Download or read book Oncolytic Virotherapy written by Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using viruses to treat cancer is an established concept, and many viruses have shown promising anti-tumor efficacies. Oncolytic viruses are safe and well-characterized pathogens with a stable genome. The outstanding clinical results for oncolytic virotherapy deserve serious attention and consideration to make it a treatment option alongside classical cancer therapeutics. Virotherapy uses replication-competent oncolytic viruses to replicate and destroy cancer cells selectively. The transformed nature of cancer cells offers a permissive environment for some viruses’ replication and to complement viral mutations. The in situ amplification and spread within the tumor mass is the key benefit of such replication-competent viruses. Oncolytic virotherapy is divided into two main groups, according to tumor specificity: naturally oncolytic viruses to replicate in human cancer cells; and gene-modified viruses engineered to accomplish selective oncolysis.

Download or read book Oncolytic Viruses written by Christine E. Engeland and published by Humana. This book was released on 2020-09-19 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to provide a guide for virologists, translational researchers, and clinicians in the field of cancer research by providing reference protocols and methodologies from vector development through clinical translation. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Oncolytic Viruses: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

Download or read book Virotherapy written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2022-10-05 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is Virotherapy Reprogramming viruses in order to cure illness is an example of virotherapy, which is a kind of treatment that makes use of biotechnology to turn viruses into therapeutic agents. Anti-cancer oncolytic viruses, viral vectors for gene therapy, and viral immunotherapy are the three primary subspecialties that fall under the umbrella term "virotherapy." Gene overexpression, gene knockout, and suicide gene delivery are the three distinct approaches that are used by these branches throughout the therapeutic process. Gene overexpression results in the addition of genetic sequences that make up for insufficient or nonexistent amounts of essential gene expression. Gene silencing or expression reduction may be achieved by gene deletion by using RNA-based techniques. The delivery of suicide genes involves the introduction of genetic sequences that trigger an apoptotic response in cells; this is often done in order to eliminate malignant growths. In a somewhat different setting, the term "virotherapy" may also refer to the use of viruses to cure certain medical problems by eliminating infections. This is one definition of the term. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Virotherapy Chapter 2: Gene therapy Chapter 3: Immunotherapy Chapter 4: Cancer vaccine Chapter 5: Chimeric antigen receptor T cell Chapter 6: Cancer immunotherapy Chapter 7: Oncolytic virus Chapter 8: Viral vector Chapter 9: Murine respirovirus Chapter 10: Oncolytics Biotech Chapter 11: Pelareorep Chapter 12: Molecular oncology Chapter 13: Pexastimogene devacirepvec Chapter 14: Talimogene laherparepvec Chapter 15: Oncolytic herpes virus Chapter 16: Oncolytic adenovirus Chapter 17: Measles virus encoding the human thyroidal sodium iodide symporter Chapter 18: Timeline of cancer treatment development Chapter 19: Julianna Lisziewicz Chapter 20: Oncolytic AAV Chapter 21: Viral vector vaccine (II) Answering the public top questions about virotherapy. (III) Real world examples for the usage of virotherapy in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of virotherapy' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of virotherapy.

Download or read book Progress in Cancer Immunotherapy written by Shuren Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-30 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers an extensive overview of recent progress in basic and clinical research on cancer immunotherapy. Thanks to rapid advances in molecular biology and immunology, it has become increasingly evident that cancer growth is influenced by host immune responses. With the success of a number of clinical trials, immunotherapy has become a promising treatment modality of cancer. This book covers five major topics, including monoclonal antibodies, biological response modifiers, cancer vaccines, adoptive cellular therapy and oncolytic viruses. It also examines the combination of different immune strategies as well as the combination of immunotherapy with other treatments to increase anti-tumor effects. Through the comprehensive discussion of the topic, the book sheds valuable new light on the treatment of tumors.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Cancer Research and Therapy written by Xin-Yuan Liu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-05-18 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer continues to be one of the major causes of death throughout the developed world, which has led to increased research on effective treatments. Because of this, in the past decade, rapid progress in the field of cancer treatment has been seen. Recent Advances in Cancer Research and Therapy reviews in specific details some of the most effective and promising treatments developed in research centers worldwide. While referencing advances in traditional therapies and treatments such as chemotherapy, this book also highlights advances in biotherapy including research using Interferon and Super Interferon, HecI based and liposome based therapy, gene therapy, and p53 based cancer therapy. There is also a discussion of current cancer research in China including traditional Chinese medicine. Written by leading scientists in the field, this book provides an essential insight into the current state of cancer therapy and treatment. Includes a wide range of research areas including a focus on biotherapy and the development of novel cancer therapeutic strategies. Formatted for a broad audience including all working in researching cancer treatments and therapies. Discusses special traits and results of Chinese cancer research.

