Download or read book Vehicle Level Transient Aircraft Thermal Management Modeling and Simulation written by Adam B. Donovan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many advances in technology are expected to increase the capabilities of next generation aircraft, and these advances will increase the thermal load on the aircraft as well. In order to assess and account for these increased thermal loads, three studies were performed: a fuel pump trade study, a high energy pulsed system (HEPS) implementation study, and a legacy vehicle environmental control system (ECS) study. The fuel pump study addresses the effect of the implementation of a centrifugal fuel pump versus a variable displacement fuel pump. Traditionally, aircraft designers have used a centrifugal fuel pump over a piston based pump based primarily on mass, volume, cost, and reliability. This study considers specific excess power (SEP), fuel burn and thermal margin and shows the piston based pump performing superior mainly because it eliminates fuel recirculation resulting in an increased thermal margin. This investigation demonstrates the benefit of capturing component level models and thermal concerns in the conceptual design process. Both of these issues are vital to the development of future aircraft designs. Additional research needs to be completed to compare both pumps based on the mass and volume of each system. The second study investigates the implementation of a HEPS device at an air vehicle level. HEPS generate excessive amounts of heat during operation, creating challenges in how to integrate them into an aircraft without overwhelming the vehicle’s power and thermal management systems (TMS). In order to evaluate the impact of the HEPS electrical and thermal load on the aircraft's mission, a vehicle level modeling and simulation (M&S) effort must be executed of the power and thermal management systems. To accurately evaluate the total effect on the aircraft, the HEPS must be integrated into a Tip to Tail (T2T) model of the system that includes the aircraft power and thermal management subsystems. With the HEPS system integrated into the T2T model, not only can its mass and volume effects be analyzed, but also the transient power and thermal loads created by the new system can be evaluated for their effect on other aircraft subsystems. Furthermore, the aircraft subsystems can be optimized to vehicle level metrics instead of subsystem level only. This will result in a more effective and balanced overall aircraft design. Using a T2T model to evaluate the integration of a HEPS system on an aircraft will enable assessment of its overall impact to next generation aircraft. Therefore, the significant impact of highly dynamic power and thermal loads on next generation aircraft is addressed. The third study is the implementation of an air cycle based ECS in a legacy (4th generation) air vehicle. Relatively few attempts have been made to define appropriate validation testing constructs for T2T analysis in a transient mode of operation. Current research addresses the process of validation testing using legacy aircraft systems in order to acquire relevant data that will lead to the validation of existing models, and different modeling methods. The model developed in this work will eventually be utilized in these validation efforts at a later date. To this end, an air vehicle system (AVS), turbine engine, generator, and environmental control system (ECS) have been modeled in a T2T model of the actual legacy system. In particular, this study will focus on the creation and integration of the ECS model. The ECS uses an air cycle machine, which utilizes a Brayton refrigeration cycle to cool the air to the cockpit and avionics. The ECS model will be shown to successfully cool these components while subjected to varying bleed rates from the turbine engine.
Download or read book Aircraft Thermal Management written by Mark Ahlers and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The simultaneous operation of all systems generating, moving, or removing heat on an aircraft is simulated using integrated analysis which is called Integrated Energy System Analysis (IESA) for this book. Its purpose is to understand, optimize, and validate more efficient system architectures for removing or harvesting the increasing amounts of waste heat generated in commercial and military aircraft. In the commercial aircraft industry IESA is driven by the desire to minimize airplane operating costs associated with increased system weight, power consumption, drag, and lost revenue as cargo space is devoted to expanded cooling systems. In military aircraft thermal IESA is also considered to be a key enabler for the successful implementation of the next generation jet fighter weapons systems and countermeasures. This book contains a selection of papers relevant to aircraft thermal management IESA published by SAE International. They cover both recently developed government and industry- funded thermal management IESA such as the Integrated Vehicle Energy Technology (INVENT) program, and older published papers still relevant today which address modeling approaches.
