Download or read book Using Surface Analysis to Investigate how Adsorbed Protein Structure Changes with Controlled Changes in Surface Chemistry written by Rami N. Foster and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein adsorption on synthetic surfaces is an important and widely studied phenomenon in biomaterials research. Despite its importance, it is still poorly understood. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this thesis is to contribute toward a better understanding of the protein-biomaterial interface, with application toward the next generation of biomaterial implants. Narrowing this broad objective down to something more specific, this thesis represents a body of work focused on the interaction of blood plasma proteins with sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS) grafted surfaces. The approach to achieving this objective is straightforward. First, proof-of-concept must be established that NaSS can be successfully grafted to a given surface. A thorough characterization of NaSS films grafted from titanium and silicon oxide surfaces using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is presented herein. Next, the grafting procedure must be optimized and scaled in order to reliably produce sufficient quantities of NaSS-grafted samples to meet the demands of protein adsorption studies. Using a 24 factorial experimental design and "activators are continuously regenerated by electron transfer" (ARGET) ATRP chemistry, an optimized NaSS grafting procedure was developed. The findings here may be generally applied as a starting point for grafting other polymers to a variety of surfaces. The last step is application-to use the NaSS films for their intended purpose. Surface analysis techniques were applied to characterize changes in adsorbed bovine serum albumin (BSA), bovine fibrinogen (Fgn), bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG), and bovine plasma films between bare and NaSS-grafted gold surfaces. All three proteins and plasma adsorb more readily to, and have a higher affinity for gold than NaSS surfaces. However, at higher concentrations NaSS adsorbs similar amounts (for plasma) or more (for BSA and Fgn) total protein than gold. The only protein that NaSS surfaces adsorb less of than gold is IgG, because IgG adopts a highly denatured conformation on NaSS. Each adsorbed IgG molecule takes up more space on NaSS compared to gold surfaces, resulting in less total protein adsorbed at all concentrations. Still, with the exception of BSA and plasma on gold surfaces, neither surface appeared to have saturated at the highest protein solution concentration studied. Using principal component analysis (PCA) of just the amino acid ToF-SIMS mass fragments, it was determined that all three proteins and plasma adsorb differently on NaSS and gold surfaces, and that the structure of the xii adsorbed protein films change with surface concentration. One difference between adsorbed films on both surfaces, determined using peak ratios for buried/surface amino acids for each protein, is that adsorbed proteins denature more on NaSS than gold. Also, using peak ratios of non-uniformly distributed amino acids, small differences in average orientations were found between the two surfaces for BSA and IgG films. Finally, principal component (PC) modeling, was used to track changes in adsorbed plasma films with time. On NaSS surfaces the plasma films appear to be more BSA-like at short adsorption times, and more Fgn-like at longer adsorption times. Similarly, on gold surfaces the plasma films on appear to start out more IgG-like and become more Fgn-like with increasing adsorption time. However, the PC model included only the three proteins studied here, where plasma is a complex mixture of hundreds of proteins. Therefore, while both gold and NaSS appear to adsorb more Fgn with time, further study is required to confirm that this is truly representative of the final state of the adsorbed plasma films.
Download or read book Protein Adsorption and Conformational Changes written by Michael Assfalg and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-03-28 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein adsorption to solids, nanomaterials, and biological surfaces is of central interest in many fields, including biomedicine, bioanalytical chemistry, materials engineering, bio-nanotechnology, and basic biomolecular research. Although protein adsorption may sometimes occur with little consequence on molecular structure, interactions with surfaces frequently cause changes in local or global conformations and dynamics, perturbations to secondary structures or tertiary folds, eventually resulting in dramatically altered protein function. Importantly, surfaces may trigger protein misfolding and self-aggregation, or, conversely, promote protein structure formation. The use of nanoscale surfaces to remodel the conformational landscape and the aggregation pathways of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins has been proposed as a promising strategy against several severe human diseases. The rapid growth of applications and technological innovation which is based on or concerned with protein adsorption necessitates renewed efforts to provide molecular-level insights into adsorption-induced protein structural perturbations. In this Special Issue, we gathered the recent findings of experimental and computational investigations that contributed novel insights into protein adsorption with a focus on the structural and dynamic aspects of proteins.
