Download or read book Utilizing Distributed Temperature Sensors in Predicting Flow Rates in Multilateral Wells written by Jassim Mohammed A. Al Mulla and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new advancement in well monitoring tools have increased the amount of data that could be retrieved with great accuracy. Downhole pressure and temperature could be precisely determined now by using modern instruments. The new challenge that we are facing today is to maximize the benefits of the large amount of data that is being provided by these tools and thus justify the investment of more capital in such gadgets. One of these benefits is to utilize the continuous stream of temperature and pressure data to determine the flow rate in real time out of a multilateral well. Temperature and pressure changes are harder to predict in horizontal laterals compared with vertical wells because of the lack of variation in elevation and geothermal gradient. Thus the need of accurate and high precision gauges becomes critical. The trade-off of high resolution sensors is the related cost and resulting complication in modeling. Interpreting measured data at real-time to a downhole flow profile in multilateral and horizontal wells for production optimization is another challenge. In this study, a theoretical model is developed to predict temperature and pressure in trilateral wells based on given flow conditions. The model is used as a forward engine in the study and inversion procedure is then added to interpret the data to flow profiles. The forward model starts from an assumed well flow pressure in a specified reservoir with a defined well structure. Pressure, temperature and flow rate in the well system are calculated in the motherbore and in the laterals. These predicted temperature and pressure profiles provide the connection between the flow conditions and the temperature and pressure behavior. Then we use an inverse model to interpret the flow rate profiles from the temperature and pressure data measured by the downhole sensors. A gradient-based inversion algorithm is used in this work, which is fast and applicable for real-time monitoring of production performance. In the inverse model, the flow profile is calculated until the one that generates the matching temperature and pressure profiles in the well is identified. The production distribution from each lateral is determined based on this approach. At the end of the study, the results showed that we were able to successfully predict flow rates in the field within 10% of the actual rate. We then used the model to optimize completion design in the field. In conclusion, we were able to build a dependable model capable of predicting flow rates in trilateral wells using pressure and temperature data provided by downhole sensors.

Download or read book Temperature Behavior in the Build Section of Multilateral Wells written by Analis Romero Lugo and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent well completions are increasingly being used in horizontal, multilateral, and multi-branching wells. Such completions are equipped with permanent sensors to measure temperature and pressure profiles, which must then be interpreted to determine the inflow profiles of the various phases produced that are needed to characterize the well's performance. Distributed temperature measurements, using fiber optics in particular, are becoming increasingly more often applied. The value of an intelligent completion hinges on our capability to extract such inflow profiles or, at a minimum, to locate the entry locations of undesirable water or gas entries. In this research, a model of temperature behavior in multilateral wells was developed. The model predicts the temperature profiles in the build sections connecting the laterals to one another or to a main wellbore, thus accounting for the changing well angle relative to the temperature profile in the earth. In addition, energy balance equations applied at each junction predict the effects of mixing on the temperature above each junction. The multilateral wellbore temperature model was applied to a wide range of cases, in order to determine the conditions for which intelligent completions would be most useful. Parameters that were varied for this experiment included fluid thermal properties, absolute values of temperature and pressure, geothermal gradients, flow rates from each lateral, and the trajectories of each build section. From this parametric study, guidelines for an optimal application of intelligent well completion are represented.

