Download or read book Valuation in Welfare Markets written by Linus Johansson Krafve and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-13 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis takes an interest in how values attain a specific meaning in market reforms of welfare provision. The study builds on exploring how values are enacted rather than treating them as universal and stable. The aim of the thesis is to contribute conceptually to the understanding of how market-making activities in the welfare state bureaucracy handle the values at play in welfare reform. The empirical case is the governance of a so-called care choice system in a Swedish county council. The methodology for the study is “shadowing” of public officials working to formulate a so-called rulebook for care centres. The analysis describes how these officials handle a variety of values when designing the rulebook. How they choose to organize their work – the methods used to collect data about care centre performance, what governance tools they employ, how they arrange their work roles, and how they construct the rulebook – leads to value shifts and determines the meaning of values in practice. The officials’ work practice is political in the sense that it actively shapes the values enacted in the care choice reform. Therefore, it is of great importance to spur a broader debate about the organization of such governance practices, while there is a need to problematize simplistic images of what market reforms of welfare entails in practice. The thesis proposes that an “ecological” – i.e. a situated, reflexive, and malleable – approach to handling of contending values may contribute to such debates.
Download or read book A Primer on Nonmarket Valuation written by Patricia A. Champ and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a practical book with clear descriptions of the most commonly used nonmarket methods. The first chapters of the book provide the context and theoretical foundation of nonmarket valuation along with a discussion of data collection procedures. The middle chapters describe the major stated- and revealed-preference valuation methods. For each method, the steps involved in implementation are laid out and carefully explained with supporting references from the published literature. The final chapters of the book examine the relevance of experimentation to economic valuation, the transfer of existing nonmarket values to new settings, and assessments of the reliability and validity of nonmarket values. The book is relevant to individuals in many professions at all career levels. Professionals in government agencies, attorneys involved with natural resource damage assessments, graduate students, and others will appreciate the thorough descriptions of how to design, implement, and analyze a nonmarket valuation study.
Download or read book Perspectives on Biodiversity written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-01 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resource-management decisions, especially in the area of protecting and maintaining biodiversity, are usually incremental, limited in time by the ability to forecast conditions and human needs, and the result of tradeoffs between conservation and other management goals. The individual decisions may not have a major effect but can have a cumulative major effect. Perspectives on Biodiversity reviews current understanding of the value of biodiversity and the methods that are useful in assessing that value in particular circumstances. It recommends and details a list of components-including diversity of species, genetic variability within and among species, distribution of species across the ecosystem, the aesthetic satisfaction derived from diversity, and the duty to preserve and protect biodiversity. The book also recommends that more information about the role of biodiversity in sustaining natural resources be gathered and summarized in ways useful to managers. Acknowledging that decisions about biodiversity are necessarily qualitative and change over time because of the nonmarket nature of so many of the values, the committee recommends periodic reviews of management decisions.
Download or read book Using Surveys to Value Public Goods written by Robert Cameron Mitchell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists and others have long believed that by balancing the costs of such public goods as air quality and wilderness areas against their benefits, informed policy choices can be made. But the problem of putting a dollar value on cleaner air or water and other goods not sold in the marketplace has been a major stumbling block. Mitchell and Carson, for reasons presented in this book, argue that at this time the contingent valuation (CV) method offers the most promising approach for determining public willingness to pay for many public goods---an approach likely to succeed, if used carefully, where other methods may fail. The result of ten years of research by the authors aimed at assessing how surveys might best be used to value public goods validly and reliably, this book makes a major contribution to what constitutes best practice in CV surveys. Mitchell and Carson begin by introducing the contingent valuation method, describing how it works and the nature of the benefits it can be used to measure, comparing it to other methods for measuring benefits, and examining the data-gathering technique on which it is based---survey research. Placing contingent valuation in the larger context of welfare theory, the authors examine how the CV method impels a deeper understanding of willingness-to-pay versus willingness-to-accept compensation measures, the possibility of existence values for public goods, the role of uncertainty in benefit valuation, and the question of whether a consumer goods market or a political goods market (referenda) should be emulated. In developing a CV methodology, the authors deal with issues of broader significance to survey research. Their model of respondent error is relevant to current efforts to frame a theory of response behavior and bias typology will interest those considering the cognitive aspects of answering survey questions. Mitchell and Carson conclude that the contingent valuation method can obtain valid valuation information on public goods, but only if the method is applied in a way that addresses the potential sources of error and bias. They end their book by providing guidelines for CV practitioners, a list of questions that should be asked by any decision maker who wishes to use the findings of a CV study, and suggestions for new applications of contingent valuation. Additional features include a comprehensive bibliography of the CV literature and an appendix summarizing more than 100 CV studies.