Download or read book Dynamic Modeling of Thermal Management System with Exergy Based Optimization written by Marcus J. Bracey and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: System optimization and design of aircraft is required to achieve many of the long term objectives for future aircraft platforms. To address the necessity for system optimization a vehicle-level aircraft model has been developed in a multidisciplinary modeling and simulation environment. Individual subsystem models developed exclusively in MATLAB-SimulinkTM, representing the vehicle dynamics, the propulsion, electrical power, and thermal systems, and their associated controllers, are combined to investigate the energy and thermal management issues of tactical air vehicle platforms. A thermal vehicle level tip-to-tail model allows conceptual design trade studies of various subsystems and can quantify performance gains across the aircraft. Often one of the main objectives is system efficiency for reduction in fuel use for a given mission. System efficiency can be quantified by either a 1st or 2nd law thermodynamic analysis. A 2nd law exergy analysis can provide a more robust means of accounting for all of the energy flows within and in between subsystems. These energy flows may be thermal, chemical, electrical, pneumatic, etc. Energy efficiency gains in the transient domain of the aircraft's operation provide untapped opportunities for innovation. To utilize a 2nd law analysis to quantify system efficiencies, an exergy analysis approach is taken. This work demonstrates the implementation of a transient exergy analysis for a thermal management subsystem component found on traditional aircraft platforms. The focus of this work is on the development of a dynamic air cycle machine (ACM) model and implementation of an exergy based optimization analysis. This model is utilized in tandem with a bench top ACM experimental unit at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Modeling, Simulation, Analysis and Testing (MSAT) lab. Individual elements, including compressor, turbines, heat exchangers and control valves have been combined to investigate the behavior of a typical ACM. The experimental test stand is designed and constructed to be used as a method to validate models developed. Combining the results gained from the simulation studies, specifically the exergy analysis, and the experimental setup, a methodology is formulated for system level optimization. By leveraging this approach, future simulation studies can be implemented on various system architectures to generate accurate models and predictive analysis.
Download or read book Aircraft Thermal Management written by Mark Ahlers and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2016-05-02 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aircraft thermal management (ATM) is increasingly important to the design and operation of commercial and military aircraft due to rising heat loads from expanded electronic functionality, electric systems architectures, and the greater temperature sensitivity of composite materials compared to metallic structures. It also impacts engine fuel consumption associated with removing waste heat from an aircraft. More recently the advent of more electric architectures on aircraft, such as the Boeing 787, has led to increased interest in the development of more efficient ATM architectures by the commercial airplane manufacturers. The ten papers contained in this book describe aircraft thermal management system architectures designed to minimize airplane performance impacts which could be applied to commercial or military aircraft. Additional information on Aircraft Thermal Management System Architectures is available from SAE AIR 5744 issued by the AC-9 Aircraft Environmental System Committee and the SAE book Aircraft Thermal Management Integrated Analysis (PT-178). SAE AIR 5744 defines the discipline of aircraft thermal management system engineering while Aircraft Thermal Management Integrated Analysis discusses approaches to computer simulation of the simultaneous operation of all systems affecting thermal management on an aircraft.
Download or read book Modular Methodology for Transient Vehicle Thermal Management Simulations written by Saad Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to Aircraft Thermal Management written by Mark Ahlers and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2019-04-14 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aircraft Thermal Management (ATM)focuses on how to manage heat in an aircraft to meet the temperature requirements for passengers and vehicle. This primarily involves removing heat and protecting equipment, systems, and structure from heat sources that could raise their temperature beyond design limits. Crew and passengers must be neither too hot nor too cold during airplane operations. Thus, maintaining thermal comport is critically important, and not a trivial operation. Written by Mark F. Ahlers, a retired Boeing Technical Fellow and its first Thermal Marshal, An Introduction to Aircraft Thermal Management is the ultimate source of knowledge concerning: Temperature and thermal related requirements Airplane-generated heat sources External heat sources Aircraft heat sinks Fire and Failures Environmental control systems Thermal design Analytical modeling Analytical software Testing Military aircraft thermal management Fully illustrated and amply referenced, An Introduction to Aircraft Thermal Management provides a very balanced approach between theory and practice, best practices and technical insights. It is a must-have reference for both young engineers starting in the filed and for seasoned professionals willing to re-sharpen their skills.
Download or read book Development of a Combined Thermal Management and Power Generation System Using a Multi Mode Rankine Cycle written by Nathaniel M. Payne and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two sub-systems that present a significant challenge in the development of highperformance air vehicle exceeding speeds of Mach 5 are the power generation and thermal management sub-systems. The air friction experienced at high speeds, particularly around the engine, generates large thermal loads that need to be managed. In addition, traditional jet engines do not operate at speeds greater than Mach 3, therefore eliminating the possibility of a rotating power generator. A multi-mode water-based Rankine cycle is an innovative method to address both of these constraints of generating power and providing cooling. Implementing a Rankine cycle-based system allows for the waste heat from the vehicle to be used to meet the onboard power requirements. This application of a Rankine cycle differs from standard power plant applications because the transient system dynamics become important due to rapid changes in thermal loads and electrical power requirements. Both an experimental and computational investigation is presented. An experimental steady state energy balance was used to determine a 5.1% and 11.5% thermal and Second Law efficiency, respectively. Transient testing showed an increase in power generation of 283% in 30.5 seconds when starting from idle, with a steady state power generation of 230 W. In addition to the power generation, the experimental system removed 10.7 kW from the hot oil loop which emulates a typical aircraft cooling fluid. Experimental results were used in the development of dynamic computational models using OpenModelica, an opensource modeling tool. Deviation between model and experimental results was within 5% for component models and 3.5% when analyzing the system energy balance. Testing of the vehicle level model included steady state, transient, and simulated mission, which was used to characterize performance and develop the system controls. During transient testing, the system controls demonstrated the ability to meet both the cooling and power requirements of the system through rapid response times and minimal temperature overshoot (2.72%). The development and testing of this model provides an opportunity for scaling and optimization of a combined power and thermal management system across a wide range of vehicle sizes and operating conditions.
