Download or read book Wars of Eduard Shevardnadze written by Carolyn Ekedahl and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronicles the life and political career of the former foreign minister of the Soviet Union

Download or read book The Wars of Eduard Shevardnadze written by Carolyn McGiffert Ekedahl and published by . This book was released on 1997-01 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Eduard Shevardnadze and the End of the Cold War written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eduard Shevardnadze served as Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union from July 1985 until December 1990. His tenure covered a period of momentous change in the USSR, as Mikhail Gorbachev and his friend and ally Shevardnadze initiated sweeping reforms to bring the Soviet Union into the modern era of government. Shevardnadze's long-standing personal relationship with Gorbachev and his own sweeping vision of what was needed to revitalize his ailing country afforded him a sphere of influence that went far beyond foreign policy. The new thinking exhibited by Gorbachev and Shevardnadze cleared the way for the easing of Cold War tensions and the effective end to the East-West rivalry that had dominated international relations from the end of World War II. No one can doubt that, for the West, the world is a safer, albeit less predictable, place thanks in good measure to the liberal and courageous vision of Shevardnadze and Gorbachev. No complete evaluation of Shevardnadze as a statesman is possible, however, without examining the benefits he brought to the people he was specifically charged to serve: the citizens of the (former) Soviet Union. This paper will thus briefly recap the statecraft of Eduard Shevardnadze -- his assumptions, objectives, and strategies -- and conclude with a discussion of his accomplishments on both sides of the former Iron Curtain.

Download or read book The Statecraft of Eduard Shevardnadze written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid-1980s, as the Soviet Union faced the beginnings of what would become a period of almost unprecedented change both domestically and in foreign affairs, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev selected the relatively unknown Eduard Shevardnadze to be his Foreign Minister. Shevardnadze went on to serve in that capacity through the end of the Cold War until his resignation in 1991. This essay describes Shevardnadze's statecraft during his service as Soviet Foreign Minister: the environment in which he operated; his ideals, assumptions, and vision of Soviet national interests; the manner in which he sought to achieve the goals that would fulfill the vision; and an assessment of the successes and failures of Shevardnadze's statecraft during this pivotal period. Eduard Shevardnadze has earned his place among the prominent statesmen of this century. Despite the breakup of the Soviet Union, much of Shevardnadze's strategic vision was realized at least in part: significant reductions in nuclear arms, an end to Soviet isolation and greater acceptance in the world community, and a wave of reforms to support the process of democratization at home. Most importantly, Shevardnadze can claim a large share of the credit for ending a resource-draining Cold War and forging the beginnings of a productive partnership between the United States and the Soviet Union, a chain of events with favorable consequences for the entire world.

Download or read book Eduard Shevardnadze A Prophet Without Honor in His Own Land written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although many pundits had predicted the Soviet Union's eventual demise, when Eduard Shevardnadze was appointed foreign minister in July 1985 few observers recognized how soon the end would come, or how swiftly fundamental change in the Soviet Union's foreign policy would be accomplished. Shevardnadze's early understanding of his country's problems and his vision for solving them helped shift the focus of Soviet foreign policy from an obsession with military strength and the balance of power toward securing the nation's security through an end to Soviet isolation and reform of its internal political and economic processes. Over time, the nation's continuing economic decline, Shevardnadze's idealism, and the perception that he received little in return for concessions made to the West, alienated the nation's political elite and probably contributed to both his and Mikhail Gorbachev's departure from power. There can be little doubt, however, that Shevardnadze's stewardship of Soviet foreign policy during the period of transition was a major reason for the relatively peaceful demise of Soviet totalitarianism, or that the ideas he championed will remain a part of the political debate in Russia for the foreseeable future.