Download or read book Social Efficiency written by Peter Bohm and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UK. Textbook on the economic theory of welfare economics and cost benefit analysis - explains the meaning of social efficiency, and covers resource allocation and the need for allocation policy, the relations between efficiency and economic policy for stabilization and income distribution purposes, the cost benefit criterion for public investment, etc. Diagrams and references.
Download or read book Valuing Ecosystem Services written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-05-14 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient recycling, habitat for plants and animals, flood control, and water supply are among the many beneficial services provided by aquatic ecosystems. In making decisions about human activities, such as draining a wetland for a housing development, it is essential to consider both the value of the development and the value of the ecosystem services that could be lost. Despite a growing recognition of the importance of ecosystem services, their value is often overlooked in environmental decision-making. This report identifies methods for assigning economic value to ecosystem servicesâ€"even intangible onesâ€"and calls for greater collaboration between ecologists and economists in such efforts.
Download or read book Welfare Measurement in Imperfect Markets written by Thomas Aronsson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A completely rewritten update of: Welfare measurement, sustainability, and green national accounting / Thomas Aronsson, Per-Olov Johansson, Karl-Gustaf L'ofgren. c1997.
Download or read book Valuing Environmental Preferences written by Ian Bateman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The questionnaire-based Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) asks people what would they be willing to pay for an environmental good or attribute, or willing to accept for its loss. These papers consider the real value of such surveys.
Download or read book Using Surveys to Value Public Goods The Contingent Valuation Method written by R. Cameron Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The result of ten years of research by the authors aimed at assessing how surveys might best be used to value public goods validly and reliably, this book makes a major contribution to what constitutes best practice in CV surveys. The authors begin by introducing the contingent valuation method, describing how it works and the nature of the benefits it can be used to measure, comparing it to other methods for measuring benefits, and examining the datagathering technique on which it is based - survey research. Placing contingent valuation in the larger context of welfare theory, the authors examine how the CV method impels a deeper understanding of willingness-to-pay versus willingness-to-accept compensation measures, the possibility of existence values for public goods, the role of uncertainty in benefit valuation, and the question of whether a consumer goods market or a political goods market (referenda) should be emulated.
Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Economics written by Karl-Goran Maler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-05-20 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Environmental Economics focuses on the economics of environmental externalities and environmental public goods. Volume I examines environmental degradation and policy responses from a microeconomic, institutional standpoint. Its perspective is dynamic, including a consideration of the dynamics of natural systems, and global, with attention paid to issues in both rich and poor nations. In addition to chapters on well-established topics such as the theory and practice of pollution regulation, it includes chapters on new areas of environmental economics research related to common property management regimes; population and poverty; mechanism design; political economy of regulation; experimental evaluations of policy instruments; and technological change.
Download or read book The Contingent Valuation Method as a policy instrument written by Friedrich Ansgar Drywa and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-02-14 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,3, Erasmus University Rotterdam, language: English, abstract: When David Throsby undertook his first application of a Contingent Valuation Method to the Arts in 1983 he did it to discuss the assumption that the arts were a case of market failure. But what makes the Arts to an example of market failure and how far could this particular method of research be used to overcome it? Throughout this essay I will shortly summarize some of those aspects of market failure that can be applied to art markets emphasising the necessity to know the collective willingness to pay and willingness to accept of all parties involved in a particular market. On that general basis I shall discuss the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) under the perspective of its usefulness to a policy decision maker, who is trying to prevent market failure from developing into governmental failure. I will point out, that CVM can provide a collective willingness to pay or willingness to accept as one of the main indicators for a failure within markets of the Arts in general. It is understood that applying the whole theory of market failure to the arts surely would go beyond the scope of this very essay. I therefore will concentrate on those aspects of market failure theory that may show the strengths and limitations of CVM and that may have an impact on public cultural policy.