Download or read book Surface Analysis of Adsorbed Proteins written by Elaine Hillenmeyer Tronic and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorbed proteins on surfaces are important in many applications, including medical implants, sensors, marine materials, and in vitro substrates for cell culture and other uses. Understanding the protein structure on the surface would allow better control of the interaction of the material with the surrounding environment and a more reproducible system response. Protein adsorption is a complex process, and characterization requires the combination of multiple analysis techniques. In this thesis, adsorbed protein amounts were measured using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and radiolabeled proteins. Protein conformation and orientation were measured using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), sum frequency generation (SFG), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Surface type influenced the adsorbed surface concentration of albumin and fibronectin on surfaces of glass, polystyrene, titanium, and sulfonated polystyrene as measured by XPS and radiolabeled protein adsorption. More albumin adsorbed onto polystyrene than glass. More albumin and fibronectin adsorbed onto sulfonated polystyrene than titanium. ToF-SIMS also showed differences in structure of the proteins adsorbed onto the different surfaces. The A1 domain of von Willebrand Factor adsorbed in similar amounts onto glass, tissue culture polystyrene, and polystyrene surfaces, as measured by XPS. However, ToF-SIMS showed differences in solution exposure of A1 domain amino acids when adsorbed onto the three surfaces and NEXAFS showed the most ordered ß-sheet structure when A1 was adsorbed onto polystyrene. ELISA showed lowest binding of antibodies recognizing a nonlinear epitopes within A1 when A1 was adsorbed onto polystyrene. Functional studies using a parallel plate flow chamber measured platelet binding to A1 adsorbed onto the three surfaces. At high shear (20dyne/cm2), platelets showed most detachment from A1 adsorbed onto glass. At low shear (0.2dyne/cm2), platelets showed most detachment from A1 adsorbed onto polystyrene. Surface analysis was also useful in characterizing collagen substrates created under different experimental conditions, including material source and pH. Collagen obtained from different sources exhibited altered adsorption behavior, both in amount adsorbed as measured by XPS and interaction with the A1 domain of von Willebrand Factor as measured by ToF-SIMS. SFG was used to identify differences in ordering of collagen adsorbed from solutions at different pH values. Collagen adsorbed at pH 8.0 showed higher SFG amide signal than collagen adsorbed at pH 6.5, suggesting greater ordering of the peptide backbone at pH 8.0. The differences in SFG signal were not due to the amount adsorbed protein, as XPS showed more collagen adsorbed onto tissue culture polystyrene at pH 6.5 than pH 8.0. These studies demonstrated that the surface type can have a large impact on adsorbed proteins, both in amount adsorbed and surface structure. These studies also showed that surface analysis is very useful in creating defined in vitro protein substrates. In all cases, it was crucial to use multiple analysis techniques to understand these systems.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science written by P. Somasundaran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proteins at Interfaces II written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proteins at Solid Liquid Interfaces written by Philippe Déjardin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-28 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book opens with a description of fundamental aspects of protein adsorption to surfaces, a phenomenon that plays a key role in biotechnological applications, especially at solid-liquid interfaces. Presented here are methods for studying adsorption kinetics and conformational changes such as optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS). Also described are sensitive bench techniques for measuring the orientation and structure of proteins at solid-liquid interfaces, including total internal reflection ellipsometry (TIRE), dual polarisation interferometry (DPI) and time of flight - secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF–SIMS). A model study of fibronectin at polymer surfaces is included, as are studies using microporous membranes and textiles with immobilized enzymes for large-scale applications. Biocompatibility, anti-fouling properties and surface modification to modulate the adsorption and activity of biomolecules are among the other topics addressed in this invaluable book.
