Download or read book Vadose Zone Microbial Community Structure and Activity in Metal written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final technical report describes the research carried out during the final two months of the no-cost extension ending 11/14/01. The primary goals of the project were (1) to determine the potential for transformation of Cr(VI) (oxidized, mobile) to Cr(III) (reduced, immobile) under unsaturated conditions as a function of different levels and combinations of (a) chromium, (b) nitrate (co-disposed with Cr), and (c) molasses (inexpensive bioremediation substrate), and (2) to determine population structure and activity in experimental treatments by characterization of the microbial community by signature biomarker analysis and by RT-PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. It was determined early in the one-year no-cost extension period that the T-RFLP approach was problematic in regard to providing information on the identities of microorganisms in the samples examined. As a result, it could not provide the detailed information on microbial community structure that was needed to assess the effects of treatments with chromium, nitrate, and/or molasses. Therefore, we decided to obtain the desired information by amplifying (using TR-PCR, with the same primers used for T-RFLP) and cloning 16S rRNA gene sequences from the same RNA extracts that were used for T-RFLP analysis. We also decided to use a restriction enzyme digest procedure (fingerprinting procedure) to place the clones into types. The primary focus of the research carried out during this report period was twofold: (a) to complete the sequencing of the clones, and (b) to analyze the clone sequences phylogenetically in order to determine the relatedness of the bacteria detected in the samples to each other and to previously described genera and species.

Download or read book Vadose Zone Microbial Community Structure and Activity in Metal radionuclide Contaminated Sediments Final Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final technical report describes the research carried out during the final two months of the no-cost extension ending 11/14/01. The primary goals of the project were (1) to determine the potential for transformation of Cr(VI) (oxidized, mobile) to Cr(III) (reduced, immobile) under unsaturated conditions as a function of different levels and combinations of (a) chromium, (b) nitrate (co-disposed with Cr), and (c) molasses (inexpensive bioremediation substrate), and (2) to determine population structure and activity in experimental treatments by characterization of the microbial community by signature biomarker analysis and by RT-PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. It was determined early in the one-year no-cost extension period that the T-RFLP approach was problematic in regard to providing information on the identities of microorganisms in the samples examined. As a result, it could not provide the detailed information on microbial community structure that was needed to assess the effects of treatments with chromium, nitrate, and/or molasses. Therefore, we decided to obtain the desired information by amplifying (using TR-PCR, with the same primers used for T-RFLP) and cloning 16S rRNA gene sequences from the same RNA extracts that were used for T-RFLP analysis. We also decided to use a restriction enzyme digest procedure (fingerprinting procedure) to place the clones into types. The primary focus of the research carried out during this report period was twofold: (a) to complete the sequencing of the clones, and (b) to analyze the clone sequences phylogenetically in order to determine the relatedness of the bacteria detected in the samples to each other and to previously described genera and species.

Download or read book Microbial Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil Vadose Zone Groundwater Habitats written by Zifang Chi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-11-29 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil Vadose Zone Groundwater Habitats volume II written by Zifang Chi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-09-23 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the success of Volume I of this Research Topic, and how rapidly the subject area is evolving, we are pleased to announce the launch of Microbial Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil-Vadose Zone-Groundwater Habitats, Volume II. You can check Volume I here: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/37506/microbial-ecological-and-biogeochemical-processes-in-the-soil-vadose-zone-groundwater-habitats Microorganisms regulate biogeochemical cycles and serve various functions within the soil, vadose zone, and groundwater habitats. Microbial communities are sensitive to environmental changes and can respond to them rapidly. The composition and function of these microorganisms in different habitats can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, which affect biochemical processes and ecosystem functions. Therefore, to develop a healthy-stable-sustainable ecosystem, this research topic focuses on microbial ecological and biogeochemical processes in the soil-vadose zone-groundwater habitat.

