Download or read book Water and wastewater treatment systems at highway rest areas written by Carl William Scharfe and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water and Wastewater Systems at Highway Rest Areas written by Carl William Scharfe and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water supply and wastewater treatment and disposal systems for rest areas written by Clinton E. Parker and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment Systems for Safety Rest Areas written by Gregory W. Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rest Area Wastewater Treatment and Disposal written by John T. Pfeffer and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Use Waste Generation and Traffic Counts at Interstate Rest Areas in Louisiana written by Dixie M. Griffin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safety Rest Area written by James S. Reierson and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safety Rest Area written by James S. Reierson and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design Recommendations for Rest Areas written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Reuse at Highway Rest Areas written by Clinton E. Parker and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The limited availability of water and stringent wastewater effluent standards at rest areas led to the development of a water recycle-reuse system to treat flush water from water closets. Flush fluid for rest area water closets accounts for 95% to 97% of the rest area water requirements. For a flush fluid to be acceptable it must have no objectionable odors, no objectional color, no substantial foaming, and no apparent suspended solids, and it must be low in bacterial count and chemically and biologically stable. Prior research with a bench-scale system confirmed the application of extended aeration biological treatment followed by granular media filtration as a water recycle-reuse concept. This prior work led to the installation of a full-scale field system at a rest area to develop data for implementation of the recycle concept. The treatment system at an existing rest area was modified to provide a closed loop return of water to and from the water closets. A water balance was achieved by wasting an amount of recycle water equal to the water input from sewered potable water. Data from the field recycle-reuse system were obtained during its operation from November 15, 1976, to August 31, 1977. During this time start-up was evaluated and equilibrium was achieved and evaluated at 95% recycle. The biological system and filtration system provided flush water of a quality that met standards set for flush water and was accepted by the users. Operation of the closed loop extended aeration and granular filter system for flush water recycle and reuse was similar to the conventional operation of these processes. The influence of nitrogen accounted for the most significant operating difference. Ammonia nitrogen transformation to nitrite and nitrate nitrogen resulted in an operating pH of 5.5 to 6.0 and, as a result, incomplete nitrification occurred. Nitrogen buildup in the form of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate was experienced but the concentrations did not cause a reduction in the organic biological oxidation efficiency. The biological system functioned under conditions suitable for the utilization of organics by fungi. The biological solids were threadlike; however, they readily separated through gravity settling. The quality of the water in the recycle-reuse system varied between winter and summer operation, but it remained acceptable as a flush fluid. The variability in quality can be attributed mainly to nitrogen. Nitrogen in the recycled water greatly influences biochemical oxygen demand results and renders this test useless as a measure of organic stability. Storage requirements for recycle flush water are dictated by the resident time of the users in the building that houses the water closets, the resident time of users in the parking facility, and the physical layout of the water closet facility. Average daily and maximum daily water use based on resident times and gallons (litres) per user establishes storage, biological treatment, and filter requirements. Instantaneous peak flow establishes pipe sizes and integration of system requirements for storage and use sets pump requirements.
Download or read book The I 70 Greenfield Rest Area Wetland Projects written by Shih-Chieh Kao and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-01 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On-site treatment of wastewater at highway rest areas poses some unique and difficult challenges because of the rural locale, high variability in wastewater flow rate and strength, and lack of knowledgeable personnel on-site. As a potential alternative, a constructed subsurface wetland system was built at the I-70 rest stop nearby Greenfield, Indiana, in 2003. This wetland system, mainly composed of three wetland cells, also includes draw-and-fill and recirculation mechanisms to increase oxygen transfer to the wastewater and improve the overall treatment performance. Special considerations for highway rest areas have been emphasized. A dynamic hydraulic model was developed to help characterize the flows in the system and estimate the hydraulic retention time. The size of the Greenfield wetland was found to be sufficient in providing pretreatment that could help avoid potential surcharge from the local treatment plant, but was inadequate for direct onsite discharge. Though the draw-and-fill and recirculation mechanisms provided some treatment benefits, they raised the construction costs and maintenance needs. Constructed wetlands have been described as low-maintenance systems compared to other conventional wastewater treatment approaches, but proper maintenance of the wetland facilities was found to be a key factor in achieving good performance. Since wetland systems in highway rest areas have not been studied, this study provided useful information for possible future implementation of such systems.
