Download or read book Vertical Plane Obstacle Avoidance and Control of the REMUS Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Using Forward Look Sonar written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current rates of technological advancement continue to translate into changes on our battlefields. Aerial robots capable of gathering reconnaissance along with unmanned underwater vehicles capable of defusing enemy minefields provide evidence that machines are playing key roles once played by humans within our military. This thesis explores one of the major problems facing both commercial and military UUVs to date. Successfully navigating in unfamiliar environments and maneuvering autonomously to avoid obstacles is a problem that has yet to be fully solved. Using a simulated 2-D ocean environment, the work of this thesis provides results of numerous REMUS simulations that model the vehicle s flight path over selected sea bottoms. Relying on a combination of sliding mode control and feedforward preview control, REMUS is able to locate obstacles such as seawalls using processed forward look sonar images. Once recognized, REMUS maneuvers to avoid the obstacle according to a Gaussian potential function. In summary, the integration of feedforward preview control and sliding mode control results in an obstacle avoidance controller that is not only robust, but also autonomous.
Download or read book Obstacle Avoidance Control for the REMUS Autonomous Underwater Vehicle written by Christopher D. Chuhran and published by . This book was released on 2003-09 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the Navy continues its development of unmanned underwater vehicles, the need for total autonomous missions grows. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) allow for advances in mine warfare, harbor reconnaissance, undersea warfare and more. Information can be collected from AUVs and downloaded into a ship or battle group's network. As AUVs are developed it is clear forward-look sonar will be required to be able to detect obstacles in front of its search path. Common obstacles in the littoral environment include reefs and seawalls which an AUV will need to rise above to pass. This thesis examines the behavior and control system required for an AUV to maneuver over an obstacle in the vertical plane. Hydrodynamic modeling of a REMUS vehicle enables a series of equations of motion to be developed to be used in conjunction with a sliding mode controller to control the elevation of the AUV. A two-dimensional, 24 deg. vertical scan forward look sonar with a range of 100 m is modeled for obstacle detection. Sonar mappings from geographic range-bearing coordinates are developed for use in MATLAB simulations. The sonar 'image' of the vertical obstacle allows for an increasing altitude command that forces the AUV to pass safely over the obstacles at a reasonable rate of ascent and pitch angle. Once the AUV has passed over the obstacle, the vehicle returns to its regular search altitude. This controller is simulated over different types of obstacles.
Download or read book Reactive Obstacle Avoidance for the REMUS Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Utilizing a Forward Looking Sonar written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One day fully autonomous AUV's will no longer require human interactions to complete its missions. To make this a reality, the AUV must be able to safely navigate in unfamiliar environments with unknown obstacles. This thesis builds on previous work conducted at NPS's Center for AUV Research to improve the autonomy of the REMUS class of AUVs with an implemented FLS. The first part of this thesis deals with accurate path following with the use of look-ahead pitch calculations. With the use of a SIMULINK model, constraints surrounding obstacle avoidance path planning are then explored, focusing on optimal sensor orientation issues. Two path planning methods are developed to address the issues of a limited sonar field of view and uncertainties brought on by an occlusion area. The first approach utilizes a pop-up maneuver to increase the field of view and minimize the occlusion area, while the second approach creates a path with the addition of a spline. Comparing the two methods, it was concluded that spline addition planner provided a robust optimal obstacle avoidance path and along with the look-ahead pitch controller completes the design of a back-seat driver to improve REMUS s survivability in an unknown environment. REMUS, AUV, UUV, Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, Reactive Obstacle Avoidance, Forward Looking Sonar, Vertical Plane, Pitch Controller, Spline, Gaussian, Occlusion, Optimal Sensor Orientation.
Download or read book Obstacle Avoidance While Bottom Following for the REMUS Autonomous Underwater Vehicle written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future Naval operations necessitate the incorporation of autonomous underwater vehicles into a collaborative network. In future complex missions, a forward look capability will also be required to map and avoid obstacles such as sunken ships and reefs. Following previous work on steering control, this work examines collision avoidance behaviors in bottom following using a hypothetical forward-looking sonar for the autonomous underwater vehicle REMUS. Hydrodynamic coefficients are used to develop diving equations that model REMUS behaviors. A two-dimensional forward-looking sonar model with a 20 vertical scan and a 40 meter radial range is modeled for obstacle detection. Sonar mappings from geographic range-bearing coordinates are developed for implementation in MATLAB simulations. REMUS is a highly responsive vehicle and care has taken to balance pitch and heave response to keep the obstacle to be avoided in sight during the response behavior.
Download or read book Obstacle Avoidance Control for the REMUS Autonomous Underwater Vehicle written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future Naval operations necessitate the incorporation of autonomous underwater vehicles into a collaborative network. In future complex missions, a forward look capability will be required to map and avoid obstacles such as sunken ships. This thesis examines obstacle avoidance behaviors using a forward-looking sonar for the autonomous underwater vehicle REMUS. Hydrodynamic coefficients are used to develop steering equations that model REMUS through a track of specified points similar to a real-world mission track. Control of REMUS is accomplished using line of sight and state feedback controllers. A two-dimensional forward-looking sonar model with a 1200 horizontal scan and a 110 meter radial range is modeled for obstacle detection. Sonar mappings from geographic range-bearing coordinates are developed for implementation in MATLAE simulations. The product of bearing and range weighting functions form the gain factor for a dynamic obstacle avoidance behavior. The overall vehicle heading error incorporates this obstacle avoidance term to develop a path around detected objects. REMUS is a highly responsive vehicle in the model and is capable of avoiding multiple objects in proximity along its track path.