Download or read book Missive geschreven uyt sGravenhage den 4 juny 1688 written by S.n. (S.l.) and published by . This book was released on 1688 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book My Years with Gorbachev and Shevardnadze written by Pavel Palazchenko and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book George Shultz Eduard Shevardnadze written by Bradford James Morith and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Role of Shevardnadze and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Making of Soviet Defense and Arms Control Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since his surprise appointment in July 1985, Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze has emerged as Gorbachev's most important foreign policy adviser and an influential figure in internal debates on defense and arms control policy. He also has become increasingly critical of the Soviet military, which has resisted Military of Foreign Affairs (MFA) intrusions into its domain. Shevardnadze's influence on national security policy derives from three sources. First, he is a personal friend of and close political adviser to Gorbachev, with a political stature unmatched by any military officer or defense official. Second, the intense pace of Soviet diplomacy since 1985 has meant that power has gravitated to those individuals and bureaucracies directly involved in East-West negotiations. Third, Gorbachev's new political thinking downplays the importance of military power in international politics, and has been interpreted by Shevardnadze as a mandate to the MFA to monitor the actions of the military to ensure that they are consistent with the USSR's newly proclaimed international obligations. Shevardnadze at first expressed rather traditional views. He supported a strong Soviet military posture and blamed the United States for most international problems. Initially, he did not call for radical changes either in the MFA or in Soviet foreign and defense policy. This situation began to change in May 1986, when Gorbachev gave an unusual speech to the MFA in which he demanded better performance from Soviet diplomats.

Download or read book Russia and the Idea of the West written by Robert D. English and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most analyses of the Cold War's end the ideological aspects of Gorbachev's "new thinking" are treated largely as incidental to the broader considerations of power. English demonstrates that Gorbachev's foreign policy was the result of an intellectual revolution. He analyzes the rise of a liberal policy-academic elite and its impact on the Cold War's end.

Download or read book The Last Superpower Summits written by Svetlana Savranskaya and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book publishes for the first time in print every word the American and Soviet leaders – Ronald Reagan, Mikhail Gorbachev, and George H.W. Bush – said to each other in their superpower summits from 1985 to 1991. Obtained by the authors through the Freedom of Information Act in the U.S., from the Gorbachev Foundation and the State Archive of the Russian Federation in Moscow, and from the personal donation of Anatoly Chernyaev, these previously Top Secret verbatim transcripts combine with key declassified preparatory and after-action documents from both sides to create a unique interactive documentary record of these historic highest-level talks – the conversations that ended the Cold War. The summits fueled a process of learning on both sides, as the authors argue in contextual essays on each summit and detailed headnotes on each document. Geneva 1985 and Reykjavik 1986 reduced Moscow's sense of threat and unleashed Reagan's inner abolitionist. Malta 1989 and Washington 1990 helped dampen any superpower sparks that might have flown in a time of revolutionary change in Eastern Europe, set off by Gorbachev and by Eastern Europeans (Solidarity, dissidents, reform Communists). The high level and scope of the dialogue between these world leaders was unprecedented, and is likely never to be repeated.

Download or read book The End of the Cold War 1985 1991 written by Robert Service and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 26 December, 1991, the hammer-and-sickle flag was lowered over the Kremlin for the last time. Yet, just six years earlier, when Mikhail Gorbachev became general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and chose Eduard Shevardnadze as his foreign minister, the Cold War seemed like a permanent fixture in world politics. Until its denouement, no Western or Soviet politician foresaw that the standoff between the two superpowers -- after decades of struggle over every aspect of security, politics, economics, and ideas -- would end within the lifetime of the current generation. Nor was it at all obvious that that the Soviet political leadership would undertake a huge internal reform of the USSR, or that the threat of a nuclear Armageddon could or would be peacefully wound down. Drawing on pioneering archival research, Robert Service's gripping investigation of the final years of the Cold War pinpoints the extraordinary relationships between Ronald Reagan, Gorbachev, George Shultz, and Shevardnadze, who found ways to cooperate during times of exceptional change around the world. A story of American pressure and Soviet long-term decline and overstretch, The End of the Cold War: 1985-1991 shows how a small but skillful group of statesmen grew determined to end the Cold War on their watch and transformed the global political landscape irreversibly.

