Download or read book Vaccinia Virus DNA Replication written by Dennis M. Lambert and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-04-30 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared that smallpox had been eradicated. In 1986, WHO's international Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopox Virus Infections unanimously recommended destruction of the two remaining official stocks of variola virus, one at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the other at the VECTOR laboratory in Siberia. In June 1999, WHO decided to delay the destruction of these stocks. Informing that decision was Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus, which examines: Whether the sequenced variola genome, vaccinia, and monkey pox virus are adequate for future research or whether the live variola virus itself is needed to assist in the development of antiviral therapies. What further benefits, if any, would likely be gained through the use of variola in research and development efforts related to agent detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. What unique potential benefits, if any, the study of variola would have in increasing our fundamental understanding of the biology, host-agent interactions, pathogenesis, and immune mechanisms of viral diseases.
Download or read book Investigations of Vaccinia Virus DNA Replication The Roles of Three Viral Proteins A50 I3 and G5 written by Maciej W. Czarnecki and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vaccinia Virus and Poxvirology written by Stuart N. Isaacs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Right Book at the Right Time The poxviruses comprise a family of complex DNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm of vertebrate or invertebrate cells. Of the eight recognized g- era of vertebrate poxviruses, those belonging to the orthopoxvirus genus have been most intensively studied. This group includes variola virus, the agent of smallpox, as well as cowpox virus and vaccinia virus. Jenner’s original sma- pox vaccine, described in 1798, consisted of live cowpox virus, but vaccinia virus later replaced it (1). There has been speculation as to the origin of v- cinia virus; the most likely idea is that it is a separate species, possibly ori- nally isolated from a horse, and is now extinct or rare in nature (2). Recent genome sequencing studies confirm the distinctness of variola virus, cowpox virus, and vaccinia virus and also their very close genetic relationship, which accounts for the cross protection of smallpox vaccines. The novelty of the smallpox vaccine can be readily appreciated by the time it took, about 80 years, before the next live vaccine against rabies was developed, and another 50 years for the yellow fever vaccine. Moreover, the eradication of smallpox in 1977 stands as a unique medical achievement. Because of its historical role, sma- pox vaccination contributed greatly to present concepts of infectious disease, immunity, and pathogenesis. Less well known, however, are the many other “firsts” for vaccinia virus.
Download or read book Reproduction written by H. Fraenkel-Conrat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The time seems ripe for a critical compendium of that segment of the biological universe we call viruses. Virology, as a science, having only recently passed through its descriptive phase of naming and num bering, has probably reached that stage at which relatively few new truly new-viruses will be discovered. Triggered by the intellectual probes and techniq ues of molecular biology, genetics, biochemical cytology, and high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy, the field has experienced a genuine information explosion. Few serious attempts have so far been made to chronicle these events. This comprehensive series, which will comprise some 6000 pages in a total of about 22 volumes, represents a commitment by a large group of active investigators to analyze, digest, and expostulate on the great mass of data relating to viruses, much of which is now amorphous and disjointed and scattered throughout a wide literature. I n this way, we hope to place the entire field in perspective as well as to develop an invaluable reference and sourcebook for researchers and students at all levels. This series is designed as a continuum that can be entered anywhere but which also provides a logical progression of developing facts and integrated concepts.
Download or read book Studies on Vaccinia Virus DNA Replication Initiation written by Shan Du and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biology of a Constitutively expressed Vaccinia Virus Gene Required for DNA Replication written by Nancy A. Roseman and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Replication of vaccinia virus in the cytoplasm of the infected cell occurs under the direction of virally encoded gene products. Expression of approximately 200 viral genes follows a highly regulated temporal scheme which can be followed biochemically and morphologically during the assembly process. In order to dissect this complex genetic program conditionally lethal mutants of vaccinia have previously been generated. This report describes the utilization of a collection of temperature sensitive (ts) mutants for the study of a required vaccinia virus gene. Previous biochemical analysis defined four biochemical phenotypes within this collection of is mutants: DNA negative, defective-late, abortive-late, and wild-type. One mutant from each phenotype was examined at the non-permissive temperature by electron microscopy. Each exhibited distinct morphological aberrations, but it was difficult to relate aberrant morphology to the biochemical phenotype. Therefore, one mutant, ts17, was chosen for more detailed study. Ts17 is a member of the DNA negative biochemical class. At the non-permissive temperature no viral DNA was produced in ts17 infected cells. Early viral proteins were synthesized for up to 24 hours post-infection, and late viral proteins were not expressed. The ts17 gene was then mapped by marker rescue techniques, and the nucleotide sequence of 3.6 kilobases of DNA form that region was determined. The nucleotide sequence of a fragment from tsi7 viral DNA, and from two ts17 revertants was also determined, and the nature of the tsi7 mutation was identified. Analysis of the wild-type sequence revealed three tightly spaced tandemly-oriented open reading frames. The predicted proteins encoded for by these open reading frames were confirmed by hybrid-selection in vitro translation of selected mRNAs. S1 mapping of the 5' and 3' ends of the encoded transcripts, in conjunction with a northern analysis, determined that two of the open reading frames terminate coincidentally. S1 analysis utilizing RNAs isolated over time demonstrated that the ts17 gene was transcribed throughout infection and is therefore a constitutive viral gene. Precise mapping showed the transcriptional start site of this gene to be in a proposed late regulatory element.