Download or read book Oncolytic Viruses Genetically Engineering the Future of Cancer Therapy written by Benjamin Gesundheit and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-11-22 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to genetically engineer oncolytic viruses in order to minimize side effects and improve the selective targeting of tumor cells has opened up novel opportunities for treating cancer. Understanding the mechanisms involved and the complex interaction between the viruses and the immune system will undoubtedly help guide the development of new strategies. Theranostic biomarkers to monitor these therapies in clinical trials serve an important need in this innovative field and demand further research.

Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Yasushi Kawaguchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces and reviews several topics for each human herpesvirus. One of the most important features of the book is that it covers aspects of both basic research and clinical medicine. Herpesviridae, a family of double-strand DNA viruses, has unique biological features by which these viruses establish latency after primary infection and reactivate in later life. Nine human herpesviruses are known so far, and each of them causes a variety of diseases in both primary infection and reactivation. Since the discovery of each human herpesvirus, an abundance of findings related to them has accumulated in basic research and clinical medicine. However, the vast majority of biological features is still masked in mystery. Furthermore, a strategy of treatment and prevention has not yet been established for most human herpesviruses. A wide range of readers will be interested in this volume with its treatment of problematic points and latest findings in the field.

Download or read book Viruses and Man A History of Interactions written by Milton W. Taylor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-21 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Milton Taylor, Indiana University, offers an easy-to-read and fascinating text describing the impact of viruses on human society. The book starts with an analysis of the profound effect that viral epidemics had on world history resulting in demographic upheavals by destroying total populations. It also provides a brief history of virology and immunology. Furthermore, the use of viruses for the treatment of cancer (viral oncolysis or virotherapy) and bacterial diseases (phage therapy) and as vectors in gene therapy is discussed in detail. Several chapters focus on viral diseases such as smallpox, influenza, polio, hepatitis and their control, as well as on HIV and AIDS and on some emerging viruses with an interesting story attached to their discovery or vaccine development. The book closes with a chapter on biological weapons. It will serve as an invaluable source of information for beginners in the field of virology as well as for experienced virologists, other academics, students, and readers without prior knowledge of virology or molecular biology.

Download or read book Dynamics Of Cancer Mathematical Foundations Of Oncology written by Dominik Wodarz and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book aims to provide an introduction to mathematical models that describe the dynamics of tumor growth and the evolution of tumor cells. It can be used as a textbook for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses, and also serves as a reference book for researchers. The book has a strong evolutionary component and reflects the viewpoint that cancer can be understood rationally through a combination of mathematical and biological tools. It can be used both by mathematicians and biologists. Mathematically, the book starts with relatively simple ordinary differential equation models, and subsequently explores more complex stochastic and spatial models. Biologically, the book starts with explorations of the basic dynamics of tumor growth, including competitive interactions among cells, and subsequently moves on to the evolutionary dynamics of cancer cells, including scenarios of cancer initiation, progression, and treatment. The book finishes with a discussion of advanced topics, which describe how some of the mathematical concepts can be used to gain insights into a variety of questions, such as epigenetics, telomeres, gene therapy, and social interactions of cancer cells.

Download or read book Human Gene Therapy Current Opportunities and Future Trends written by G. M. Rubanyi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in genetics, molecular biology and gene delivery technologies in recent years have led to new gene therapy strategies for treatment of a variety of diseases. This book gives a comprehensive overview of the present status and future directions of gene delivery systems and therapeutic strategies for the clinical application of gene therapy in cancer, cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases. Stem cell-based therapies and gene expression regulatory systems as novel platform technologies for various gene therapy applications are also discussed. Leading experts give excellent overviews of basic molecular aspects and clinical applications in this new emerging biomedical field.

