Download or read book VAT Income Distribution and Tax Incidence written by Charles E. McLure and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper describes the problems encountered in appraising the incidence of a tax, in particular, that of the VAT. The futility of attempting to evaluate the incidence of entire tax systems is outlined: limitations on data and severe conceptu~l and methodological problems render the answers obtained quite unreliable. The results of studies of tax incidence that express tax burdens as effective tax rates can be no bettEr than the incidence assumptions and data underlying them.
Download or read book An Alternative View of Tax Incidence Analysis for Developing Countries written by Anwar Shah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: points raised here.
Download or read book The Price and Welfare Effects of The Value Added Tax Evidence from Mexico written by Rodrigo Mariscal and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we analyze the incidence of the VAT and its effects on the income distribution. To identify these effects, we rely on two tax reforms undertaken in Mexico that increased the VAT rate for a group of cities and left the rest unaffected. We compare the inflation rate of the affected cities with the exempted cities before and after the law changed. We find that the effect on prices is limited and conclude that the burden of the tax is indeed shared between producers and consumers. Regarding welfare, we find that the VAT is progressive in both absolute and relative terms to the overall expenditure. Finally, we show that an identical change in the VAT rate when inflation is high and persistent doubles its pass-through to inflation and its welfare loss for the average household.
Download or read book The Impact of Consumption Taxes at Different Income Levels written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Committee on Fiscal Affairs and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : available from OECD Publications and Information Center. This book was released on 1981 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examination of the distributional aspects of the taxation of purchases of goods and services for consumption (tax on value added and excises) in Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and the UK.
Download or read book Value Added Taxation in Developing Countries written by Malcolm Gillis and published by . This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Distributional Impact of Taxes and Transfers written by Gabriela Inchauste and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Bank has partnered with the Commitment to Equity Institute at Tulane University to implement their diagnostic tool—the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Assessment—designed to assess how taxation and public expenditures affect income inequality, poverty, and different economic groups. The approach relies on comprehensive fiscal incidence analysis, which measures the contribution of each individual intervention to poverty and inequality reduction as well as the combined impact of taxes and social spending. The CEQ Assessment provide an evidence base upon which alternative reform options can be analyzed. The use of a common methodology makes the results comparable across countries. This volume presents eight country studies that examine the distributional effects of individual programs and policy measures—and the net effect of each country’s mix of policies and programs. These case studies were produced in the context of Bank policy dialogue and have since been used to propose alternative reform options.
Download or read book Estimating VAT Pass Through written by Ms.Dora Benedek and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-09-30 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the pass through of VAT changes to consumer prices, using a unique dataset providing disaggregated, monthly data on prices and VAT rates for 17 Eurozone countries over 1999-2013. Pass through is much less than full on average, and differs markedly across types of VAT change. For changes in the standard rate, for instance, final pass through is about 100 percent; for reduced rates it is significantly less, at around 30 percent; and for reclassifications it is essentially zero. We also find: differing dynamics of pass through for durables and non-durables; no significant difference in pass through between rate increases and decreases; signs of non-monotonicity in the relationship between pass through and the breadth of the consumption base affected; and indications of significant anticipation effects together with some evidence of lagged effects in the two years around reform. The results are robust against endogeneity and attenuation bias.
Download or read book The VAT Reader written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Incidence of VAT Evasion written by Zareh Asatryan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who benefits from the evasion of value added taxes (VAT)? Using a reform that enforced VAT on previously non-compliant large retailers in Armenia, we estimate a onethird passthrough of the tax burden on prices. This suggests that pre-enforcement evasion rents were broadly shared with consumers through lower prices. Our theoretical and empirical results explain this low passthrough rate by the supply-chain effects and second-order compliance responses of firms to VAT enforcement. Our distributional analysis shows that households at the bottom of the income distribution benefit more from the rents of evasion.
Download or read book Equity and Fiscal Policy written by Ivanna Vladkova Hollar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-05-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does fiscal policy fare in improving the underlying income distribution in Central America? We integrate the data from a number of existing tax and public expenditure studies for the countries in the region and find that the distributional effect of taxation is regressive but small. In contrast, the redistributive impact of social spending is large and progressive, leading to a progressive net redistributive effect in all countries of the region. We also show that raising tax revenues and devoting the proceeds to social spending would unambiguously improve the income of the poorest households.
Download or read book Lessons from Value added Taxation for Developing Countries written by Malcolm Gillis and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Incidence of Vat Enforcement written by Zareh Asatryan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who bears the costs of tax enforcement? Using a reform enforcing value added tax (VAT) on previously non-compliant large retailers in Armenia, we estimate that only one-third of the enforcement burden was passed onto consumers through higher prices. In contrast, we show that the incidence of consumption tax rate changes is close to unity in a brief meta-analysis of the existing literature. Our theoretical and empirical analysis points to several mechanisms that explain this undershifting result. Our distributional exercise using household consumption diaries suggests that the incidence of enforcement is regressive along the income distribution of households.
Download or read book Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Rate and Base Changes Evidence from Fiscal Consolidations written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the macroeconomic effects of tax changes during fiscal consolidations. We build a new narrative dataset of tax changes during fiscal consolidation years, containing detailed information on the expected revenue impact, motivation, and announcement and implementation dates of nearly 2,500 tax measures across 10 OECD countries. We analyze the macroeconomic impact of tax changes, distinguishing between tax rate and tax base changes, and further separating between changes in personal income, corporate income, and value added tax. Our results suggest that base broadening during fiscal consolidations leads to smaller output and employment declines compared to rate hikes, even when distinguishing between tax types.
Download or read book Fiscal Policy and Income Inequality written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-07-03 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NULL
Download or read book Tax Policy Allocation of Taxes Within the Life Insurance Industry written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Impact of a Tax Reform written by Stanley Sang-Wook Cho and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-11-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an assessment of the poverty and social impact of replacing Ethiopia's sales tax with a value-added tax (VAT). The results indicate that this reform has not had a major adverse effect on the poorest 40 percent of the population. The VAT is progressive in its incidence, and the higher revenues brought about by the VAT can provide additional funds for poverty-reducing spending, including primary education. At the same time, there is significant scope for making education spending more pro-poor by increasing the access of low-income households to schools.
Download or read book Taxes and Income Distribution in Chile written by Eduardo Engel and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper quantifies the direct impact of taxes on income distribution at the household level in Chile and estimates the distributional effect of several changes in the tax structure. We find that income distributions before and after taxes are very similar (Gini coefficients of 0.448 and 0.496, respectively). Moreover, radical modifications of the tax structure, such as raising the value added tax from 18 to 25% or substituting a 20% flat tax for the present progressive income tax affect the after-tax distribution only slightly. We present some arithmetic showing that the scope for direct income redistribution through progressivity of the tax system is rather limited. By contrast, for parameter values observed in Chile, and possibly in most developing countries, the targeting of expenditures and the level of the average tax rate are far more important determinants of income distribution after government transfers. Thus, a high-yield proportional tax can have a far bigger equalizing impact than a low-yield progressive tax. Moreover, a simple model shows that the optimal tax system is biased against progressive taxes and towards proportional taxes, with a bias that grows with the degree of inequality of pre-tax incomes.