Download or read book Obstacle Avoidance Control for the REMUS Autonomous Underwater Vehicle written by Lynn R. Fodrea and published by . This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future Naval operations necessitate the incorporation of autonomous underwater vehicles into a collaborative network. In future complex missions, a forward look capability will be required to map and avoid obstacles such as sunken ships. This thesis examines obstacle avoidance behaviors using a forward- looking sonar for the autonomous underwater vehicle REMUS. Hydrodynamic coefficients are used to develop steering equations that model REMUS through a track of specified points similar to a real-world mission track. Control of REMUS is accomplished using line of sight and state feedback controllers. A two- dimensional forward-looking sonar model with a 1200 horizontal scan and a 110 meter radial range is modeled for obstacle detection. Sonar mappings from geographic range-bearing coordinates are developed for implementation in MATLAE simulations. The product of bearing and range weighting functions form the gain factor for a dynamic obstacle avoidance behavior. The overall vehicle heading error incorporates this obstacle avoidance term to develop a path around detected objects. REMUS is a highly responsive vehicle in the model and is capable of avoiding multiple objects in proximity along its track path.
Download or read book Obstacle Avoidance Control for the REMUS Autonomous Underwater Vehicle written by Lynn Fodrea and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future Naval operations necessitate the incorporation of autonomous underwater vehicles into a collaborative network. In future complex missions, a forward look capability will be required to map and avoid obstacles such as sunken ships. This thesis examines obstacle avoidance behaviors using a forward-looking sonar for the autonomous underwater vehicle REMUS. Hydrodynamic coefficients are used to develop steering equations that model REMUS through a track of specified points similar to a real-world mission track. Control of REMUS is accomplished using line of sight and state feedback controllers. A two-dimensional forward-looking sonar model with a 1200 horizontal scan and a 110 meter radial range is modeled for obstacle detection. Sonar mappings from geographic range-bearing coordinates are developed for implementation in MATLAE simulations. The product of bearing and range weighting functions form the gain factor for a dynamic obstacle avoidance behavior. The overall vehicle heading error incorporates this obstacle avoidance term to develop a path around detected objects. REMUS is a highly responsive vehicle in the model and is capable of avoiding multiple objects in proximity along its track path.
Download or read book Integrating a RESON 7131 Forward Looking Sonar Into the REMUS 2500 Underwater Autonomous Vehicle written by Robert Everett Bruss and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rapid increase in the availability and capability of robotic technology in the 21st century, unmanned vehicles have started to play a larger role accomplishing mundane, unpleasant, and dangerous tasks around the world. While their operations have not garnered them high visibility in the media, Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) are playing an increasingly important role in both private and military operations. This thesis follows the process of integrating an advanced forward looking sonar (FLS) onto an existing UUV to increase object detection, avoidance, and classification capabilities. Conceptualization of the new vehicle hardware utilized computer-aided design to meet design requirements while maintaining all functions of the original vehicle. In order to minimize weight and manufacturing complexity, the structural design was then analyzed and optimized using finite element analysis. After a final design was submitted for review, computational fluid dynamics methods were used to quantify the lift and drag induced on the vehicle by the new FLS nose. This thesis also explores the broader hydrodynamic implications of utilizing angled faces on the nose of torpedo-like UUVs. At the time of publication, the author has submitted the proposed FLS nose integration design for review and for hopeful deployment in the summer of 2015.
Download or read book Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Using Blazed Array Forward Look Sonar written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long term goal of this project is to increase the level of autonomy in AUVs as they are being used for more complex missions than mine countermeasures. Part of this increase in autonomy will rely on obstacle detection and avoidance and will require a forward looking sonar (FLS) suitable for small vehicles. In the past year, the NPS Center for AUV Research has mounted a University of Washington Applied Physics Lab (UW:APL) Blazed Array Forward Looking Sonar (FLS) on the NPS ARIES AUV and has conducted several data collection tests in Monterey Bay. The goal of the project is to develop Obstacle Avoidance (OA) algorithms for small AUVs using image analysis in a dynamic real time system for detection and avoidance.