Download or read book Utilizing Distributed Temperature and Pressure Data to Evaluate the Production Distribution in Multilateral Wells written by Rashad Al Zahrani and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the issues with multilateral wells is determining the contribution of each lateral to the total production that is measured at the surface. Also, if water is detected at the surface or if the multilateral well performance declines, then it is difficult to identify which lateral or laterals are causing the production decline. One way to estimate the contribution from each lateral is to run production Logging Tools (PLT). Unfortunately, PLT jobs are expensive, time-consuming, labor-intensive and involve operational risks. An alternative way to measure the production from each lateral is to use Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) technology. Recent advances in DTS technology enable measuring the temperature profile in horizontal wells with high precision and resolution. The changes in the temperature profile are successfully used to calculate the production profile in horizontal wells. In this research, we develop a computer program that uses a multilateral well model to calculate the pressure and temperature profile in the motherbore. The results help understand the temperature and pressure behaviors in multilateral wells that are crucial in designing and optimizing DTS installations. Also, this model can be coupled with an inversion model that can use the measured temperature and pressure profile to calculate the production from each lateral. Our model shows that changing the permeability or the water cut produced from one lateral results in a clear signature in the motherbore temperature profile that can be measured with DTS technology. However, varying the length of one of the lateral did not seem to impact the temperature profile in the motherbore. For future work, this research recommends developing a numerical reservoir model that would enable studying the effect of lateral inference and reservoir heterogeneity. Also recommended is developing an inversion model that can be used to validate our model using field data.

Download or read book Interpreting Horizontal Well Flow Profiles and Optimizing Well Performance by Downhole Temperature and Pressure Data written by Zhuoyi Li and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Horizontal well temperature and pressure distributions can be measured by production logging or downhole permanent sensors, such as fiber optic distributed temperature sensors (DTS). Correct interpretation of temperature and pressure data can be used to obtain downhole flow conditions, which is key information to control and optimize horizontal well production. However, the fluid flow in the reservoir is often multiphase and complex, which makes temperature and pressure interpretation very difficult. In addition, the continuous measurement provides transient temperature behavior which increases the complexity of the problem. To interpret these measured data correctly, a comprehensive model is required. In this study, an interpretation model is developed to predict flow profile of a horizontal well from downhole temperature and pressure measurement. The model consists of a wellbore model and a reservoir model. The reservoir model can handle transient, multiphase flow and it includes a flow model and a thermal model. The calculation of the reservoir flow model is based on the streamline simulation and the calculation of reservoir thermal model is based on the finite difference method. The reservoir thermal model includes thermal expansion and viscous dissipation heating which can reflect small temperature changes caused by pressure difference. We combine the reservoir model with a horizontal well flow and temperature model as the forward model. Based on this forward model, by making the forward calculated temperature and pressure match the observed data, we can inverse temperature and pressure data to downhole flow rate profiles. Two commonly used inversion methods, Levenberg- Marquardt method and Marcov chain Monte Carlo method, are discussed in the study. Field applications illustrate the feasibility of using this model to interpret the field measured data and assist production optimization. The reservoir model also reveals the relationship between temperature behavior and reservoir permeability characteristic. The measured temperature information can help us to characterize a reservoir when the reservoir modeling is done only with limited information. The transient temperature information can be used in horizontal well optimization by controlling the flow rate until favorite temperature distribution is achieved. With temperature feedback and inflow control valves (ICVs), we developed a procedure of using DTS data to optimize horizontal well performance. The synthetic examples show that this method is useful at a certain level of temperature resolution and data noise.

Download or read book Detection of Water Or Gas Entry Into Horizontal Wells by Using Permanent Downhole Monitoring Systems written by Keita Yoshioka and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the recent development of temperature measurement systems, continuous wellbore temperature profiles can be obtained with high precision. Small temperature changes can be detected by modern temperature-measuring instruments, such as fiber optic distributed temperature sensors (DTS) in intelligent completions. Analyzing such changes will potentially aid the diagnosis of downhole flow conditions. In vertical wells, temperature logs have been used successfully to diagnose the downhole flow conditions because geothermal temperature differences in depth make the wellbore temperature sensitive to the amount and the type of fluids flowing in the wellbore. Geothermal temperature does not change, however, along a horizontal wellbore, which leads to small temperature variations in horizontal wells, and interpretations of temperature profiles become harder to make than those for vertical wells. For horizontal wells, the primary temperature differences are caused by frictional effects. Therefore, in developing a thermal model for producing horizontal wellbore, subtle temperature changes should be accounted for. This study rigorously derives governing equations for thermal reservoir and wellbore flow and develops a prediction model of temperature and pressure. With the prediction model developed, inversion studies of synthetic and field examples are presented. These results are essential to identify water or gas entry, to guide the flow control devices in intelligent completions, and to decide if reservoir stimulation is needed in particular horizontal sections. This study will complete and validate these inversion studies. The utility and effect of temperature and pressure measurement in horizontal wells for flow condition interpretation have been demonstrated through synthetic and field examples.