Download or read book DNA Replication and Telomere Resolution in Vaccinia Virus written by Xuekun Xing and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DNA Replication and Telomere Resolution in Vaccinia Virus written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gene Therapy for Cancer written by Kelly K. Hunt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-26 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three sections of this volume present currently available cancer gene therapy techniques. Part I describes the various aspects of gene delivery. In Part II, the contributors discuss strategies and targets for the treatment of cancer. Finally, in Part III, experts discuss the difficulties inherent in bringing gene therapy treatment for cancer to the clinic. This book will prove valuable as the volume of preclinical and clinical data continues to increase.
Download or read book Biology of Poxviruses written by Samuel Dales and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, Biology of Poxviruses, marks our debut as editors of this well known series. We plan to continue the tradition of providing a forum for exten sive, critical reviews of individual virus groups, as exemplified by the present volume. But the pace of discovery is accelerating so rapidly that we feel the need to offer an additional format: volumes that contain collections of shorter, topical reviews on a group of related subjects. Such collections might cut across con ventional boundaries between virus groups, dealing, as an example, with a partic ular aspect of virus-cell interaction. Admittedly, this new format stretches the term "monograph" beyond the accepted definition, but we believe that we should pay that price to maintain the usefulness of the series as a medium of scientific communication. Whenever possible, we will enlist the aid of deputy editors to bring such col lections to fruition. As in the past, the editors and the publisher will welcome suggestions for topics and contributions.
Download or read book Recombinant Poxviruses written by Matthew M. Binns and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-05-27 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recombinant Poxviruses provides a comprehensive examination of poxviruses with an emphasis on the potential of these viruses as new vaccines. The book considers a wide range of issues involved in producing new genetically engineered live vaccines, such as efficacy, safety, stability, cost, host range, immune response, immunization route, use of multivalent vaccines, and need for revaccination. The opening chapter describes the origin of vaccinia virus, its use to eradicate smallpox, and the pathogenesis of poxvirus infections. Subsequent chapters examine the molecular biology of poxviruses, methods of constructing vaccinia virus recombinants, and applications; the use and immune responses induced by poxvirus recombinants as live vaccines; and the important issues of the safety and immunogenicity of vaccinia virus. The book's final two chapters report the progress that has been made developing avipoxviruses and parapoxviruses as candidate recombinant vaccines. Recombinant Poxviruses will be a welcome addition to the bookshelves of virologists, microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, and veterinarians.
Download or read book Poxviruses written by Richard W. Moyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this volume is to highlight some current areas of poxvirus research which are likely to be particularly fruitful in the upcoming few years. The first chapter, by Drs. Condit and Niles, discusses poxvirus genetics. Work in this area has provided mutants, produced practical procedures to simplify the manipulation of viral genes, and generated information about the molecular architecture and organization of genes characteristic of pox viruses. One of the most intensively studied regions of the viral genome is the HindIII D region of vaccinia, in which a combination of classical and molecular genetic analysis of the region has been particularly revealing. Within this region are open reading frames, some of which are expressed early and others late, organized in a fashion which is now known to be typical of these viruses. Other studies, related to temperature sensitive, drug resistant, and drug dependent mutants, are also discussed. Each of the other reviews included in this volume summarizes areas of research which have depended heavily on the genetics of the system. The intracellular site of a poxvirus infection is mostly, if not exclusively, limited to the cytoplasm which dictates several interesting biological ramifications. For example, poxvirus transcription must occur in the cytoplasm, rather than in the nucleus. The virus copes with this situation by incorporating into the virion the enzymatic machinery necessary to initiate transcription from input virus.
Download or read book The Study of DNA Replication in Vaccinia Virus Through the Characterization of the Temperature Sensitive Mutant Ts4149 written by A. Kate Millns and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Replication of Viral and Cellular Genomes written by Yechiel Becker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosynthesis of cellular and viral DNA and RNA has been a major topic in molecular biology and biochemistry. The studies by Arthur Kornberg and his colleagues on the in-vitro synthesis of DNA have opened new avenues to understanding the processes controlling the duplication of the genetic information encoded in the DNA and RNA of bacterial and mammalian cells. Viral nucleic acids are replicated in infected cells (bacterial, plant, and animal) by virus coded enzymes with or without the involvement of proteins and enzymes coded by the host cells. The ability of the virus to replicate its genome within a relatively short period in the infected cell makes it an excellent biological tool for studying the molecular events in nucleic acid replication. Indeed, the identification of a number of virus-coded proteins that participate in the biosynthesis of X174 and SV40 DNA has led to the construction of in-vitro systems for the study of nucleic acid biosynthesis. Similarly, studies on the replication of other phage, animal and plant viruses have provided an insight into the nucleic acid sequences from which DNA synthesis is initiated, as well as the proteins and enzymes that regulate the catalyse biosynthetic processes. Investi gation of the molecular processes involved in the replication of cellular and mitochondrial genomes has gained momentum from the rapid developments in the analyses of viral nucleic acid biosynthesis.
Download or read book Viral Genome Replication written by Craig E. Cameron and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-28 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first comprehensive review of viral genome replication strategies, emphasizing not only pathways and regulation but also the structure-function, mechanism, and inhibition of proteins and enzymes required for this process.
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