Download or read book Mathematical Models of Cancer and Different Therapies written by Regina Padmanabhan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-31 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unified framework for various currently available mathematical models that are used to analyze progression and regression in cancer development, and to predict its dynamics with respect to therapeutic interventions. Accurate and reliable model representations of cancer dynamics are milestones in the field of cancer research. Mathematical modeling approaches are becoming increasingly common in cancer research, as these quantitative approaches can help to validate hypotheses concerning cancer dynamics and thus elucidate the complexly interlaced mechanisms involved. Even though the related conceptual and technical information is growing at an exponential rate, the application of said information and realization of useful healthcare devices are lagging behind. In order to remedy this discrepancy, more interdisciplinary research works and course curricula need to be introduced in academic, industrial, and clinical organizations alike. To that end, this book reformulates most of the existing mathematical models as special cases of a general model, allowing readers to easily get an overall idea of cancer dynamics and its modeling. Moreover, the book will help bridge the gap between biologists and engineers, as it brings together cancer dynamics, the main steps involved in mathematical modeling, and control strategies developed for cancer management. This also allows readers in both medical and engineering fields to compare and contrast all the therapy-based models developed to date using a single source, and to identify unexplored research directions.

Download or read book Optimization in Medicine and Biology written by Gino J. Lim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to recent advancements, optimization is now recognized as a crucial component in research and decision-making across a number of fields. Through optimization, scientists have made tremendous advances in cancer treatment planning, disease control, and drug development, as well as in sequencing DNA, and identifying protein structures. Op

Download or read book XII Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 2010 written by Nicolas Pallikarakis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-28 with total page 1070 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past three decades, the exploding number of new technologies and applications introduced in medical practice, often powered by advances in biosignal processing and biomedical imaging, created an amazing account of new possibilities for diagnosis and therapy, but also raised major questions of appropriateness and safety. The accelerated development in this field, alongside with the promotion of electronic health care solutions, is often on the basis of an uncontrolled diffusion and use of medical technology. The emergence and use of medical devices is multiplied rapidly and today there exist more than one million different products available on the world market. Despite the fact that the rising cost of health care, partly resulting from the new emerging technological applications, forms the most serious and urgent problem for many governments today, another important concern is that of patient safety and user protection, issues that should never be compromised and expelled from the Biomedical Engineering research practice agenda.

