Download or read book Vulnerabilities of Networked Energy Infrastructure written by Amy Schweikert and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable work has been done to understand and improve the resilience of individual infrastructure components. However, systems of components, or even systems of systems, are far less well understood. Cascade effects, where the loss of one infrastructure affects others, is a major source of vulnerability which can lead to catastrophic disruptions of essential services. Interdependencies can also lead to large-scale failures when even a single component is disrupted and results in 'cascading' failures within and between networks. This is particularly true for power systems, as many other lifeline infrastructure systems rely on electricity. In this study we review the literature and give a primer on the vulnerabilities of networked energy infrastructure. Several recurrent themes emerge from across different systems: (1) Electricity is essential for many lifeline infrastructure systems to function; (2) Electrical distribution systems are particularly vulnerable to disruption from natural and manmade hazards; (3) Highly networked systems can be unstable even when their individual components are functioning as intended; (4) Redundancy and network density can increase reliability but also increase the likelihood of cascade effects when failures do occur; (5) Disruption of ports and roads can limit fuel supplies for generators and replacement components. Based on these insights, this study offers suggestions for further research and policy actions.

Download or read book Vulnerabilities of Networked Energy Infrastructure written by Amy Schweikert and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Protection of Critical Energy Infrastructure Against Emerging Security Challenges written by A. Niglia and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2015-10-09 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical energy infrastructure such as oil and gas pipelines, storage facilities and electricity grids are increasingly becoming the target of criminal and terrorist attacks. This book contains the papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) ‘The Protection of Critical Energy Infrastructure against Emerging Security Challenges’, held in Tbilisi, Georgia, in November 2014.The main objective of this ARW was to investigate the security risks to critical energy infrastructure, namely cyber and terrorist attacks, as well as to identify opportunities for public-private partnerships to meet these risks. The workshop served as a forum for experts and stakeholders from government, academia and the private sector to exchange information and best practice and to produce findings and recommendations for integrated security solutions involving close cooperation between public and private stakeholders. Underlining the importance of a holistic approach to European energy security, this book will be of interest to all those involved in protecting critical energy infrastructure from a diverse range of threats.

Download or read book Securing Utility and Energy Infrastructures written by Larry Ness, Ph.D. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-07-05 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest security measures for utility and energy industries Addressing the growing post-9/11 concern about the safety of the utility and energy industries, SecuringUtility and Energy Infrastructures presents a detailed blueprint for safeguarding these vital fields. This comprehensive guide discusses how to protect the electric, oil and gas, nuclear, telecommunications, and water industries from a conventional or terrorist attack. Written for anyone who is charged with the safety of these industries, Securing Utility and Energy Infrastructures explains how to look for and monitor potential physical vulnerabilities at a plant or water facility, what contaminants might be introduced to cause a catastrophic event, and how to integrate and perform vulnerability assessments and emergency response plans. This practical manual also examines the differences between a terrorist attack and a conventional mode of attack and the economic impact of each. Securing Utility and Energy Infrastructures contains insightful information on: * The latest security technology and tools available, including biotoxicity monitors and cb detection systems * Security crisis management planning and security policies, procedures, and guidelines * Industry-specific security issues and infrastructure security programs * Current federal, state, and private safety efforts and their costs Securing Utility and Energy Infrastructures stresses the importance of a proactive rather than a reactive approach to the safety of utility and energy industries. This text is an essential resource for federal and state utility regulators, industrial hygienists, first responders, Hazmat professionals, safety professionals, utility managers, IT professionals, and the criminal justice community at the federal, state, and local level.