Download or read book The Future Belongs to Freedom written by Ėduard Amvrosievich Shevardnadze and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Shevardnadze resigned as Foreign Minister, warning that reactionary forces were threatening progress toward true democracy in the Soviet Union, the world realized that here was a different man from the reformers who hoped to preserve much of the existing political system.

Download or read book Human Rights Perestroika and the End of the Cold War written by A. L. Adamishin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Br> Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War by Adamishin, Anatoly L.; Schifter, Richard Terms of use A diplomatic memoir unlike any other, this volume takes the reader behind the scenes on both sides of the Cold War as two men form an unlikely partnership to help transform Soviet-American relations. Copyright ® 2011 R.R. Bowker LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Download or read book Reagan and Gorbachev written by Jack Matlock and published by Random House Trade Paperbacks. This book was released on 2005-11-08 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “[Matlock’s] account of Reagan’s achievement as the nation’s diplomat in chief is a public service.”—The New York Times Book Review “Engrossing . . . authoritative . . . a detailed and reliable narrative that future historians will be able to draw on to illuminate one of the most dramatic periods in modern history.”—Los Angeles Times Book Review In Reagan and Gorbachev, Jack F. Matlock, Jr., a former U.S. ambassador to the U.S.S.R. and principal adviser to Ronald Reagan on Soviet and European affairs, gives an eyewitness account of how the Cold War ended. Working from his own papers, recent interviews with major figures, and unparalleled access to the best and latest sources, Matlock offers an insider’s perspective on a diplomatic campaign far more sophisticated than previously thought, waged by two leaders of surpassing vision. Matlock details how Reagan privately pursued improved U.S.-U.S.S.R. relations even while engaging in public saber rattling. When Gorbachev assumed leadership, however, Reagan and his advisers found a willing partner in peace. Matlock shows how both leaders took risks that yielded great rewards and offers unprecedented insight into the often cordial working relationship between Reagan and Gorbachev. Both epic and intimate, Reagan and Gorbachev will be the standard reference on the end of the Cold War, a work that is critical to our understanding of the present and the past.

Download or read book Witnesses to the End of the Cold War written by William Curti Wohlforth and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did the Cold War end as peacefully, and as suddenly, as it did? In February 1993 key diplomatic players--including former U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz and his Russian counterpart, former Soviet foreign minister Alexander Bessmertnykh--gathered in Princeton, New Jersey, to exchange views on the transition to the post-Cold War world. Now, the complete transcripts of this historic three-day conference, supplemented by incisive interpretive essays by three senior political scientists, are available in William C. Wohlforth's Witnesses to the End of the Cold War. Conference participants explore the ways in which the two sides overcame domestic and international resistance to easing the U.S.-Soviet rivalry, from the tense crises of the early 1980s to the increasingly productive summits of the decade's end. They also discuss such issues as the arms buildup and reduction, management of crisis flashpoints, chief players in the Cold War thaw, the economic and political impact on Russia of the war in Afghanistan, and events at the Reykjavik Summit. In the interpretive essays, Fred Greenstein, Robert Jervis, and Alexander George discuss the role of personalities and misperception, and offer a political-psychology perspective on the Cold War's end. The book also features a preface by Don Oberdorfer and a concluding chapter by volume editor William Wohlforth, which sets the issue in the context of international relations theory. With an appendix that includes recently declassified Soviet and American documents, Witnesses to the End of the Cold War provides an intriguing firsthand account that will be of interest to students, scholars, and informed general readers alike.

Download or read book Masterpieces of History written by Svetlana Savranskaya and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2010-05-20 with total page 783 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty years in the making, this collection presents 122 top-level Soviet, European and American records on the superpowers' role in the annus mirabilis of 1989. Consisting of Politburo minutes; diary entries from Gorbachev's senior aide, Anatoly Chernyaev; meeting notes and private communications of Gorbachev with George H.W. Bush, Margaret Thatcher, Helmut Kohl and François Mitterrand; and high-level CIA analyses, this volume offers a rare insider's look at the historic, world-transforming events that culminated in the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War. Most of these records have never been published before.