Download or read book Birnaviruses as Candidates for Oncolytic Virotherapy written by Abirami Ravichandran and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oncolytic virotherapy is a type of cancer therapy that involves the use of live, replication-competent viruses as therapeutic agents. These viruses have the potential to selectively replicate in cancer cells while causing minimal harm to normal, non-cancerous cells. Due to their cancer-selective nature, they cause minimal side effects when employed as cancer therapeutics and are emerging as a promising immunotherapeutic treatment option. A number of oncolytic viruses of different viral families are currently undergoing preclinical as well as clinical testing for their oncolytic properties. From the work done so far in the field, it has been recognized that a single oncolytic virus may not be able to target all types of cancer and that the development of different oncolytic virus platforms will be necessary to target diverse cancer types. With the goal of identifying novel candidates for oncolytic virotherapy, studies using two viruses from the Birnaviridae family, namely Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), were undertaken in this dissertation. In vitro testing, one of the initial steps undertaken in the development of any novel cancer therapeutic, was the focus of the first study. Here, we assessed the presence of oncolytic properties in Birnaviruses, IPNV and IBDV. Two main properties oncolytic viruses contain are cancer-selective replication and lysis. These two properties were explored for IPNV and IBDV using a range of cancer and non-cancer cells of different cell lineages. When the cancer cells were treated with IPNV, a decline in viability was observed in breast, liver, and renal cancer cells that were tested. With IBDV, a decrease in viability was observed in breast, renal, liver, colorectal cancer, and leukemic cells. The non-cancerous normal cells did not undergo lysis on treatment with IPNV or IBDV. The viruses were able to replicate productively in the susceptible cancer cells but not in the non-cancer normal cells. The levels of caspases 3 and 7, involved in executing apoptosis, were elevated in all the susceptible cancer cells. This indicates that apoptosis, the predominant cell death pathway activated by many viruses, may also be involved in Birnavirus-induced oncolytic cell death. On further exploration of innate immune cell pathways in the infected cells, upregulation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) pathway components was observed, implying that this could be a major pathway activated by Birnaviruses post infection. Overall, the first study findings indicated the presence of oncolytic properties in both IPNV and IBDV, with a greater range of oncolytic action observed while using IBDV. Subsequently, we explored the potential for engineering IBDV with the goal of attaining better oncolytic properties. In this study, the first experiment was aimed at standardizing and establishing a reverse genetics system for the virus rescue of IBDV. For the viral rescue experiments, a plasmid-based reverse genetics system with bidirectional promoters and viral cDNA sequences was designed. When experimentally tested, this plasmid-based system successfully produced the IBDV wildtype virus with good efficiency. The rescued WT virus is referred to as IBDV rWT. After the successful rescue of the wildtype IBDV, the same reverse genetics methodology was employed to attempt the rescue of recombinant IBDV. The first recombinant IBDV design that was tested had a deletion of the accessory viral protein, VP5 (dVP5). Since it was known that VP5 assists in the non-lytic egress of the virus, it was hypothesized that the deletion of VP5 might result in enhanced oncolytic properties. The IBDV with deleted VP5 (IBDV dVP5) was successfully recovered using the reverse genetics system. Following the recovery of the IBDV dVP5, experiments were conducted to test if IBDV dVP5 had better oncolytic properties compared to the wildtype virus. It was observed that IBDV dVP5 had oncolytic properties; however, the oncolytic efficacy was not increased compared to the rescued IBDV rWT. Another recombinant IBDV was designed with the addition of csf gene as a payload to enhance oncolytic action. The payload csf gene encodes for the cytokine, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). However, when experiments were conducted, the recombinant virus with the csf gene insert could not be successfully rescued. In summary, a bidirectional promoter-based reverse genetics system was established in this study, which opens avenues for further engineering of recombinant viruses using this reverse genetics system. Further, recombinant IBDV dVP5 was rescued, and its oncolytic activity was tested in comparison with IBDV WT. Although the reasons for the decreased oncolytic activity of IBDV dVP5, as well as the unsuccessful rescue of recombinant IBDV csf virus, are not fully understood, these are interesting areas to explore in future studies. Finally, in vivo studies were performed to assess the oncolytic effects of IBDV and IPNV in a mouse breast cancer model. Model characterization experiments were initially performed to identify a suitable murine tumor model for preclinical validation studies. From these experiments, a cell-derived xenograft model using HCC1187 breast cancer cells was chosen for studying in vivo oncolytic activity. HCC1187 tumor cells were injected into the immunocompromised NSG mice (NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull) mice to generate mammary tumors, and the viruses were injected subsequently to test for their oncolytic activity. The viral treatments did not significantly reduce the tumor growth; however, there was a marginal difference in survival outcomes among the groups. Further, the viral treatments were found to be well tolerated by the mice. In summary, an in vivo model system for preclinical validation studies of Birnavirus oncolysis was established, and one of the first studies was conducted to evaluate the in vivo oncolytic activity of IPNV and IBDV. Although this initial study did not find significant differences in tumor outcomes, further studies can be undertaken using this tumor model to optimize various treatment parameters, including the dose, schedule, and mode of administration, with the goal of enhancing treatment efficacy. In conclusion, this is one of the first studies to extensively characterize the oncolytic properties of Birnaviruses, IPNV and IBDV. The viruses were found to possess innate tumor tropic, replicative, and lytic abilities against different cancer cell types in vitro. A high-efficiency reverse genetics system was established in the study to facilitate genetic modification of IBDV, and this system can be used in designing recombinant IBDV for further studies of varied applications, including oncolytic virotherapy, vaccine studies, or studies regarding virus biology. Furthermore, initial in vivo studies were conducted to test the oncolytic properties of IPNV and IBDV, and this murine tumor model can be used in further optimization studies of the viral treatments for better efficacy. Additionally, previous evidence from the literature suggests that these Birnaviruses may be safer for human use due to their non-pathogenic profile and may be strongly immunostimulatory in vivo due to their dsRNA genome. Collectively, these findings indicate that Birnaviruses, IPNV and IBDV, possess oncolytic properties with important advantages and therefore, can be good candidates for oncolytic virotherapy.