Download or read book Cyber Security for Critical Energy Infrastructure Enhancing Electrical Grid Security Attacks on Ukrainian and Western Energy Sectors Critical Infrastructure Management Safeguards Mitigation written by U. S. Military and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-11-11 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States power grid is a logical target for a major cyber attack because it connects all of the nation's critical infrastructures with electricity. Attackers consistently exploit vulnerabilities of the bulk power system and are close to being able to disrupt electrical distribution. We live in a world that is interconnected, from personal online banking to government infrastructure; consequently, network security and defense are needed to safeguard the digital information and controls for these systems. The cyber attack topic has developed into a national interest because high-profile network breaches have introduced fear that computer network hacks and other security-related attacks have the potential to jeopardize the integrity of the nation's critical infrastructure. The national and economic security of the United States depends on a reliable, functioning critical infrastructure. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of a massive power failure may help promote changes in the way cyber security is run on our most important critical infrastructure: the national power grid. This study investigates the robustness of the power grid's network system, the collaboration between public and private sectors against cyber threats, and mitigation requirements in areas of weakened controls such as program planning and management, access controls, application software development, and system software and service continuity controls.We live in a world that is interconnected, from personal online banking to government infrastructure, which consequently requires network security and defense to safeguard the digital information and controls for these systems. The cyber-attack topic has developed into a national interest because high-profile network breaches have created fear that computer network hacks and other security related attacks have the potential to jeopardize the integrity of the nation's critical infrastructure. The United States requires a functional and resolute critical infrastructure to cultivate its economic and political strength.The most important asset within the nation's 16 critical infrastructure lineup is the national power grid. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) refers to the energy sector as the "backbone of our nation's economy, security, and health." Without electrical power, just about everything from emergency services equipment to residential lighting, in our information-age reliant society will not work. Parts of the U.S. electrical network are aging past a century, comprised of power plants averaging 30 years old. The massive and outdated electrical grid is a sprawling machine constructed of millions of equipment pieces, many that require replacement or overhaul. Obsolete equipment that are now interconnected to complex automated systems have the potential to leave an entire electrical grid vulnerable to hackers. If hackers were to remotely shut off decrepit but critical electrical transformers at three strategically located substations in the Northeastern part of the United States during a winter when energy demand peaks, power would likely have to be routed from nearby states. The intentional act of shutting off important electrical transmission and distribution equipment can cause a domino effect by creating cascading power outages across multiples cities or states.

Download or read book Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-11-25 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electric power delivery system that carries electricity from large central generators to customers could be severely damaged by a small number of well-informed attackers. The system is inherently vulnerable because transmission lines may span hundreds of miles, and many key facilities are unguarded. This vulnerability is exacerbated by the fact that the power grid, most of which was originally designed to meet the needs of individual vertically integrated utilities, is being used to move power between regions to support the needs of competitive markets for power generation. Primarily because of ambiguities introduced as a result of recent restricting the of the industry and cost pressures from consumers and regulators, investment to strengthen and upgrade the grid has lagged, with the result that many parts of the bulk high-voltage system are heavily stressed. Electric systems are not designed to withstand or quickly recover from damage inflicted simultaneously on multiple components. Such an attack could be carried out by knowledgeable attackers with little risk of detection or interdiction. Further well-planned and coordinated attacks by terrorists could leave the electric power system in a large region of the country at least partially disabled for a very long time. Although there are many examples of terrorist and military attacks on power systems elsewhere in the world, at the time of this study international terrorists have shown limited interest in attacking the U.S. power grid. However, that should not be a basis for complacency. Because all parts of the economy, as well as human health and welfare, depend on electricity, the results could be devastating. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System focuses on measures that could make the power delivery system less vulnerable to attacks, restore power faster after an attack, and make critical services less vulnerable while the delivery of conventional electric power has been disrupted.

Download or read book Letters Power Lines and Other Dangerous Things written by Ryan Ellis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of how post-9/11 security concerns have transformed the public view and governance of infrastructure. After September 11, 2001, infrastructures—the mundane systems that undergird much of modern life—were suddenly considered “soft targets” that required immediate security enhancements. Infrastructure protection quickly became the multibillion dollar core of a new and expansive homeland security mission. In this book, Ryan Ellis examines how the long shadow of post-9/11 security concerns have remade and reordered infrastructure, arguing that it has been a stunning transformation. Ellis describes the way workers, civic groups, city councils, bureaucrats, and others used the threat of terrorism as a political resource, taking the opportunity not only to address security vulnerabilities but also to reassert a degree of public control over infrastructure. Nearly two decades after September 11, the threat of terrorism remains etched into the inner workings of infrastructures through new laws, regulations, technologies, and practices. Ellis maps these changes through an examination of three U.S. infrastructures: the postal system, the freight rail network, and the electric power grid. He describes, for example, how debates about protecting the mail from anthrax and other biological hazards spiraled into larger arguments over worker rights, the power of large-volume mailers, and the fortunes of old media in a new media world; how environmental activists leveraged post-9/11 security fears over shipments of hazardous materials to take on the rail industry and the chemical lobby; and how otherwise marginal federal regulators parlayed new mandatory cybersecurity standards for the electric power industry into a robust system of accountability.

Download or read book Examining Robustness and Vulnerability of Networked Systems written by S. Butenko and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2014-06-19 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern critical infrastructure is characterized by complex, heterogeneous and dynamically evolving networks. But these can be vulnerable to component failure, and this is a problem which must be addressed by realistic mathematical models. This book presents papers from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW), Examining Robustness and Vulnerability of Critical Infrastructure Networks, held in Kiev, Ukraine, in June 2013. Contributions were from workshop participants as well as invited experts in the field, and cover topics including: mathematical models; probability-based risk measures; algorithms for the design and detection of robust structures; identification of critical network components and case studies. This book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners and graduate students in the fields of mathematics, computer science and engineering.