Download or read book The Utilization of Bioremediation to Reduce Soil Contamination Problems and Solutions written by Václav Sasek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional reliance on chemical analysis to understand the direction and extent of treatment in a bioremediation process has been found to be inadequate. Whereas the goal of bioremediation is toxicity reduction, few direct, reliable measures of this process are as yet available. Another area of intense discussion is the assessment of market forces contributing to the acceptability of bioremediation. Finally, another important component is a series of lectures and lively exchanges devoted to practical applications of different bioremediation technologies. The range of subjects covers a wide spectrum, encompassing emerging technologies as well as actual, full-scale operations. Examples discussed include landfarming, biopiling, composting, phytoremediation and mycoremediation. Each technology is explored for its utility and capability to provide desired treatment goals. Advantages and limitations of each technology are discussed. The concept of natural attenuation is also critically evaluated since in some cases where time to remediation is not a significant factor, it may be an alternative to active bioremediation operations.

Download or read book 108 2 Hearings Department of Defense Appropriations For 2001 Part 3 February 16 2000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1046 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Metal Effects on Freshwater Microbial Community Composition Structure and Function in an Urban Stream written by Alescia Roberto and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In urban streams, contaminants such as antibiotics, ARGs, nutrients, and metals, co-occur with anthropogenic activities. These toxicants can have a profound effect on microbial community composition, which may, in turn, affect microbial community function. Such results suggest that the composition and function of microbial communities are consequences of their response to environmental stimuli. However, the differing physiological responses of microorganisms to environmental stressors suggests that community structure may be an important factor driving the community's functional responses to avoid or reduce the effects associated with physiochemical changes in the environment. With the projected increase in concurrent environmental stressors associated with the anthropogenic activity, there is a need to understand how microbial communities respond to compounded stressors. The overarching question for my dissertation is: how does chemical stress (in the form of heavy metals) interact with other environmental factors (including hydrologic conditions and nutrients) to impact microbial community structure and function in streams? To address this question, I utilized a combination of trait-based molecular approaches in tandem with biological and chemical field measurements and laboratory experiments. I looked at how microbial, specifically bacterial and diatom, community composition, structure, and function were affected by different stresses that are found within urban streams.

Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2000-12 with total page 1502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Department of Defense Appropriations for 2001 Readiness of United States forces written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Foreign Operations Export Financing and Related Programs Appropriations for 2001 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Department of Defense appropriations for 2001 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1026 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Microbial Community Structures and Functions in Heavy Metal contaminated Soils Using Molecular Methods written by Fabienne Gremion and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Activity and Community Structure of a Soil After Heavy Metal Contamination in a Model Forest Ecosystem written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Soil Heavy Metal Contamination and Remediation on the Size Activity and Structure of Soil Microbial Communities written by John Joseph Kelly and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 107 2 Hearings Energy and Water Development Appropriations For 2003 Part 4 2002 written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Spatial Distribution of Microbes in the Environment written by Rima Franklin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-04 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights recent advances that have contributed to our understanding of spatial patterns and scale issues in microbial ecology. The book brings together research conducted at a range of spatial scales (from μm to km) and in a variety of different types of environments. These topics are addressed in a quantitative manner, and a primer on statistical methods is included. In soil ecosystems, both bacteria and fungi are discussed.

Download or read book Ecological Interactions Between Metals and Microbes that Impact Bioremediation written by Allan Konopka and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distinct microbial communities had been found in contaminated soils that varied in their concentrations of Pb, Cr and aromatic compounds. It is difficult to distinguish between their effects as their presence is highly correlated. Microcosms were constructed in which either Pb{sup +2} or CrO{sub 4}{sup -2} was added at levels that produced acute modest or severe acute effects (50 or 90% reduction). We previously reported on changes in microbial activity and broad patterns of Bacterial community composition. These results showed that addition of an organic energy source selected for a relatively small number of phylotypes and the addition of Pb or Cr(VI) modulated the community response. We sequenced dominant phylotypes from microcosms amended with xylene and Cr(VI) and from those with the simple addition of glucose only. In both cases, the dominant selected phylotypes were diverse. We found a number of distinct Arthrobacter strains, as well as several Pseudomonas spp. In addition, the high GC-content bands belonged to members of the genera Nocardioides and Rhodococcus. The focus of amended microcosm work has now shifted to anaerobic processes. The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) as a detoxification mechanism is of greater interest, as is the specific role of particular physiological groups of anaerobes in mediating Cr(VI) detoxification. The correlation between microbial activity, community structure, and metal level has been analyzed on 150 mg of soil collected at spatial scales