Download or read book Water reuse at highway rest areas written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A water recycle-reuse system researched and developed by the Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council for treating water closet flush water was constructed at an existing rest area. An existing 10,000 gpd (37,800 lpd) biological wastewater treatment system and rest area piping system were modified to accommodate water reuse. The recycle-reuse system consisted of biological treatment (extended aeration) followed by gravity sedimentation and granular filtration. It was designed for 95% water reuse with 5% makeup from sewered potable uses such as wash basins. The field system became operative on November 15, 1976, and on August 31, 1977, an evaluation study was concluded. Based on results of the evaluation phase the water recycle-reuse design became an accepted alternative for resolving water supply and water pollution problems at Virginia highway rest areas. From September 1, 1977, through August 31, 1978, an implementation follow-up study was made. During this period reuse of flush water varied between 92.0% and 96.7%. Potable uses that were sewered amounted to less than 5%, resulting in recycle in excess of 95% without the use of makeup water. Recycled flush water was stable and was acceptable to the rest area user at all observed recycle levels. Operation of the biological and physical treatment units followed conventional guidelines. The biological system functioned satisfactorily at a low pH of from 5.5 to 6.5 and low alkalinity. The low pH and alkalinity resulted in complete nitrification and high ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations. Although high equilibrium nitrogen concentrations occurred they were not detrimental to the process. Biological solids were filamentous but were satisfactorily separated from the flush water by gravity sedimentation. The system satisfactorily responded to seasonal variations in waste characteristics and water reuse imposed by the users as well as seasonal climatic variations. Operation and maintenance requirements at the rest area site did not significantly increase as a result of the recycle-reuse system. Results from this study confirmed the conclusions of the evaluation study phase. The recycle-reuse system proved to be an acceptable and economical means of resolving water supply and water pollution problems at rest areas.
Download or read book Highway Rest Area Wastewater Treatment Systems written by Maganlal V. Kanzaria and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Bench scale Evaluation of the Reuse of Water at Highway Rest Areas written by Robert H. Heitman and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pilot laboratory treatment system was successfully employed to investigate the reuse of wastewater for flushing toilets at highway rest areas. This extended aeration unit used a synthetic waste to determine if the biological system could operate efficiently at high dissolved solids concentrations produced by effluent recycle rates of up to 95 percent. Effluent quality and sludge accumulation rates were monitored and biological solids control methods were studied. Results from pilot plant performance with and without recycle show that treatment efficiency, in terms of a biologically degradable effluent, will not. Be adversely affected by high recycle ratios. The use of dye to distinguish recycle water from potable water was explored. Included in this research was the selection, quantification, and removal of this artificial color from recycled effluent. Sodium fluorescein was found to be susceptible to biological attack and sunlight, and to be readily removable by carbon adsorption. The small volumes of effluent water produced by a recycle system have the potential to be impounded and either partly or completely disposed of by solar evaporation, depending on the rest area location, climatological data were used to predict net evaporation rates for a recycle facility installed at Fairfield, Virginia.
Download or read book Water reuse at highway rest areas written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The limited availability of water and stringent wastewater effluent standards at rest areas led to the development of a water recycle-reuse system to treat flush water from water closets. Flush fluid for rest area water closets accounts for 95% to 97% of the rest area water requirements. For a flush fluid to be acceptable it must have no objectionable odors, no objectional color, no substantial foaming, and no apparent suspended solids, and it must be low in bacterial count and chemically and biologically stable. Prior research with a bench-scale system confirmed the application of extended aeration biological treatment followed by granular media filtration as a water recycle-reuse concept. This prior work led to the installation of a full-scale field system at a rest area to develop data for implementation of the recycle concept. The treatment system at an existing rest area was modified to provide a closed loop return of water to and from the water closets. A water balance was achieved by wasting an amount of recycle water equal to the water input from sewered potable water. Data from the field recycle-reuse system were obtained during its operation from November 15, 1976, to August 31, 1977. During this time start-up was evaluated and equilibrium was achieved and evaluated at 95% recycle. The biological system and filtration system provided flush water of a quality that met standards set for flush water and was accepted by the users. Operation of the closed loop extended aeration and granular filter system for flush water recycle and reuse was similar to the conventional operation of these processes. The influence of nitrogen accounted for the most significant operating difference. Ammonia nitrogen transformation to nitrite and nitrate nitrogen resulted in an operating pH of 5.5 to 6.0 and, as a result, incomplete nitrification occurred. Nitrogen buildup in the form of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate was experienced but the concentrations did not cause a reduction in the organic biological oxidation efficiency. The biological system functioned under conditions suitable for the utilization of organics by fungi. The biological solids were threadlike; however, they readily separated through gravity settling. The quality of the water in the recycle-reuse system varied between winter and summer operation, but it remained acceptable as a flush fluid. The variability in quality can be attributed mainly to nitrogen. Nitrogen in the recycled water greatly influences biochemical oxygen demand results and renders this test useless as a measure of organic stability. Storage requirements for recycle flush water are dictated by the resident time of the users in the building that houses the water closets, the resident time of users in the parking facility, and the physical layout of the water closet facility. Average daily and maximum daily water use based on resident times and gallons (litres) per user establishes storage, biological treatment, and filter requirements. Instantaneous peak flow establishes pipe sizes and integration of system requirements for storage and use sets pump requirements.
Download or read book Public Roads written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federally Coordinated Program of Highway Research and Development written by United States. Federal Highway Administration and published by . This book was released on with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