Download or read book Energy Infrastructure Resilience and Economic Impacts written by Harsh Anand and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The energy infrastructure facilitates energy flows across industry sectors throughout the nation. This energy flow is susceptible to any disruptive event that threatens the functionality of the energy supply-demand network and impacts economic productivity throughout a multi-regional interdependent economy. The study on the systematic framework for analyzing energy infrastructure resilience proposes a systematic framework to analyze energy infrastructure resilience by (i) evaluating the economic vulnerability of the interdependent network of energy infrastructure and industry sectors, (ii) seeking strategies to allocate a limited budget to harden the network, and (iii) assessing the value of information in decision making under uncertainty. The proposed resilience analysis framework is implemented in a stylized case study of the U.S. energy and the industry sectors. The holistic framework helps policymakers with decisions related to enhancing energy infrastructure resilience. Such decisions include investments to (i) reduce the vulnerability of the energy infrastructure network and (ii) develop a more effective mix of generation sources (e.g., renewable vs. nonrenewable). The U.S. has defined a number of critical infrastructures, the disruption of which "would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination of those matters." Among these critical infrastructures is the electric power network that has a crucial role in enabling the operation of societies and industries. In the past decades, the functionality of the power network has been vulnerable to numerous disruptive events, including natural hazards, human-made events, or common failures. The power network component vulnerability analysis work leverages several publicly available big data sets to lay the foundation for a comprehensive characterization and analysis of the U.S. power network in order to propose a network component vulnerability measure adopting machine learning techniques. The non-linear machine learning model is implemented to create smarter component cataloging for vulnerability analysis based on its geographic location and criticality. The findings could be useful by the grid stakeholder and policymakers to (i) evaluate network stability, (ii) understand the risk of cascading failure, and (iii) improve the resilience of the overall network and moving toward resilient smart grids. Power networks have become increasingly interconnected and complex. The resilience of the power network is crucial for the economic productivity of the states and the broader country. The power network component importance considering economic impacts study integrates a network flow formulation with an economic interdependency model to quantify the multi-industry impacts of a disruption in the power network. We aim to measure and rank the importance of components according to their impact on the network's overall resilience. During modeling, we define the measure of importance by combining the probabilistic assumptions under uncertainty. We use data-driven methods to enhance the predictability and interpretability of resilience importance measures in network planning using a Bayesian kernel technique.

Download or read book Smart Grid Cyber Security Potential Threats Vulnerabilities and Risks written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cyberphysical Infrastructures in Power Systems written by Magdi S. Mahmoud and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-10-23 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an uncertain and complex environment, to ensure secure and stable operations of large-scale power systems is one of the biggest challenges that power engineers have to address today. Traditionally, power system operations and decision-making in controls are based on power system computations of physical models describing the behavior of power systems. Largely, physical models are constructed according to some assumptions and simplifications, and such is the case with power system models. However, the complexity of power system stability problems, along with the system's inherent uncertainties and nonlinearities, can result in models that are impractical or inaccurate. This calls for adaptive or deep-learning algorithms to significantly improve current control schemes that solve decision and control problems. Cyberphysical Infrastructures in Power Systems: Architectures and Vulnerabilities provides an extensive overview of CPS concepts and infrastructures in power systems with a focus on the current state-of-the-art research in this field. Detailed classifications are pursued highlighting existing solutions, problems, and developments in this area. Gathers the theoretical preliminaries and fundamental issues related to CPS architectures. Provides coherent results in adopting control and communication methodologies to critically examine problems in various units within smart power systems and microgrid systems. Presents advanced analysis under cyberphysical attacks and develops resilient control strategies to guarantee safe operation at various power levels.

