Download or read book Vaccinia Virus and Poxvirology written by Stuart N. Isaacs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Right Book at the Right Time The poxviruses comprise a family of complex DNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm of vertebrate or invertebrate cells. Of the eight recognized g- era of vertebrate poxviruses, those belonging to the orthopoxvirus genus have been most intensively studied. This group includes variola virus, the agent of smallpox, as well as cowpox virus and vaccinia virus. Jenner’s original sma- pox vaccine, described in 1798, consisted of live cowpox virus, but vaccinia virus later replaced it (1). There has been speculation as to the origin of v- cinia virus; the most likely idea is that it is a separate species, possibly ori- nally isolated from a horse, and is now extinct or rare in nature (2). Recent genome sequencing studies confirm the distinctness of variola virus, cowpox virus, and vaccinia virus and also their very close genetic relationship, which accounts for the cross protection of smallpox vaccines. The novelty of the smallpox vaccine can be readily appreciated by the time it took, about 80 years, before the next live vaccine against rabies was developed, and another 50 years for the yellow fever vaccine. Moreover, the eradication of smallpox in 1977 stands as a unique medical achievement. Because of its historical role, sma- pox vaccination contributed greatly to present concepts of infectious disease, immunity, and pathogenesis. Less well known, however, are the many other “firsts” for vaccinia virus.
Download or read book Poxviruses written by Andrew Mercer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-15 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides a comprehensive review of the poxvirus family with a particular emphasis on current developments. It includes the latest insights into poxviral molecular biology, diagnosis, therapy, vaccine development and the beneficial exploitation of these viruses in biomedical research. Each chapter is written by a leader in the field, and the book includes historical perspectives and summaries of recent advances in the field.
Download or read book Biology of Poxviruses written by Samuel Dales and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, Biology of Poxviruses, marks our debut as editors of this well known series. We plan to continue the tradition of providing a forum for exten sive, critical reviews of individual virus groups, as exemplified by the present volume. But the pace of discovery is accelerating so rapidly that we feel the need to offer an additional format: volumes that contain collections of shorter, topical reviews on a group of related subjects. Such collections might cut across con ventional boundaries between virus groups, dealing, as an example, with a partic ular aspect of virus-cell interaction. Admittedly, this new format stretches the term "monograph" beyond the accepted definition, but we believe that we should pay that price to maintain the usefulness of the series as a medium of scientific communication. Whenever possible, we will enlist the aid of deputy editors to bring such col lections to fruition. As in the past, the editors and the publisher will welcome suggestions for topics and contributions.
Download or read book Vaccinia Virus written by Jason Mercer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed book provides practical information for the laboratory that can be applied to the study of vaccinia and other poxviruses while emphasizing long-standing field standards and focusing on emerging new technologies applied in the field of poxvirology. The methods and protocols have been designed with the bench scientist in mind, being presented in a fashion that makes them useful for both starting and veteran poxvirus researchers. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Vaccinia Virus: Methods and Protocols serves as a valuable resource for scientists looking to bring new methods and procedures into their lab in order to make exciting discoveries that will continue to deepen our understanding of this fascinating virus family.
Download or read book Recombinant Poxviruses written by Matthew M. Binns and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-05-27 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recombinant Poxviruses provides a comprehensive examination of poxviruses with an emphasis on the potential of these viruses as new vaccines. The book considers a wide range of issues involved in producing new genetically engineered live vaccines, such as efficacy, safety, stability, cost, host range, immune response, immunization route, use of multivalent vaccines, and need for revaccination. The opening chapter describes the origin of vaccinia virus, its use to eradicate smallpox, and the pathogenesis of poxvirus infections. Subsequent chapters examine the molecular biology of poxviruses, methods of constructing vaccinia virus recombinants, and applications; the use and immune responses induced by poxvirus recombinants as live vaccines; and the important issues of the safety and immunogenicity of vaccinia virus. The book's final two chapters report the progress that has been made developing avipoxviruses and parapoxviruses as candidate recombinant vaccines. Recombinant Poxviruses will be a welcome addition to the bookshelves of virologists, microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, and veterinarians.
