be used as a catalyst for peace and cooperation rather than conflict. Evidence is provided to support this claim through detailed case studies from the Middle East and the Lesotho Highlands in Africa. These international cases – including bilateral water treaties and their development and formation process and aftermath – are analyzed to draw conclusions about the outcomes as well as the processes by which these outcomes are achieved. It is demonstrated that the perception of a particular treaty as being equitable and fair is mainly shaped by the negotiation process used to reach certain outcomes, rather than being determined mechanistically by the quantitative allocation of water to each party. The processes and perceptions leading to international water conflict resolutions are emphasized as key issues in advancing cooperation and robust implementation of international water treaties. The key messages of the book are therefore relevant to the geo-political and hydro-political aspects of water resources in the context of bilateral and multilateral conflicts, and the trans-boundary management of water resources, which contributes insights to political ecology, geo-politics, and environmental policy.

Download or read book Organic Reactions in Water written by U. Marcus Lindstrom and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volatile organic solvents are the normal media used in both research scale and industrial scale synthesis of organic chemicals. Their environmental impact is significant, however, and so the development of alternative reaction media has become of great interest. Developments in the use of water as a solvent for organic synthesis have reached the point where it could now be considered a viable solvent for many organic reactions. Organic Reactions in Water demonstrates the underlying principles of using water as a reaction solvent and, by reference to a range of reaction types and systems, it’s effective use in synthetic organic chemistry. Written by an internationally respected team of contributors, and with a strong focus on the practical use of water as a reaction medium, this book illustrates the enormous potential of water for the development of new and unique chemistries and synthetic strategies, while at the same time offering a much reduced environmental impact.

Download or read book Interfacial Catalysis written by Alexander G. Volkov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-12-12 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive volume on interfacial catalysis, this book includes contributions from an international group of specialists in chemistry, environmental science, informatics, physiology, nuclear energy, and physics. The editor has organized the material into the main topics of fundamental characteristics, phase transfer catalysis, reversed micelles, biological aspects, and interfacial photocatalysis. Individual topics include self-organized microheterogeneous structures, nanochemistry, interfacial catalysis in metal complexation, the role of water molecules in ion transfer at the oil/water interface, and ultrathin films in enhanced oil recovery.

Download or read book Organic Synthesis in Water written by P.A. Grieco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of water as a medium for promoting organic reactions has been rather neglected in the development of organic synthesis, despite the fact that it is the solvent in which almost all biochemical processes take place. Chemists have only recently started to appreciate the enormous potential water has to offer in the development of new synthetic reactions and strategies, where it can offer benefits in both unique chemistry and reduced environmental impact. In this new book, the editor, well known for his contribution to the development of water as a useful medium in synthetic organic chemistry, has assembled an international team of authors, themselves at the forefront of research into the use of the unique properties of water carrying out organic transformations, to provide a timely and concise overview of current research. By focusing on the practical use of water in synthetic organic chemistry, and with the concern for the use of solvents in organic chemistry, professional chemists, particularly those involved in industrial research and development, will find this book an essential guide to the current state of the art, and a useful starting point in their own research. Academic chemists, including postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students, will find this book an invaluable guide to this exciting and important area of chemistry.

Download or read book Catalyst Separation Recovery and Recycling written by David J. Cole-Hamilton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-13 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at new ways of tackling the problem of separating reaction products from homogeneous catalytic solutions. The new processes involve low leaching supported catalysts, soluble supports such as polymers and dendrimers and unusual solvents such as water, fluorinated organics, ionic liquids and supercritical fluids. The advantages of the different possibilities are discussed alongside suggestions for further research that will be required for commercialisation. Unlike other books, in addition to the chemistry involved, the book looks at the process design that would be required to bring the new approaches to fruition. Comparisons are given with existing processes that have already been successfully applied and examples are given where these approaches are not suitable. The book includes: - New processes for the separation of products from solutions containing homogeneous catalysts - Catalysts on insoluble or soluble supports – fixed bed catalysts - continuous flow or ultrafiltration - Biphasic systems: water - organic, fluorous - organic, ionic liquid – organic, supercritical fluids (monophasic or biphasic with water, organic or ionic liquid) - Comparisons with current processes involving atmospheric or low temperature distillation - Consideration of Chemistry and Process Design - Advantages and disadvantages of each process exposed - Consideration of what else is need for commercialisation

Download or read book Water Chemistry written by Murat Eyvaz and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, which plays an important role in every aspect of our daily lives, is the most valuable natural resource we have on this planet. Drinking, bathing, cooking, regeneration, cleaning, production, energy, and many other uses of water originate from some of its versatile, useful, basic, and unique features. The access, purification, and reuse of water on our planet, which is of course not endless and not available for direct use, is directly related to the water chemistry that explores its inimitable properties. This book includes research on water chemistry-related applications in environmental management and sustainable environmental issues such as water and wastewater treatment, water quality management, and other similar topics. The book consists of three sections, namely, water treatment, wastewater treatment, and water splitting, respectively, and includes 11 chapters. In these chapters, water-wastewater remediation methods, nanomaterials in water treatment, and water splitting processes are comprehensively reviewed in terms of water chemistry.The editors would like to record their sincere thanks to the authors for their contributions.