Download or read book Information assurance trends in vulnerabilities threats and technologies written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the missions of the Center for Technology and National Security Policy at National Defense University is to study the transformation of America's military and to explore the consequences of the information revolution. To further this mission, National Defense University, in collaboration with The Center for Public Policy and Private Enterprise of the University of Maryland's School of Public Affairs, brought together leaders in the fields of military and commercial technology. The purpose of the meeting was to gain insight into the risks and vulnerabilities inherent in the use of information technology on the battlefield and in military systems. This volume presents the results of that workshop. This volume examines threats and vulnerabilities in the following four areas: (1) physical attacks on critical information nodes; (2) electromagnetic attacks against ground, airborne, or space-based information assets; (3) cyber attacks against information systems; and (4) attacks and system failures made possible by the increased level of complexity inherent in the multiplicity of advanced systems. Chapters are as follows: "Trends in Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Technologies," by Jacques S. Gansler and William Lucyshyn; "Physical Vulnerabilities of Critical Information Systems," by Robert H. Anderson; "Physical Vulnerabilities Exposed at the National Training Center," by Colonel John D. Rosenberger; "Dealing with Physical Vulnerabilities," by Bruce W. MacDonald; "Vulnerabilities to Electromagnetic Attack of Defense Information Systems," by John M. Borky; "Vulnerabilities to Electromagnetic Attack of the Civil Infrastructure," by Donald C. Latham; "Trends in Cyber Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Countermeasures," by Michael A. Vatis; "Enhancing Cyber Security for the Warfighter," by Sean R. Finnegan; "Complexity of Network Centric Warfare," by Stanley B. Alterman; and "Difficulties with Network Centric Warfare," by Charles Perrow.

Download or read book Critical Infrastructure Protection in Homeland Security written by Ted G. Lewis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-12-17 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers critical infrastructure protection, providing a rigorous treatment of risk, resilience, complex adaptive systems, and sector dependence Wide in scope, this classroom-tested book is the only one to emphasize a scientific approach to protecting the key infrastructures components of a nation. It analyzes the complex network of entities that make up a nation's infrastructure, and identifies vulnerabilities and risks in various sectors by combining network science, complexity theory, risk analysis, and modeling and simulation. This approach reduces the complex problem of protecting water supplies, energy pipelines, telecommunication stations, power grid, and Internet and Web networks to a much simpler problem of protecting a few critical nodes. The new third edition of Critical Infrastructure Protection in Homeland Security: Defending a Networked Nation incorporates a broader selection of ideas and sectors than the previous book. Divided into three sections, the first part looks at the historical origins of homeland security and critical infrastructure, and emphasizes current policy. The second examines theory and foundations, highlighting risk and resilience in the context of complexity theory, network science, and the prevailing theories of catastrophe. The last part covers the individual sectors, including communications, internet, cyber threats, information technology, social networks, SCADA, water and water treatment, energy, and more. Covers theories of catastrophes, details of how sectors work, and how to deal with the problem of critical infrastructure protection’s enormity and complexity Places great emphasis on computer security and whole-community response Includes PowerPoint slides for use by lecturers, as well as an instructor's guide with answers to exercises Offers five robust appendices that augment the non-mathematical chapters with more rigorous explanations and mathematics Critical Infrastructure Protection in Homeland Security, Third Edition is an important book for upper-division undergraduates and first-year graduate students in political science, history, public administration, and computer technology. It will also be of great interest to professional security experts and policymakers.

Download or read book Fragile Networks written by Anna Nagurney and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-08-17 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unified treatment of the vulnerabilities that exist in real-world network systems—with tools to identify synergies for mergers and acquisitions Fragile Networks: Identifying Vulnerabilities and Synergies in an Uncertain World presents a comprehensive study of network systems and the roles these systems play in our everyday lives. This book successfully conceptualizes, defines, and constructs mathematically rigorous, computer-based tools for the assessment of network performance and efficiency, along with robustness and vulnerability analysis. The result is a thorough exploration that promotes an understanding of the critical infrastructure of today's network systems, from congested urban transportation networks and supply chain networks under disruption to financial networks and the Internet. The authors approach the analyses by abstracting not only topological structures of networks, but also the behavior of network users, the demand for resources, the resulting flows, and the associated costs. Following an introduction to the fundamental methodologies and tools required for network analysis and network vulnerability, the book is organized into three self-contained parts: Part I—Network Fundamentals, Efficiency Measurement, and Vulnerability Analysis explores the theoretical and practical foundations for a new network efficiency measure in order to assess the importance of network components in various network systems. Methodologies for distinct decision-making behaviors are outlined, along with the tools for qualitative analysis, the algorithms for the computation of solutions, and a thorough discussion of the unified network efficient measure and network robustness with the unified measure. Part II—Applications and Extensions examines the efficiency changes and the associated cost increments after network components are eliminated or partially damaged. A discussion of the recently established connections between transportation networks and different critical networks is provided, which demonstrates how the new network measures and robustness indices can be applied to different supply chain, financial, and dynamic networks, including the Internet and electronic power networks. Part III—Mergers and Acquisitions, Network Integration, and Synergies reveals the connections between transportation networks and different network systems and quantifies the synergies associated with the network systems, from total cost reduction to environmental impact assessment. In the case of mergers and acquisitions, the focus is on supply chain networks. The authors outline a system-optimization perspective for supply chain networks and also formalize coalition formation using game theory with insights into the merger paradox. With its numerous network examples and real-world applications, Fragile Networks: Identifying Vulnerabilities and Synergies in an Uncertain World is an excellent book for courses in network science, transportation science, operations management, and financial networks at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the areas of applied mathematics, computer science, operations research, management science, finance, and economics, as well as industrial, systems, and civil engineering. Listen to Dr. Nagurney's podcast Supernetworks: Building Better Real and Virtual Highways at http://www.scienceofbetter.org/podcast/ .