Download or read book Protein Adsorption and Conformational Changes written by Michael Assfalg and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein adsorption to solids, nanomaterials, and biological surfaces is of central interest in many fields, including biomedicine, bioanalytical chemistry, materials engineering, bio-nanotechnology, and basic biomolecular research. Although protein adsorption may sometimes occur with little consequence on molecular structure, interactions with surfaces frequently cause changes in local or global conformations and dynamics, perturbations to secondary structures or tertiary folds, eventually resulting in dramatically altered protein function. Importantly, surfaces may trigger protein misfolding and self-aggregation, or, conversely, promote protein structure formation. The use of nanoscale surfaces to remodel the conformational landscape and the aggregation pathways of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins has been proposed as a promising strategy against several severe human diseases. The rapid growth of applications and technological innovation which is based on or concerned with protein adsorption necessitates renewed efforts to provide molecular-level insights into adsorption-induced protein structural perturbations. In this Special Issue, we gathered the recent findings of experimental and computational investigations that contributed novel insights into protein adsorption with a focus on the structural and dynamic aspects of proteins.
Download or read book Biological Interactions on Materials Surfaces written by David A. Puleo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-26 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Success or failure of biomaterials, whether tissue engineered constructs, joint and dental implants, vascular grafts, or heart valves, depends on molecular-level events that determine subsequent responses of cells and tissues. This book presents the latest developments and state-of-the-art knowledge regarding protein, cell, and tissue interactions with both conventional and nanophase materials. Insight into these biomaterial surface interactions will play a critical role in further developments in fields such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biocompatibility of implanted materials and devices. With chapters written by leaders in their respective fields, this compendium will be the authoritative source of information for scientists, engineers, and medical researchers seeking not only to understand but also to control tissue-biomaterial interactions.
Download or read book Cell Electrophoresis written by Johann Bauer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a summary of the application and instrumentation of cell electrophoresis. The method of making cell purification and characterization possible according to the cellular negative surface charge density is discussed, and ideas for future developments are explained. The negative electrostatic forces at cell surfaces provide information about cell-cell interaction, blood vessel sealing, cytokine actions, cell transformation, ion transport phenomena, and other biological phenomena. Recalculations of the physical principles of cell electrophoresis reveal possibilities for removing disruptive factors caused by electrical current, heat, and sedimentation. The introduction of computer technology, the performance of simultaneous two-parameter measurements, and the application of cell-friendly but current-inert buffer systems render the method more reliable and efficient.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research pt A Subject access A H written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surface Analysis The Principal Techniques written by John C. Vickerman and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1997-10-20 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines the characterization and understanding of the outer layers of substrates. From the basic principles of surface analysis, the book considers the various techniques used to analyze surfaces and the theory required to understand the results.
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering written by Gary Wnek and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-05-28 with total page 3145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by more than 400 subject experts representing diverse academic and applied domains, this multidisciplinary resource surveys the vanguard of biomaterials and biomedical engineering technologies utilizing biomaterials that lead to quality-of-life improvements. Building on traditional engineering principles, it serves to bridge advances in materials science, life sciences, nanotechnology, and cell biology to innovations in solving medical problems with applications in tissue engineering, prosthetics, drug delivery, biosensors, and medical devices. In nearly 300 entries, this four-volume Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Second Edition, covers: essential topics integral to tissue engineering research: bioreactors, scaffolding materials and fabrication, tissue mechanics, cellular interaction, and development of major tissues and organs being attempted by researchers worldwide; artificial lungs and muscles, bio-artificial livers, and corneal, dental, inner ear, and total hip implants; tissue engineering of blood vessels, heart valves, ligaments, microvascular networks, skeletal muscle, and skin; bone remodeling, bone cement, and bioabsorbable bone plates and screws; controlled drug delivery, insulin delivery, and transdermal and ocular implant-based drug delivery; endovascular stent grafts, vascular grafts, and xenografts; 3-D medical imaging, electrical impedance imaging, and intravascular ultrasound; biomedical, protein adsorption, and in vivo cardiovascular modeling; polymer foams, biofunctional and conductive polymers, and electroactive polymeric materials; blood–material interactions, the bone–implant interface, host reactions, and foreign body responses and much more.
Download or read book Naval Research Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science written by Arthur T. Hubbard and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-07-18 with total page 1580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference collects fundamental theories and recent research from a wide range of fields including biology, biochemistry, physics, applied mathematics, and computer, materials, surface, and colloid science-providing key references, tools, and analytical techniques for practical applications in industrial, agricultural, and forensic processes, as well as in the production of natural and synthetic compounds such as foods, minerals, paints, proteins, pharmaceuticals, polymers, and soaps.