Download or read book Oncolytic Virotherapy of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms with the Vaccinia Virus GLV 1h68 and the Herpes Simplex Virus T VEC written by Linus Daniel Kloker and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, including neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas, are still a fatal disease and are in desperate need for novel promising therapy options. For oncolytic virotherapy, viruses are genetically engineered or selected to specifically replicate in tumor cells. By infecting, replicating and releasing viral progeny, oncolytic viruses spread infectiously through the tumor tissue and lyse tumor cells. Simultaneously, an inflammatory environment is created within the tumor, attracting immune cells and mobilizing the patient's immune system to perform a widespread systemic antitumor immune response. This study aimed to evaluate oncolytic virotherapy for neuroendocrine neoplasms. Two oncolytic viruses, which have both already been administered to patients in clinical trials, were selected to be studied for their activity in six cell lines derived from neuroendocrine neoplasms. GLV-1h68 is an oncolytic vaccinia virus currently being tested in clinical phase I/II trials for several other cancer entities. The second virus is the herpes simplex virus T-VEC, being already clinically approved for treatment of advanced melanoma. Six cell lines, two of them originating from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, two derived from neuroendocrine tumors of the lung and two originating from neuroendocrine carcinomas were employed in this study. The impact of both viruses on cell viability was measured using SRB viability assays and the development of cell viability over time was studied using real-time cell monitoring. Further, virus replication was quantified, microscopic pictures of the infected cell layer were taken and transgene expression of both viruses was assessed. Additionally, transmission electron microscopic pictures were taken to visualize T-VEC envelopment and cell egress. For both viruses, a combinatorial regimen using Everolimus, a state-of-the-art treatment for neuroendocrine tumors, was evaluated employing the same methods. Moreover, the effect of Ganciclovir on T-VEC treatment of cells from neuroendocrine neoplasms was studied. Both viruses were shown to infect, replicate in and kill tumor cells in a time and dose dependent manner. T-VEC required outstandingly low concentrations, thereby characterizing itself as a particularly promising drug candidate for neuroendocrine neoplasms. Via electron microscopy, the T-VEC virions as well as the cellular responses of neuroendocrine tumor cells to virus infection could be visualized. Transgene expression was found to be strong with both viral agents. The combinatorial treatment with Everolimus was only found to be slightly superior to monotherapy. The potency of Ganciclovir as a virostatic drug for T-VEC could be proven, efficiently limiting T-VEC replication. In summary, oncolytic virotherapy was found to be a promising therapy for neuroendocrine neoplasms in vitro. Both, GLV-1h68 and T-VEC, were shown to have high oncolytic activity in a broad spectrum of cell lines originating from neuroendocrine neoplasms. T-VEC especially demands for further preclinical and clinical development, only requiring strikingly low concentrations to replicate in and kill tumor cells. The future role of a combinatorial treatment with Everolimus remains unclear, yet still being a considerable treatment option. Ganciclovir was shown to be an important safety feature in T-VEC mediated virotherapy, preventing safety concerns using a replication competent viral vector.

Download or read book Advances in Precision Medicine Oncology written by Hilal Arnouk and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-07-21 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in precision medicine and immuno-oncology have led to highly specific and efficacious cancer therapies such as monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This book provides an up-to-date overview of advances in the field of immuno-oncology. Chapters cover such topics as ICIs and how they mount a robust immune response against cancer cells as well as the response of ICIs to treatment predictive biomarkers and their potential immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Additionally, the book includes a comprehensive review of the powerful FDA-approved therapeutic agent doxorubicin, highlighting the molecular mechanisms behind doxorubicin’s drug resistance and critical side effects.

Download or read book New Trends in the Applications of Differential Equations in Sciences written by Angela Slavova and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-17 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book convenes peer-reviewed, selected papers presented at the Ninth International Conference New Trends in the Applications of Differential Equations in Sciences (NTADES) held in Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 17–20, 2022. The works are devoted to many applications of differential equations in different fields of science. A number of phenomena in nature (physics, chemistry, biology) and in society (economics) result in problems leading to the study of linear and nonlinear differential equations, stochastic equations, statistics, analysis, numerical analysis, optimization, and more. The main topics are presented in the five parts of the book - applications in mathematical physics, mathematical biology, financial mathematics, neuroscience, and fractional analysis. In this volume, the reader will find a wide range of problems concerning recent achievements in both theoretical and applied mathematics. The main goal is to promote the exchange of new ideas and research between scientists, who develop and study differential equations, and researchers, who apply them for solving real-life problems. The book promotes basic research in mathematics leading to new methods and techniques useful for applications of differential equations. The NTADES 2022 conference was organized in cooperation with the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), the major international organization for Industrial and Applied Mathematics and for the promotion of interdisciplinary collaboration between applied mathematics and science, engineering, finance, and neuroscience.