Download or read book Integrated Modeling and Optimization of Hybrid Electric Aircraft Power and Thermal Management Systems written by Andrew Iezzi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis proposes a multi-disciplinary optimization framework for the design of aircraft electro-thermal energy systems. In this framework, components are modeled using a method called graph-based modeling. Graph-based modeling utilizes the principle of transient conservation of energy to model the states of a control volume. With this modeling structure, an energy system's state equations can be expressed in terms of transient conservation of energy and these equations can be combined into a set of compact matrix equations. This compact representation of energy systems allows multiple energy domains to be coupled and simulated together with one set of modeling equations. Graph-based modeling also allows easy access to the network structure of the system. This modeling approach is employed within an optimal control formulation to optimize both system-level design parameters and open-loop control trajectories. In total, this framework will allow for multi-disciplinary modeling and design of aircraft energy systems. Case studies for a series hybrid-electric aircraft architecture demonstrate how key parameters of the electrical system, such as battery capacity, can be designed together with the associated thermal management systems for a representative transient flight.
Download or read book A Thermal Management Systems Model for the NASA GTX RBCC Concept written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aircraft Vehicle Systems Modeling and Simulation Under Uncertainty written by Sören Steinkellner and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aircraft Thermal Mnagement Using Liquefied Natural Gas written by Sean Robert Nuzum and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many technological advances are expected to increase the capabilities of the future aircraft, both civilian and military. These improvements come in many forms such as new wing or fuselage shapes to improve lift or decrease drag. Other improvements are internal. One of these areas is the inclusion of advanced electronic systems for various roles. These changes affect a wide range of aircraft systems including, but not limited to avionics, power generation and thermal management. While these modifications promise to increase aircraft capabilities such as its range, payload or other key performance parameters, there are some significant drawbacks. One drawback is the thermal and power requirements needed to meet these needs. This problem will only be amplified by the addition of a High Energy Pulsed System (HEPS). This improvement, along with existing electronic systems that could be featured on next generation aircraft could cause a significant thermal load on an aircraft, where heat dissipation is already a problem. HEPS of this sort generate excessive amounts of heat during operation, creating an aircraft integration problem that might overwhelm the vehicles thermal management systems. Using the innovative solution of cryogenically cooling the HEPS, the proposed system would use Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as the system’s primary coolant. In order to accomplish this, preliminary studies were carried out which indicated that the cryogenic cooling system for a HEPS could possibly be of a reasonable size for an aircraft application. Following this, detailed MatLab/Simulink models were made of the required cryogenic components so that they could be integrated into a T2T model to analyze the vehicle level effects of the LNG system. An initial aircraft integrated LNG HEPS system was designed and the results showed the HEPS was cooled and the rest of the aircraft also received a cooling effect. Further studies have enhanced that effect and attempted to accomplish the same cooling capability as the baseline aircraft, while using the LNG more efficiently. These studies show that LNG is indeed capable of thermally managing the entire aircraft effectively with a reasonable amount of LNG. Additionally, the designed architecture that cooled the entire aircraft with LNG showed that it could cope with the anticipated increase in thermal demands over time by simply adding additional LNG capacity. Finally, an architecture was designed that would take full advantage of LNG as a fuel. This palletized system uses the LNG to fuel a micro gas-turbine which in turn provides electricity to the HEPS and other systems directly connected to the LNG system. This proposed architecture is a good platform to investigate the transient concerns of startup, shutdown and other operating points of the system for various missions. In summary, LNG has shown itself to be an effective coolant and a distinct possibility as a solution to rapidly increasing power and thermal demands aboard aircraft, which deserves further in depth experimentation and study to develop a viable system.