Download or read book Photocatalysis and Water Purification written by Pierre Pichat and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-26 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is one of the essential resources on our planet. Therefore, fresh water and the recycling of waste-water are very important topics in various areas. Energy-saving green technologies are a demand in this area of research. Photocatalysis comprises a class of reactions which use a catalyst activated by light. These reactions include the decomposition of organic compounds into environmental friendly water and carbon dioxide, leading to interesting properties of surfaces covered with a photocatalyst: they protect e.g. against incrustation of fouling matter, they are self-cleaning, antibacterial and viricidal. Therefore, they are attractive candidates for environmental applications such as water purification and waste-water treatment. This book introduces scientists and engineers to the fundamentals of photocatalysis and enlightens the potentials of photocatalysis to increase water quality. Also, strategies to improve the photocatalytic efficacy are pointed out: synthesis of better photocatalysts, combination of photocatalysis with other technologies, and the proper design of photocatalytic reactors. Implementation of applications and a chapter on design approaches for photocatalytic reactors round off the book. 'Photocatalysis and Water Purification' is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. G.Q. Max Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.

Download or read book Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion written by Tomas Ramirez Reina and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide that offers a review of the current technologies that tackle CO2 emissions The race to reduce CO2 emissions continues to be an urgent global challenge. Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion offers a thorough guide to the most current technologies designed to mitigate CO2 emissions ranging from CO2 capture to CO2 utilization approaches. With contributions from an international panel representing a wide range of expertise, this book contains a multidisciplinary toolkit that covers the myriad aspects of CO2 conversion strategies. Comprehensive in scope, it explores the chemical, physical, engineering and economical facets of CO2 conversion. Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion explores a broad range of topics including linking CFD and process simulations, membranes technologies for efficient CO2 capture-conversion, biogas sweetening technologies, plasma-assisted conversion of CO2, and much more. This important resource: Addresses a pressing concern of global environmental damage, caused by the greenhouse gases emissions from fossil fuels Contains a review of the most current developments on the various aspects of CO2 capture and utilization strategies Incldues information on chemical, physical, engineering and economical facets of CO2 capture and utilization Offers in-depth insight into materials design, processing characterization, and computer modeling with respect to CO2 capture and conversion Written for catalytic chemists, electrochemists, process engineers, chemical engineers, chemists in industry, photochemists, environmental chemists, theoretical chemists, environmental officers, Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion provides the most current and expert information on the many aspects and challenges of CO2 conversion.

Download or read book Methods in Non Aqueous Enzymology written by Munishwar N. Gupta and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extending the range of enzymatic catalysis by using non-aqueous media has now developed into a powerful approach in biochemistry and biotechnology. One peculiar feature which distinguishes it from the conventional enzymology (carried out in aqueous buffers) is that the awareness of different parameters that control and influence the behaviour of enzymes in such environments has emerged rather slowly. Science is about being able to repeat what somebody else has done. Absence of knowledge about such well-defined parameters/fac tors has sometimes made some workers rather cautious and diffident about using this approach in their laboratories. But for this, non-aqueous enzymol ogy would be more widely practised. It is these thoughts that made me feel that the availability of some well-defined protocols for various applications invol ving enzymes in non-aqueous environments would further catalyze the growth of this area. Hence this book, in which each chapter has some protocols in a specific area. The protocols are preceded by brief background material. The early chapters, which are of general importance, concern control of water ac tivity and stabilization via immobilization. Some subsequent chapters provide the protocols for transformations involving lipids and carbohydrates, peptide synthesis, and preparation of chiral compounds. The disproportionate focus on lipases is not a coincidence; this class of enzymes has been used more often than others in non-aqueous enzymology.

Download or read book Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting written by H.- J. Lewerenz and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a resurgence of interest in light-induced water splitting as the search for storable carbon neutral energy becomes more urgent. Although the history of the basic idea dates back more than four decades, efficient, economical and stable integrated devices have yet to be realized. In the continuing quest for such devices, the field of photoelectrochemistry is entering a new phase where the extraordinary interdisciplinary of the research and development efforts are opening new avenues. This aspect of current research effort is reflected in the chapters of this book, which encompass present thinking in the various disciplines such as materials science, photo-electrochemistry and interfaces that can contribute to realization of viable solar fuel generators. This book presents a blend of the background science and recent advances in the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting, and includes aspects that point towards medium to long term future realization. The content of the book goes beyond the more traditional approaches to the subject by including topics such as novel excitation energy processes that have only been realized so far in advanced photonics. The comprehensive overview of current activities and development horizons provided by the impressive collection of internationally renowned authors therefore represents a unique reflection of current thinking regarding water splitting by light.