Download or read book Characterization of the Role of the Poxvirus Extracellular Virion Specific Glycoproteins A33 A34 and B5 for Infectivity and Pathogenesis written by Stephanie R. Monticelli and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Poxviridae family contains a considerable number of large, double-stranded DNA viruses. Vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototypical poxvirus, is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus and is the virus that was used as the live-attenuated vaccine against smallpox. During infection, two antigenically distinct, infectious forms of the virus are produced, including intracellular mature virus (IMV) and extracellular virus (EV). EV contain an additional membrane envelope compared to IMV and are critical for cell-to-cell spread and dissemination during infection. Proteins A33, A34, A56, B5, F13, K2, and E2 are specific to the EV membrane. Of these, A33, A34, A56 and B5 are glycoproteins. With the exception of A56, deletion of any one of these proteins results in a small-plaque phenotype, representative of their important role in the production of infectious EV. The overall goal of this thesis study was to further elucidate the function of the glycoproteins (A33, A34, and B5) and their interactions for infectivity and pathogenesis. Our investigations led to the discovery of a number of previously unrecognized interactions. Furthermore, characterization of these interactions revealed an interdependency of the glycoproteins for their trafficking to the site of wrapping and for subsequent incorporation. Additionally, our data indicates that F13 and the glycoproteins serve as a matrix-like complex to facilitate envelopment of IMV to form EV. Further investigations revealed that A33 contains a unique structural mechanism that controls its interactions with A34 and B5, and these results indicated that the interactions between the glycoproteins are transient, and this transience is critical for the production of fully infectious EV. During our investigations, we developed several novel techniques, including flow virometry and fluorescence-activated virion sorting to analyze individual EV. Using these assays, we show a direct relationship between glycoprotein incorporation and infectivity. Altogether, this work reveals that a complex cascade of protein interactions exists to facilitate efficient morphogenesis and intracellular envelopment, and these interactions are tightly regulated to ensure optimal EV protein content and the production of fully infectious EV. This work has provided valuable insights regarding the roles of the glycoproteins for morphogenesis, intracellular envelopment, and infectivity. Taken together, the data presented here will be critical for the development of safer and more effective orthopoxvirus vaccines, poxvirus oncolytics, and viral vaccine vectors.
Download or read book Vaccinia Mpox and Other Poxviruses written by Zhilong Yang and published by Humana. This book was released on 2024-11-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume covers new and classic methods for vaccinia virus (the prototype poxvirus) but also extends to methods and protocols specifically tailored for mpox virus, lumpy skin disease virus, and myxoma virus. As these viruses continue to expand their territories, research into the impact of poxviruses on human and animal health, as well as investigating vaccine vectors and oncolytic virotherapy, becomes more important, and this book provides a thorough resource for this area of study. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Vaccinia, Mpox, and Other Poxviruses: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal resource for virologists working in this vital section of the field.
Download or read book Vaccinia Virus and Poxvirology written by Stuart N. Isaacs and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2012-06-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition of Vaccinia Virus and Poxvirology: Methods and Protocols was published, a number of important events related to poxvirology have occurred, such as FDA approval of a culture-based live smallpox vaccine and the vaccination of large numbers of U.S. military and relatively large numbers of U.S. civilians. Novel anti-poxvirus therapeutics have been developed and have been used in emergency settings. The second edition of Vaccinia Virus and Poxvirology expands upon the previous edition with entirely new sets of protocols. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Vaccinia Virus and Poxvirology: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition seeks to aid scientists in continuing to study poxviruses using new tools and approaches.