Download or read book Aircraft Thermal Management System Engineering written by AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intent of this report is to encourage that the thermal management system architecture be designed from a global platform perspective. Separate procurements for air vehicle, propulsion system, and avionics have contributed to the development of aircraft that are sub-optimized from a thermal management viewpoint. In order to maximize the capabilities of the aircraft for mission performance and desired growth capability, overall system efficiency and effectiveness should be considered. This document provides general information about aircraft Thermal Management System Engineering (TMSE). The document also discusses approaches to processes and methodologies for validation and verification of thermal management system engineering.Thermal integration between the air vehicle, propulsion system, and avionics can be particularly important from a thermal management standpoint. Due to these factors, this report is written to encourage the development of a more comprehensive system engineering approach to help eliminate and/or reduce mission limitations as a result of materials and components nearing temperature limits. This SAE Aerospace Information Report is intended to provide reference and background information pertaining to Aircraft Thermal Management System Engineering. This AIR will provide a standard definition for the subject area and provide critical insight to the requirements engineering activities required for execution.This document provides guidance encouraging platform design and procurement be pursued from a system level perspective to optimize the capabilities of aircraft for mission performance and vehicle operational goals with thermal management as an objective.
Download or read book Dynamic Thermal Modeling and Simulation Framework written by Michael Stephen Pierce and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In looking to the future of naval warfare, the US Navy has committed itself to development of future classes of an All-Electric Ship (AES) that will incorporate significant technological advancements in the areas of power management, advanced sensor equipment and weaponry, reconfigurability, and survivability systems while simultaneously increasing overall system efficiencies and decreasing the operational costs of the future naval fleet. As part of the consortium responsible for investigating the viability of numerous next-generation technologies, the University of Texas at Austin is dedicated to providing the capabilities and tools to better address thermal management issues aboard the future AES. Research efforts at the University of Texas in Austin have focused on the development of physics-based, dynamic models of components and subsystems that simulate notional future AES, system-level, thermal architectures. This research has resulted in the development of an in-house thermal management tool, known as the Dynamic Thermal Modeling and Simulation (DTMS) Framework. The work presented herein has sought to increase the modeling capabilities of the DTMS Framework and provide valuable tools to aid both developers and users of this simulation environment. Using numerical approximations of complex physical behaviors, the scope of the DTMS Framework has been expanded beyond elements of thermal-fluid behaviors to capture the dynamic, transient nature of far broader, more complex architectures containing interconnected thermal-mechanical-electrical components. Sophisticated interfacial systems have also been developed that allow integration of the DTMS Framework with external software products that improve and enhance the user experience. Developmental tools addressing customizable presentation of simulation data, debugging systems that aid in introduction of new features into the existing framework, and error-reporting mechanisms to ease the process of utilizing the power of the simulation environment have been added to improve the applicability and accessibility of the DTMS Framework. Finally, initial efforts in collaboration with Mississippi State University are presented that provide a graphical user interface for the DTMS Framework and thus provide far more insight into the complex interactions of numerous shipboard systems than would ever be possible using raw numerical data.
Download or read book An Introduction to Aircraft Thermal Management written by Mark Ahlers and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aircraft thermal management (ATM) focuses on how to manage heat in an aircraft to meet the temperature requirements for passengers and vehicle. This primarily involves removing heat and protecting equipment, systems, and structure from heat sources that could raise their temperature beyond design limits. Crew and passengers must be neither too hot nor too cold during airplane operations. Thus, maintaining thermal comport is critically important, and not a trivial operation.
Download or read book An Integrated Modeling Approach for Hypersonic Aircraft Thermal Management written by A. T. Wassel and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vehicle Thermal Management Simulation at TARDEC written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vehicle thermal analysis plays an important role at TARDEC * There are two major areas of interest * Interior cooling * Predicting potential failure of electronic components * Sizing HVAC capacity * Determining Crew effectiveness/comfort * Underhood/Engine thermal analysis * Predicting vehicle performance at high ambient temperatures * Determining fan/cooling system size * There are challenges * Obtaining reasonable performance data for system components * Obtaining CAD Data * CAD Cleanup for thermal model vs. CFD model.
Download or read book Proceedings of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference written by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and published by AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics). This book was released on 1997 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics for the 1997 conference on modelling and simulation technologies included: motion systems; rotor-craft and air cushion vehicle dynamics and modelling; pilot training and low-cost simulation; weapons and engagement modelling and simulation; simulator network and information technologies; visual, radarf and environmental modelling and simulation; test and evaluation; space systems; simulator fidelity; aircraft dynamics, modelling and performance; simulator development and software re-use; human factors; and research and test facilities.