Download or read book Smart Grid Security written by Gilbert N. Sorebo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Smart Grid has the potential to revolutionize electricity delivery systems, and the security of its infrastructure is a vital concern not only for cyber-security practitioners, engineers, policy makers, and utility executives, but also for the media and consumers. Smart Grid Security: An End-to-End View of Security in the New Electrical Grid explores the important techniques, challenges, and forces that will shape how we achieve a secure twenty-first century electric grid. Includes a Foreword by Michael Assante, President and CEO, National Board of Information Security Examiners Following an overview of the components of the Smart Grid, the book delves into the evolution of security standards and regulations and examines ways in which the Smart Grid might be regulated. The authors discuss the technical details about how metering technology is being implemented and the likely threats and vulnerabilities that utilities will face. They address the home area network (HAN) and examine distribution and transmission—the foundation for the delivery of electricity, along with distributed generation, micro-grids, and operations. The book explores future concepts—such as energy storage and the use of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)—in addition to the concomitant risk for fraud and manipulation with stored energy. Consumer-related issues are discussed as they pertain to emerging ways of receiving and generating energy. The book examines dysfunctions ranging from inadvertent outages to cyber-attack and presents recommendations on how to respond to these incidents. It concludes with speculation of future cyber-security challenges and discusses new ways that the grid can be defended, such as better key management and protection. Written in a style rigorous enough for the practitioner yet accessible to a broad audience, this comprehensive volume covers a topic that is becoming more critical to industry and consumers everywhere.

Download or read book Sensor Network Design for a Secure Electric Energy Infrastructure written by Ramon Alberto Leon Candela and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the increasing threat of terrorism around the world, more attention has been paid to the security of the electric transmission infrastructure. Events in countries like Colombia, which has experienced as much as 200 terrorist attacks on its transmission infrastructure per year, show the vulnerability of the power system to these kinds of events. Although it is very difficult to avoid or predict when and where these terrorist acts can occur, quick assessment of the situation can help operators to take the optimal actions in order to avoid cascading events and the consequent partial or total blackouts. Wireless sensor networks are becoming the technology of choice for sensing applications mostly due to their ease of installation and associated lower costs. This thesis proposes a novel conceptual design for an application of wireless sensor technology for assessing the structural health of transmission lines and their implementation to improve the observability and reliability of power systems. A two layers model is presented for overcoming the communication range limitations of smart sensors and two operational modes are introduced. The main goal was to obtain a complete physical and electrical picture of the power system in real time, and determine appropriate control measures that could be automatically taken and/or suggested to the system operators once an extreme mechanical condition appears in a transmission line. For evaluating the feasibility of the concept, a dispatcher training simulator (DTS) based on the energy management system (EMS) platform from AREVA T & D was used for simulating the operation of the electric power system in real time as it is monitored at an actual energy control center.

Download or read book Climate Vulnerability written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 1086 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change has been the subject of thousands of books and magazines, scientific journals, and newspaper articles daily. It’s a subject that can be very political and emotional, often blurring the lines between fact and fiction. The vast majority of research, studies, projections and recommendations tend to focus on the human influence on climate change and global warming as the result of CO2 emissions, often to the exclusion of other threats that include population growth and the stress placed on energy sources due to emerging global affluence. Climate Vulnerability, Five Volume Set seeks to strip away the politics and emotion that surround climate change and will assess the broad range of threats using the bottom up approach—including CO2 emissions, population growth, emerging affluence, and many others—to our five most critical resources: water, food, ecosystems, energy, and human health. Inclusively determining what these threats are while seeking preventive measures and adaptations is at the heart of this unique reference work. Takes a Bottom-Up approach, addressing climate change and the threat to our key resources at the local level first and globally second, providing a more accurate and inclusive approach. Includes extensive cross-referencing, which is key to readers as new connections between factors can be discovered. Cuts across a number of disciplines and will appeal to Biological Science, Earth & Environmental Science, Ecology, and Social Science, comprehensively addressing climate change and other threats to our key resources from multiple perspectives