Download or read book Studies of the Viruses of Vaccinia and Variola written by Mervyn Henry Gordon and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vaccinia Viruses as Vectors for Vaccine Antigens written by Gerald V. Quinnan and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1985 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essentials of Vaccination written by Hardaway and published by . This book was released on 1882 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essentials of Vaccination written by William Augustus Hardaway and published by . This book was released on 1882 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vaccinia New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccinia: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Vaccinia in a concise format. The editors have built Vaccinia: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Vaccinia in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Vaccinia: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Investigation of the Function of the Vaccinia Virus O1L Gene written by Mark Wood Metcalf and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poxviruses are large DNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm of host cells, and are responsible for many infections annually in a variety of animal (and human) hosts. Despite the work that has been done on the virus family, a great number of highly conserved genes remain uncharacterized. Vaccinia virus (the virus used for smallpox vaccination) is the most studied poxvirus, but much is still unknown about it specifically with respect to its virulence factors. We identified a set of genes that we hypothesized might be immunoregulators because they are 1) highly conserved in mammalian tropic poxviruses, 2) are exclusive to poxviruses, and 3) have not been identified as replication essential genes in genome wide studies. Vaccinia Virus (VacV) O1L was chosen for further study and characterization. O1L codes for a large theoretical protein, and has multiple independent lines of evidence supporting its expression. Herein, O1L knockout mutant viruses were generated, and replication was assessed via one-step and multistep growth curves. Replication of the deletion mutant virus was also measured in several other cell types. Effects of O1L on cellular metabolism and survival, viral particles, virulence in groups of intranasally challenged Balb/C mice, and in vitro and in vivo immune responses were assessed.
Download or read book A Popular View of Vaccine Inoculation written by Joseph Adams and published by . This book was released on 1807 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Role of the Vaccinia Virus E3 Protein and Its Poxvirus Orthologues in Suppressing Innate Immune Responses Activated by RNA based Pathogen associated Molecular Patterns written by Chad Myskiw and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poxviruses are a diverse family of double-stranded DNA viruses. A characteristic feature of poxviruses is that they express a vast array of immuno-modulatory proteins. Vaccinia virus is the prototypic member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. The vaccinia E3 protein is required for virus replication in vivo and in numerous cell culture systems. Although E3 function has received considerable study, many aspects of E3 biology remain to be addressed. While E3 can inhibit cytokine expression, the pathways targeted by E3 to block cytokine expression have not been identified. Furthermore, the factor(s) which stimulate innate immune responses during vaccinia infection are not known. In this study, E3 was found to target PKR and RIG-I-like receptor mediated signal transduction to differentially block expression of IFN-[beta], TNF-[alpha] and IL-6 in HeLa cells. RNA species generated in vaccinia infected cells were identified as pathogen-associated molecular patterns capable of inducing cytokine expression and activating apoptosis. Furthermore, PKR, RIG-I and MDA5 play non-overlapping and essential roles in mediating the innate immune response to these RNA species. Orthologues of E3 are encoded by all poxviruses which infect vertebrate animals except the Avipoxviruses and molluscum contagiosum virus. However, orthologues of vaccinia E3 remain essentially uncharacterized. A comparative analysis of the ability of E3 orthologues encoded by sheeppox, yaba monkey tumour, swinepox and myxoma virus to complement deletion of E3 was performed. E3 orthologues of myxoma virus and swinepox virus suppress PKR activation and interferon induced antiviral activity and restore the host range function of E3 in culture. In contrast, the E3 orthologues of sheeppox virus and yaba monkey tumour virus are unable to inhibit PKR activation. While the sheeppox orthologue cannot restore the host range function of E3, the yaba monkey tumour virus orthologue partially restores E3 deficient vaccinia replication. However, none of these E3 orthologues restore pathogenicity to E3 deficient vaccinia in vivo. In summary, these results highlight the role of the vaccinia virus E3 protein and its poxvirus orthologues in suppressing innate immune responses activated by RNA-based pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
Download or read book The Orthopoxviruses written by Frank Fenner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Orthopoxviruses presents knowledge and comprehensive and integrated picture of orthopoxviruses. The book looks into the molecular biology of this genusof viruses, particularly, the structure and chemical composition of the virion, replication, morphogenesis, pathogenesis, pathology, and immunology of this virus' infections. It also elucidates the global spread, control, and eradication of smallpox. Additionally, the book describes a potentially important use of vaccinia virus, namely, its use as a vector for genes from other viruses, bacteria, or protozoa that specify antigens important in stimulating the production of a protective immune response. Such comprehensive account of all aspects of the biology of all known species of orthopoxviruses will be valuable to molecular biologists, virologists, immunologists, pathologists, and researchers in the veterinary sciences.
