Download or read book Vertical Control of Consumer Good Markets Through Resale Price Maintenance written by Mark Raymond Clark and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vertical Price Coordination and Brand Care written by Dieter Ahlert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Competition law regulates anti-competitive conduct by companies in order to maintain market competition. Cartel law can also cause restraints of competition and therefore, the existing regulations should be checked, revised and updated regularly. This book deals with the prohibition of Resale Price Maintenance, which is intensively discussed in Germany at the moment. It provides a new interdisciplinary approach to the topic that emphasizes the empirically observable marketing perspective, but draws conclusions from competition theory. Thus it reflects on the consumer benefits and welfare effects of RPM legalization at the same time. Since it provides new and constructive class-based suggestions for a re-design of European cartel law, this book should be valuable for researchers, practitioners and politicians.
Download or read book Resale Price Maintenance in Consumer Good Markets written by Melanie Ariane Schwaderer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis contributes to the debate on the EU’s approach to the business practice of resale price maintenance (RPM), which is widely criticized as too strict and in conflict with what is considered to be the consensus in the economic literature. The thesis critically dissects the economic consensus, on which the critique against the EU’s approach is based, by analyzing the empirical evidence that is cited to support the claim that RPM can frequently be explained by the service-based RPM models and shows that there is no convincing evidence that would support the significance of these positive RPM models that predict positive effects on welfare. To support this finding the thesis collects new evidence by surveying the marketing literature and shows that not only is there no convincing evidence that the positive RPM models frequently apply, but to the contrary there is evidence that these models are inconsistent with the real world phenomenon of RPM. Having refuted the service-based models the thesis takes up the scientific challenge that “it takes a theory to beat a theory” and proposes to fill the gap with three price-based models. The thesis offers an analysis of the three price-based RPM models, first from the perspective of welfare effects and then from a broader economic perspective in an attempt to ultimately show that the EU approach to RPM can be justified based on these economic models. All three models explain the situation in which RPM is used by a branded good manufacturer to create the perception of high quality, which is used either as a credible quality signal, becomes a component of the product or is used to bias the consumer decision; they thus enter the difficult terrain of consumer preference formation and of markets for the intangible components of a product.
Download or read book The Antitrust Paradox written by Robert Bork and published by . This book was released on 2021-02-22 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important book on antitrust ever written. It shows how antitrust suits adversely affect the consumer by encouraging a costly form of protection for inefficient and uncompetitive small businesses.
Download or read book Resale Price Maintenance written by Michael Kamerman and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Resale Price Maintenance written by Basil S. Yamey and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Resale Price Maintenance written by Kenneth G. Elzinga and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resale price maintenance involves agreements between manufacturers and downstream distributors that set the downstream price of the product, either at a minimum price or a maximum price. Antitrust law, until recently, condemned these vertical price arrangements as illegal per se. The Supreme Court, recognizing that maximum resale prices may enhance competition and improve consumer welfare, has held that this practice is now to be assessed under the rule of reason for its actual competitive effects. Agreements on minimum prices, however, continue to be subject to the per se rule. Economic analysis reveals the conditions under which resale price maintenance can enhance consumer welfare and where it can harmconsumerwelfare. Because there are so many circumstances in which resale pricemaintenance promotes interbrand competition, the practice should be assessed in all situations under the rule of reason, the same way in which nonprice vertical contracts are analyzed.
Download or read book Resale Price Maintenance and the Law written by Christy Kollmar and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of how to properly enforce against RPM has been a contentious debate for decades on both sides of the Atlantic. The catalyst is the acceptance that RPM can generate both anti-competitive effects and pro-competitive efficiencies that need to be properly balanced to ensure against Type I/Type II errors and to create viable legislation. Part I focuses on 100 years of US origins and the current legal approach to VR enforcement, which reveals the precedent responsible for the transition between per se illegality and the rule of reason thresholds at the federal level. Nine anti-competitive and 19 pro-competitive theoretical models are also introduced to clearly demonstrate the true nonconsensus existent between economists as to whether RPM is deleterious enough to justify a stringent approach to RPM regulation. Part II closely examines the EU origins and current legal structure, where RPM has maintained its hardcore by-object designation pursuant to Art. 101(1) TFEU with the consequence of having no safe harbours, no applicability of the De Minimus Doctrine, an onerous negative rebuttable presumption, non-severability of the agreement and almost no chance of obtaining an exemption under Art. 101(3). This is exacerbated by the EC’s lack of guidance on how to prove all conditions necessary for an Art. 101(3) exemption and when a vertical arrangement actually escapes Art. 101(1) applicability. The aim of this book is to examine the economic models, historical origins and legal structures of the US/EU regimes to develop proposals on how to modify the EU’s current legal structure to ensure proper enforcement of RPM behaviour that actually enhances legal certainty through a more aligned approach at the national level. Part III proposes five solutions which scrutinise the concepts of appreciability, hardcore and by-object restraints, to implement modifications to EU’s current legal framework to ensure RPM receives reasonable and equitable treatment in line with economic theory.