Download or read book The Valuation of Individual Opportunity Cost of Social Welfare written by Elvio Accinelli and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the impact of a correct valuation of the opportunity costs in individual decisions and social welfare applied to a tourism problem. Starting from the partial equilibrium model in Skak (2004), we show that the valuation of social welfare depends on the definition of individual opportunity costs. In particular we show that if the labor income is introduced in the valuation of the opportunity cost of the owners, then a free market of vacation homes is the best mechanism to obtain the maximum social welfare. We conclude that the best public policy is to eliminate all restrictions to the vacation homes markets.
Download or read book The Measurement of Environmental and Resource Values written by A. Myrick Freeman and published by Resources for the Future. This book was released on 2003 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-market valuation is becoming increasingly accepted as an evaluative tool of economics related to environmental and resource protection. Freeman (economics, Bowdoin College) presents an overview of the literature, introducing the principal methods and techniques of resource valuation. Chapters cover the measurement of welfare changes, revealed and stated preference models, nonuse models, aggregation of values across time, environmental quality as factor input, longevity and health valuation, property value models, hedonic wage models, and recreational uses of natural resource systems. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Download or read book Valuing Environmental and Natural Resources written by Timothy C. Haab and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-market valuation has become a broadly accepted and widely practiced means of measuring the economic values of the environment and natural resources. In this book, the authors provide a guide to the statistical and econometric practices that economists employ in estimating non-market values. The authors develop the econometric models that underlie the basic methods: contingent valuation, travel cost models, random utility models and hedonic models. They analyze the measurement of non-market values as a procedure with two steps: the estimation of parameters of demand and preference functions and the calculation of benefits from the estimated models. Each of the models is carefully developed from the preference function to the behavioral or response function that researchers observe. The models are then illustrated with datasets that characterize the kinds of data researchers typically deal with. The real world data and clarity of writing in this book will appeal to environmental economists, students, researchers and practitioners in multilateral banks and government agencies.
Download or read book The Economic Valuation of the Environment and Public Policy written by Noboru Hidano and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic Valuation of the Environment and Public Policy fills an important gap in economic literature by providing a comprehensive account of hedonic pricing and its use in valuation of environmental amenities. . . . It should be invaluable to anyone contemplating undertaking a hedonic pricing study of an environmental amenity, as it contains practical advice on a myriad of modeling issues. Likewise, it should be of value to anyone wishing to thoroughly understand and critique the results of a hedonic pricing exercise. Richard T. Carson, Environment I appreciate this book s blend between theory and applications. It contains an informative review of the development of the theory of the hedonic price technique as well as an insightful analysis of the econometrics of the approach. Noboru Hidano has a gift for breaking down the difficult theoretical and econometric problems into simple and manageable proportions. Per-Olov Johansson, Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden The importance of the hedonic valuation approach in public policy evaluation and environmental value estimation is now widely accepted. This book is especially designed to illustrate the basic assumptions of the hedonic approach and highlight the strengths and weaknesses associated with it. Combining rigorous theoretical analysis, detailed empirical studies and an extensive history of hedonic valuation, the book is both a good introductory text to the field and a precise yet comprehensive aid for professionals and practitioners alike. Some of the book s special features include: a comprehensive explanation of the basic theorem extensive discussions on the utility of the approach in the evaluation of both small-scale and large-scale projects detailed explanations of how the approach can best be applied to cost benefit analysis an examination of the applicability of the hedonic method by comparing estimated values for various environmental and public services an illustration of public policy and environmental valuation using readily-understood examples. The Economic Valuation of the Environment and Public Policy will be essential reading for students of environmental and ecological economics, environmental science and technology specialists, and all those who are interested in the evaluation of public sector projects.
Download or read book An Introduction to Nonmarket Valuation as a Tool for Assessing Public Policy written by John Clark Bergstrom and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimating Economic Values for Nature written by Vincent Kerry Smith and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the New Horizons in Environmental Economics series, this text focuses on estimating economic values for nature. The volume presents a collection of papers prepared over 25 years, dealing with the theory and practice of non-market valuation for environmental resources. Taken together, the papers explore the conceptual basis, the implementation process and empirical performance of all available methods. These essays describe what has been learnt from past benefit analysis, using meta-analysis, as well as the issues at the frontiers of current research in the area.