Download or read book Collaborative Vehicles in Future Naval Missions Obstacle Detection and Avoidance written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Keynote paper, the authors attempt to provide some overarching view of the needs for vehicle collaboration based on future Naval missions. Collaboration between differing types of autonomous vehicle, surface, ground, aerial and underwater will be required to achieve the utility in operations promised by the concepts to date. At NPS, we are also working on obstacle detection and avoidance for small AUVs which is a subject also discussed here. Recent advances in the development of low cost forward looking sonar arrays, has enabled the class of small Unmanned Underwater Vehicles to exhibit a capability for obstacle detection and avoidance. At NPS, the authors have studied the problems involved both using simulation models and through in water experimentation and validation. This paper reviews the concept of obstacle detection using a small "Blazed Array" forward looking sonar "FLS", illustrates the techniques used to analyze images obtained from an FLS, and perform threat assessment. The implementation of an avoidance controller in the NPS ARIES vehicle will be described along with a discussion of methodologies for vertical plane avoidance maneuvering. One particular strategy has been implemented and tested in the Underwater Test Range at Keyport, WA. The experiments performed will be discussed and analyzed. We show that one of the problems encountered arises when parts of the seabed are occluded from the sonar view. This leads to the notion of an uncertainty map being obtained from the FLS and used to drive the vertical response of the vehicle. Occlusion maps are built from the FLS data, and used to provide added maneuvering commands based on uncertainty. Vehicle response lags, normally a consideration with normal avoidance commands are mitigated using the FLS capability to look ahead.
Download or read book AUV Experiments in Obstacle Avoidance written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reactive Obstacle Avoidance "OA" is an important step in attaining greater autonomy in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles "AUV". For AUVs that conduct underwater surveys, avoidance of uncharted obstacles can improve vehicle survivability. This paper discusses initial experiments at the Center for AUV Research in obstacle detection and avoidance using the Naval Postgraduate School ARIES AUV with the Blueview Blazed Array forward looking sonar. It includes a discussion on evaluating OA optimality, autopilot control design and sonar image processing. It concludes with a description of successful results from a recent demonstration.
Download or read book Obstacle Detection by a Forward Looking Sonar Integrated in an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle written by Antoine Martin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Follow the Leader written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) taking place in full force, autonomous vehicles have become a major asset to government forces. Expansion of single vehicle technology to multiple vehicle technology is required in order for the United States to stay ahead of its adversaries in the GWOT and other technological fields (such as oceanography). Multiple vehicle technology has been explored by many different institutions in the recent past (Leonard, 2001 and Kucik, 2003). Expansion of this technology will lead to greater autonomy and robustness amongst the vehicles. This thesis presents a simulation of a "follow the leader" behavior for multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). The follower vehicle incorporates the use of forward-looking sonar to track the leader vehicle. This process will free up bandwidth between acoustic modems; allowing data transfer to occur with greater efficiency. Hydrodynamic coefficients are used to develop steering equations that model REMUS through a track of specified waypoints similar to a real-world mission track. A two-dimensional forward looking sonar model with a 120 [degree] horizontal scan and a 110 meter radial range is modeled to track the leader vehicle. Resulting bearing and range between the two vehicles is incorporated as control for positioning the follower vehicle.
Download or read book Contour Tracking Control for the REMUS Autonomous Underwater Vehicle written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the interest of enhancing the capabilities of autonomous underwater vehicles used in US Naval Operations, controlling vehicle position to follow depth contours presents exciting potential for navigation. Use of a contour tracking control algorithm in lieu of preprogrammed waypoint navigation offers distinct advantages within new challenges. The difficult nature of this problem lies in the non-trivial connection between the necessary corrective action and the feedback error used in traditional control methods. Stated simply, modern vehicle control algorithms separate horizontal and vertical plane navigation. The autonomous vehicle senses heading error and applies rudder to steer the vehicle to a desired heading. Simultaneously, the vehicle might sense altitude and apply stern plane angles to maintain a safe height above ground. This thesis research examines the new problem of sensing depth and altitude in the vertical plane while steering the vehicle horizontally to find a specified bathymetry contour. While more remains to understand, this research proves the existence of a solution and suggests similar approaches may facilitate tying vehicle navigation to other indirect sensors. This thesis presents two contour tracking control algorithms and examines the performance of each by simulating the response of the REMUS underwater vehicle to ideal and real-world bathymetry models.
Download or read book Barnets Sangbog written by and published by . This book was released on 1888 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Underwater SLAM for Structured Environments Using an Imaging Sonar written by David Ribas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-26 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robotics is undergoing a major transformation in scope and dimension. From a largely dominant industrial focus, robotics is rapidly expanding into human en- ronments and vigorously engaged in its new challenges. Interacting with, assisting, serving, and exploring with humans, the emerging robots will increasingly touch people and their lives. Beyond its impact on physical robots, the body of knowledge robotics has p- duced is revealing a much wider range of applications reaching across diverse research areas and scienti?c disciplines, such as: biomechanics, haptics, neu- sciences, virtual simulation, animation, surgery, and sensor networks among others. In return, the challenges of the new emerging areas are proving an abundant source of stimulation and insights for the ?eld of robotics. It is indeed at the intersection of disciplines that the most striking advances happen. The SpringerTracts in AdvancedRobotics(STAR) is devoted to bringing to the research community the latest advances in the robotics ?eld on the basis of their signi?cance and quality. Through a wide and timely dissemination of critical - search developments in robotics, our objective with this series is to promote more exchanges and collaborations among the researchers in the community and c- tribute to further advancements in this rapidly growing ?eld.
Download or read book Underwater Robotic Vehicles written by Junku Yuh and published by Tsi Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Workshop held on Maui, Hawaii, on August 14, 1994.