Download or read book Nanocatalysis written by Vivek Polshettiwar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exhibiting both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic properties, nanocatalysts allow for rapid and selective chemical transformations, with the benefits of excellent product yield and ease of catalyst separation and recovery. This book reviews the catalytic performance and the synthesis and characterization of nanocatalysts, examining the current state of the art and pointing the way towards new avenues of research. Moreover, the authors discuss new and emerging applications of nanocatalysts and nanocatalysis, from pharmaceuticals to fine chemicals to renewable energy to biotransformations. Nanocatalysis features contributions from leading research groups around the world. These contributions reflect a thorough review of the current literature as well as the authors’ first-hand experience designing and synthesizing nanocatalysts and developing new applications for them. The book’s nineteen chapters offer a broad perspective, covering: Nanocatalysis for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions Nanocatalysis for various organic transformations in fine chemical synthesis Nanocatalysis for oxidation, hydrogenation, and other related reactions Nanomaterial-based photocatalysis and biocatalysis Nanocatalysts to produce non-conventional energy such as hydrogen and biofuels Nanocatalysts and nano-biocatalysts in the chemical industry Readers will also learn about the latest spectroscopic and microscopy tools used in advanced characterization methods that shed new light on nanocatalysts and nanocatalysis. Moreover, the authors offer expert advice to help readers develop strategies to improve catalytic performance. Summarizing and reviewing all the most important advances in nanocatalysis over the last two decades, this book explains the many advantages of nanocatalysts over conventional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, providing the information and guidance needed for designing green, sustainable catalytic processes.

Download or read book Catalytic Combustion written by Sophie A. Cottilard and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic combustion has been developed as a method of promoting efficient combustion over a wide range of air-to-fuel ratios with a minimum pollutant formation at low temperatures as compared to conventional flame combustion. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of catalytic combustion including commercial and industrial research in combustion and fluidisation engineering; the catalytic combustion of soot; using metal oxides to improve catalytic efficiency; catalytic combustion in the removal of pollutants from exhaust gases and in the energy conversion field and the catalytic combustion of methane using ceria-zirconia.

Download or read book Heterogeneous Catalysis in Sustainable Synthesis written by Bela Torok and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-17 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneous Catalysis in Sustainable Synthesis is a practical guide to the use of solid catalysts in synthetic chemistry that focuses on environmentally benign applications. Collating essential information on solid catalysts into a single volume, it reveals how the efficient use of heterogeneous catalysts in synthetic chemistry can support sustainable applications. Beginning with a review of the fundamentals of heterogeneous catalytic synthesis, the book then explores the basic concepts of heterogeneous catalytic reactions from adsorption to catalyst poisons, the use of non-traditional activation methods, recommended solvents, the major types of both metal and non-metal solid catalysts, and applications of these catalysts in sustainable synthesis. Based on the extensive experience of its expert author, this book aims to encourage and support synthetic chemists in using solid catalysts in their own work, while also highlighting the important link between heterogeneous catalysis and sustainability to all those interested. - Combines foundational knowledge with a focus on practical applications - Organizes information by reaction type, allowing readers to easily find examples of how to carry out specific reaction types with solid catalysts - Highlights emerging areas such as nanoparticle catalysis and metal-organic framework (MOF) based catalysts

Download or read book Visible Light Active Photocatalysis written by Srabanti Ghosh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and timely overview of this important and hot topic, with special emphasis placed on environmental applications and the potential for solar light harvesting. Following introductory chapters on environmental photocatalysis, water splitting, and applications in synthetic chemistry, further chapters focus on the synthesis and design of photocatalysts, solar energy conversion, and such environmental aspects as the removal of water pollutants, photocatalytic conversion of CO2. Besides metal oxide-based photocatalysts, the authors cover other relevant material classes including carbon-based nanomaterials and novel hybrid materials. Chapters on mechanistic aspects, computational modeling of photocatalysis and Challenges and perspectives of solar reactor design for industrial applications complete this unique survey of the subject. With its in-depth discussions ranging from a comprehensive understanding to the engineering of materials and applied devices, this is an invaluable resource for a range of disciplines.

Download or read book Synthesis of Solid Catalysts written by Krijn P. de Jong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-06-22 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical book combines recent progress with a discussion of the general aspects of catalyst preparation. The first part deals with the basic principles of solid catalyst preparation, explaining the main aspects of sol-gel chemistry and interfacial chemistry, followed by such techniques as co-precipitation and immobilization. New tools for catalyst preparation research, including microspectroscopy and high-throughput experimentation, are also taken into account. The second part heightens the practical relevance by providing six case studies on such topics as the preparation of zeolites, hydrotreating catalysts, methanol catalysts and gold catalysts

Download or read book Near Field Optics and Surface Plasmon Polaritons written by Satoshi Kawata and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-06-20 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date overview describes in detail the physics of localized surface plasmon polaritons excited near fine metallic structures and the principles of near-field optics and microscopy related to this localized field. It also covers wider fields, from local spectroscopy to atom manipulation.

Download or read book Mechanisms of Catalysis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1991-01-28 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The remarkable expansion of information leading to a deeper understanding of enzymes on the molecular level necessitated the development of this volume which not only introduces new topics to The Enzymes series but presents new information on some covered in Volume I and II of this edition.