Download or read book A Comprehensive Statistically Based Method to Interpret Real Time Flowing Measurements written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project is motivated by the increasing use of distributed temperature sensors for real-time monitoring of complex wells (horizontal, multilateral and multi-branching wells) to infer the profiles of oil, gas, and water entry. Measured information can be used to interpret flow profiles along the wellbore including junction and build section. In this second project year, we have completed a forward model to predict temperature and pressure profiles in complex wells. As a comprehensive temperature model, we have developed an analytical reservoir flow model which takes into account Joule-Thomson effects in the near well vicinity and multiphase non-isothermal producing wellbore model, and couples those models accounting mass and heat transfer between them. For further inferences such as water coning or gas evaporation, we will need a numerical non-isothermal reservoir simulator, and unlike existing (thermal recovery, geothermal) simulators, it should capture subtle temperature change occurring in a normal production. We will show the results from the analytical coupled model (analytical reservoir solution coupled with numerical multi-segment well model) to infer the anomalous temperature or pressure profiles under various conditions, and the preliminary results from the numerical coupled reservoir model which solves full matrix including wellbore grids. We applied Ramey's model to the build section and used an enthalpy balance to infer the temperature profile at the junction. The multilateral wellbore temperature model was applied to a wide range of cases varying fluid thermal properties, absolute values of temperature and pressure, geothermal gradients, flow rates from each lateral, and the trajectories of each build section.

Download or read book The Leading Edge written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Temperature Prediction Model for Horizontal Well with Multiple Fractures in Shale Reservoir written by Nozomu Yoshida and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fracture diagnostics is a key technology for well performance prediction of a horizontal well in a shale reservoir. The combination of multiple fracture diagnostic techniques gives reliable results, and temperature data has potential to provide more reliability on the results. In this work, we show an application of a temperature prediction model for a horizontal well with multiple hydraulic fractures in order to investigate the possibility of evaluating reservoir and hydraulic fracture parameters using temperature data. The model consists of wellbore model and reservoir model. The wellbore model was formulated based on mass, momentum and energy balance. The reservoir flow model was solved by a numerical reservoir simulation, and the reservoir thermal model was formulated by transient energy balance equation considering viscous dissipation heating and temperature variation caused by fluid expansion besides heat conduction and convection. The reservoir flow and reservoir thermal model were coupled with the wellbore model to predict temperature distribution in a horizontal well considering boundary conditions at the contact of reservoir and wellbore. In the reservoir system, primary hydraulic fractures which are transverse to the horizontal well were modeled with thin grid cells explicitly, and the hydraulically-induced fracture network around the horizontal well was modeled as higher permeable zone to unstimulated matrix zone. The reservoir grids between two primary fractures were logarithmically spaced in order to capture transient flow behavior. We applied the model to synthetic examples: horizontal well with identical five fractures and with different five fractures. The results show two fundamental mechanisms: heat conduction between formation and wellbore fluid at non-perforated zone, and wellbore fluid mixing effect at each fracture. The synthetic example with identical fractures shows that fracture locations affect wellbore temperature distribution because of fluid mixing effect between reservoir inflow and wellbore fluid. And also, the synthetic example with different fractures shows that the fracture heterogeneity causes different magnitude of temperature change due to inflow variation per fracture. In addition, the model was applied to synthetic examples without network fracture region in order to find the effects by the network. It reveals that under constant rate condition, network fracture masks large temperature change due to small pressure change at the contact between fracture and formation, and that under constant BHP condition, network fracture augments temperature change with the increase of flow rate in wellbore and inflow rate from reservoir. Sensitivity studies were performed on temperature distribution to identify influential parameters out of the reservoir and hydraulic fracture parameters including reservoir porosity, reservoir permeability, fracture half-length, fracture height, fracture permeability, fracture porosity, fracture network parameters, and fracture interference between multiple clusters. In this work, in order to find contributions by a target fracture, temperature change sensitivity is evaluated. Single fracture case reveals that fracture permeability, network fracture parameters and fracture geometries are primary influential parameters on temperature change at the fracture location. And also, multiple fractures case shows that temperature change is augmented with the increase of fracture geometry and is decreased with the increase of fracture permeability. These results show the possibility of using temperature to determine these sensitive parameters, and also the quantified parameter sensitivities provide better understandings of the temperature behavior of horizontal well with multiple fractures. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149366