Download or read book Resale Price Fixing written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hearings written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 2228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resale Price Maintenance written by Thomas R. Overstreet and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resale price maintenance and the efficient marketing of consumer goods written by John Ryan and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Fairchild Dictionary of Retailing 2nd Edition written by Rona Ostrow and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-07-23 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition of The Fairchild Dictionary of Retailing clearly defines terms commonly used in all parts of the retail industry, from retail advertising to merchandising and displays. This comprehensive reference for students and faculty in all retailing and merchandising programs lists over 10,000 terms alphabetically with extensive cross-referencing. Global terms used in the retailing industry, including descriptions of retail market structures of countries around the world, are covered. This up-to-date reference book also includes important legislation related to the retail industry, government agencies, and merchandise marts, new terms related to the e-retailing business, extensive Internet resources, and a bibliography.
Download or read book Resale Price Maintenance written by Basil S. Yamey and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resale Price Maintenance deals with selected countries: Canada, the United States of America, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. The main emphasis is placed on two subjects, namely, the effects of resale price maintenance and its termination, where this has taken place, as disclosed in official and private investigations; and the development of public policy measures, including consideration of the problems encountered in their implementation. B. S. Yamey, in the volume, defines the major economic issues involved in resale price maintenance and presents a compendium of arguments that have been employed in the debate on resale price maintenance.Taken together, these country studies constitute a compendium of the arguments which have been deployed in debates on resale price maintenance; all the major issues and most of the minor ones are considered or at least mentioned in one or more of the studies in the course of the review of developments in public policy. An introductory chapter, by the editor, sets the scene with an analytical discussion of the major economic issues. This volume considers the historical development of the practice of resale price maintenance and its extent and scope when at its height. It also deals with resale price maintenance in the European Common Market. Dealing with the practice in the constituent countries and also as it is affected by the emerging Common Market policy towards restraint on competition, the volume focus on developments in public policy.Resale Price Maintenance carefully examines all major and many minor issues covers a wide range of trades and products that have been affected by resale price maintenance, and provides fruitful analyses of various empirical studies that have been made on the restraint and/or advancement of commerce.
Download or read book Resale Price Maintenance After Leegin written by Gregory Gundlach and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resale price maintenance (RPM) is a controversial pricing practice for managing retail distribution channels. In Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc. (2007), the Supreme Court abolished a nearly century-old per se rule against RPM established in Dr. Miles Medicine Co. v. John D. Park & Sons (1911). Henceforth, RPM will be judged under federal antitrust law by the rule of reason - a less restrictive standard that requires courts to weigh all the relevant circumstances of a case to assess whether a practice unreasonably restrains trade. Despite that the decision in Leegin leaves many unanswered questions, the decision has prompted an increasing number of consumer goods manufacturers to adopt RPM in the management of their retailer relationships. Recently, the widespread use of restrictive pricing practices in the retail distribution of contact lenses has drawn attention and elevated debate over the practice. Pending lawsuits in the industry have been identified as an important "test case" for antitrust's new vertical pricing regime following Leegin. Drawing upon relevant literatures from law, economics, and business, together with publically available information, important questions in the debate and related cases that share significance for scholarship and practice are elaborated upon and examined. We hope this examination reveals insights helpful to understanding the antitrust implications of contact lens manufacturers' pricing practices and for advancing academic knowledge, marketing practice, and competition policy involving RPM.
Download or read book Resale Price Maintenance written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee No. 3 and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Committee Serial No. 1.