Download or read book Oilfield Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Petrophysics written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Introduction to Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors written by Arthur H. Hartog and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains physical principles, unique benefits, broad categories, implementation aspects, and performance criteria of distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS). For each kind of sensor, the book highlights industrial applications, which range from oil and gas production to power line monitoring, plant and process engineering, environmental monitoring, industrial fire and leakage detection, and so on. The text also includes a discussion of such key areas as backscattering, launched power limitations, and receiver sensitivity, as well as a concise historical account of the field’s development.

Download or read book Introduction to Permanent Plug and Abandonment of Wells written by Mahmoud Khalifeh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book offers a timely guide to challenges and current practices to permanently plug and abandon hydrocarbon wells. With a focus on offshore North Sea, it analyzes the process of plug and abandonment of hydrocarbon wells through the establishment of permanent well barriers. It provides the reader with extensive knowledge on the type of barriers, their functioning and verification. It then discusses plug and abandonment methodologies, analyzing different types of permanent plugging materials. Last, it describes some tests for verifying the integrity and functionality of installed permanent barriers. The book offers a comprehensive reference guide to well plugging and abandonment (P&A) and well integrity testing. The book also presents new technologies that have been proposed to be used in plugging and abandoning of wells, which might be game-changing technologies, but they are still in laboratory or testing level. Given its scope, it addresses students and researchers in both academia and industry. It also provides information for engineers who work in petroleum industry and should be familiarized with P&A of hydrocarbon wells to reduce the time of P&A by considering it during well planning and construction.

Download or read book Well Productivity Handbook written by Boyun Guo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With rapid changes in field development methods being created over the past few decades, there is a growing need for more information regarding energizing well production. Written by the world’s most respected petroleum engineering authors, Well Productivity Handbook provides knowledge for modeling oil and gas wells with simple and complex trajectories. Covering critical topics, such as petroleum fluid properties, reservoir deliverability, wellbore flow performance and productivity of intelligent well systems, this handbook explains real-world applications illustrated with example problems.

Download or read book Data Analytics in Reservoir Engineering written by Sathish Sankaran and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data Analytics in Reservoir Engineering describes the relevance of data analytics for the oil and gas industry, with particular emphasis on reservoir engineering.

Download or read book Well Completion Design written by Jonathan Bellarby and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-04-13 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completions are the conduit between hydrocarbon reservoirs and surface facilities. They are a fundamental part of any hydrocarbon field development project. The have to be designed for safely maximising the hydrocarbon recovery from the well and may have to last for many years under ever changing conditions. Issues include: connection with the reservoir rock, avoiding sand production, selecting the correct interval, pumps and other forms of artificial lift, safety and integrity, equipment selection and installation and future well interventions. Course book based on course well completion design by TRACS International Unique in its field: Coverage of offshore, subsea, and landbased completions in all of the major hydrocarbon basins of the world Full colour

Download or read book Hart s E P written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery written by Larry W. Lake and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: