Download or read book Using Spatial Tools to Analyze Crash and Roadway Data written by GeoDecisions and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PennDOT engaged Gannett Fleming to conduct research into best practices in the use of geospatial analysis tools for highway safety analyses. The goals of the effort were to define a methodology for PennDOT to follow in identifying the best candidate locations for highway safety improvements, and to develop a Proof of Concept to test the proposed methodology. After conducting interviews and workshops involving more than 35 of PennDOT's stakeholders in highway safety processes, Gannett Fleming interviewed highway safety managers in five other state and federal highway agencies to determine what innovative tools and practices are currently being used. Gannett Fleming's research also included a review of literature related to the study from more than 80 sources. Based on Gannett Fleming's research and analysis, PennDOT selected the "Highway Safety Data Relationships Knowledge Base" for further research. The knowledge base is an information repository based on concepts in data mining and expert systems. It uses advanced statistical analysis methods and expert business knowledge rules to discover data patterns based on correlation and other forms of relationships in the data. The knowledge base can be applied to diagnosing specific combinations of data attributes and features that may indicate the causative factors among homogeneous populations of crashes. Most highway safety data analyses involve studying correlations among multiple data sets. The knowledge base is an innovative and compreh3nsive tool for such an application. It provides a framework for identifying and managing relationships among many combinations of data sets that are useful in highway safety analyses. Gannett Fleming proceeded to develop a prototype as a proof of concept. Gannett Fleming demonstrated the prototype using actual PennDOT crash data. Three analysis scenarios were demonstrated" evaluating safety programming alternatives for alcohol involved crashes, diagnosing data patterns of crashes at a selected highway location, identifying potential sites for system-wide deployment of a selected countermeasure

Download or read book Developing a GIS Safety Analysis System written by Aline Aylo and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GIS has become one of the most used programs for various project and research areas. It has been widely used in a variety of applications for planning, presenting, and analyzing data and results. Its application in transportation safety however, has been limited. ArcGIS provides the option of creating new tools by programming with different languages such as Visual Basic. Most of the available GIS-based traffic safety tools developed so far perform simple traffic crash analyses by querying, analyzing crash data and ranking of high crash locations by using crash data only. The objectives of this study are three-fold: (1) to review and identify the most important features and methods in safety analysis; (2) to develop a safety analysis application using ArcGIS and Visual Basic; (3) to use the application in a case study. The safety application developed is able to query traffic crashes by accident characteristics which are always reported and included in any traffic accident database such as crash severity, road condition, collision type, light condition, etc. The application also performs analysis both on a micro level and on a macro level. Users have the choice of studying an intersection or a roadway segment as well as a group of intersections or roadway segments that share common characteristics or traits. Eight different safety analysis methods were programmed, which ranged from simple methods such as the crash frequency to the more advanced methods such as the empirical Bayes (EB). A before-after study tool is added and it is able to perform a naïve before-after study and an empirical Bayes study. Finally an output tool is added to the application so the results can be exported to other formats or maps. The application is tested with a case study using Montgomery County as a study area.

Download or read book Spatial Analysis Methods of Road Traffic Collisions written by Becky P. Y. Loo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-09-21 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examine the Prevalence and Geography of Road CollisionsSpatial Analysis Methods of Road Traffic Collisions centers on the geographical nature of road crashes, and uses spatial methods to provide a greater understanding of the patterns and processes that cause them. Written by internationally known experts in the field of transport geography, the bo

Download or read book A GIS based Bayesian Approach for Analyzing Spatial temporal Patterns of Traffic Crashes written by Linhua Li and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis develops a GIS-based Bayesian approach for area-wide traffic crash analysis. Five years of crash data from Houston, Texas, are analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS), and spatial-temporal patterns of relative crash risk are identified based on a hierarchical Bayesian approach. This Bayesian approach is used to filter the uncertainty in the data and identify and rank roadway segments with potentially high relative risks for crashes. The results provide a sound basis to take preventive actions to reduce the risks in these segments. To capture the real safety indications better, this thesis differentiates the risks in different directions of the roadways, disaggregates different road types, and utilizes GIS to analyze and visualize the spatial relative crash risks in 3-D views according to different temporal scales. Results demonstrate that the approach is effective in spatially smoothing the relative crash risks, eliminating the instability of estimates while maintaining real safety trends. The posterior risk maps show high-risk roadway segments in 3-D views, which is more reader friendly than the conventional 2-D views. The results are also useful for travelers to choose relatively safer routes.

Download or read book Highway Safety Analytics and Modeling written by Dominique Lord and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-27 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highway Safety Analytics and Modeling comprehensively covers the key elements needed to make effective transportation engineering and policy decisions based on highway safety data analysis in a single. reference. The book includes all aspects of the decision-making process, from collecting and assembling data to developing models and evaluating analysis results. It discusses the challenges of working with crash and naturalistic data, identifies problems and proposes well-researched methods to solve them. Finally, the book examines the nuances associated with safety data analysis and shows how to best use the information to develop countermeasures, policies, and programs to reduce the frequency and severity of traffic crashes. Complements the Highway Safety Manual by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Provides examples and case studies for most models and methods Includes learning aids such as online data, examples and solutions to problems

Download or read book Highway and Traffic Safety written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation Research Record contains the following papers: Method for identifying factors contributing to driver-injury severity in traffic crashes (Chen, WH and Jovanis, PP); Crash- and injury-outcome multipliers (Kim, K); Guidelines for identification of hazardous highway curves (Persaud, B, Retting, RA and Lyon, C); Tools to identify safety issues for a corridor safety-improvement program (Breyer, JP); Prediction of risk of wet-pavement accidents : fuzzy logic model (Xiao, J, Kulakowski, BT and El-Gindy, M); Analysis of accident-reduction factors on California state highways (Hanley, KE, Gibby, AR and Ferrara, T); Injury effects of rollovers and events sequence in single-vehicle crashes (Krull, KA, Khattack, AJ and Council, FM); Analytical modeling of driver-guidance schemes with flow variability considerations (Kaysi, I and Ail, NH); Evaluating the effectiveness of Norway's speak out! road safety campaign : The logic of causal inference in road safety evaluation studies (Elvik, R); Effect of speed, flow, and geometric characteristics on crash frequency for two-lane highways (Garber, NJ and Ehrhart, AA); Development of a relational accident database management system for Mexican federal roads (Mendoza, A, Uribe, A, Gil, GZ and Mayoral, E); Estimating traffic accident rates while accounting for traffic-volume estimation error : a Gibbs sampling approach (Davis, GA); Accident prediction models with and without trend : application of the generalized estimating equations procedure (Lord, D and Persaud, BN); Examination of methods that adjust observed traffic volumes on a network (Kikuchi, S, Miljkovic, D and van Zuylen, HJ); Day-to-day travel-time trends and travel-time prediction form loop-detector data (Kwon, JK, Coifman, B and Bickel, P); Heuristic vehicle classification using inductive signatures on freeways (Sun, C and Ritchie, SG).

Download or read book What Value May Geographic Information Systems Add to the Art of Identifying Crash Countermeasures written by John S. Miller and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geographic Info. Systems (GIS) can be employed to relate, organize, and analyze roadway and crash data, thereby facilitating crash countermeasure identification and evaluation. GIS cannot, however, replace the role of the local analyst as a problem solver who needs to interpret results and recommend engineering, enforcement, or educ. improvements. Using the PC-based Micro Traffic Records System (MTRS), a software packaged employed in Virginia that records crashes at either a specific intersection or between 2 cross streets, it was possible to place 82% of the MTRS crash locations within a GIS. Without crashes that were demarcated at ¿private property¿ locations, the placement rate climbs to 94% for intersection locations. Illus.

Download or read book Technologies for Improving Safety Data written by Jennifer Harper Ogle and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2007 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Technologies for Improving Safety Data explores new technologies for the acquisition, processing, and overall management of crash, roadway inventory, and traffic operations data. The report examines the current state-of-the-practice and state-of-the-art use of technologies for efficient and effective collection and maintenance of data for highway safety analysis." -- publisher's website.

Download or read book Roadway Safety Tools for Local Agencies written by Eugene Madison Wilson and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2003 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 321: Roadway Safety Tools for Local Agencies examines the safety tools and procedures that are practical and relatively easy to apply, and that can be implemented by agencies with limited financial support and personnel. Recognizing the wide variation in the operations and responsibilities of local agencies, the report acknowledges that the level of expertise in transportation safety analysis also varies greatly.

Download or read book Spatial Scale of Clustering of Motor Vehicle Crash Types and Appropriate Countermeasures written by Tim Strauss and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project analyzes the characteristics and spatial distributions of motor vehicle crash types in order to evaluate the degree and scale of their spatial clustering. Crashes occur as the result of a variety of vehicle, roadway, and human factors and thus vary in their clustering behavior. Clustering can occur at a variety of scales, from the intersection level, to the corridor level, to the area level. Conversely, other crash types are less linked to geographic factors and are more spatially "random." The degree and scale of clustering have implications for the use of strategies to promote transportation safety. In this project, Iowa's crash database, geographic information systems, and recent advances in spatial statistics methodologies and software tools were used to analyze the degree and spatial scale of clustering for several crash types within the counties of the Iowa Northland Regional Council of Governments. A statistical measure called the K function was used to analyze the clustering behavior of crashes. Several methodological issues, related to the application of this spatial statistical technique in the context of motor vehicle crashes on a road network, were identified and addressed. These methods facilitated the identification of crash clusters at appropriate scales of analysis for each crash type. This clustering information is useful for improving transportation safety through focused countermeasures directly linked to crash causes and the spatial extent of identified problem locations, as well as through the identification of less location-based crash types better suited to non-spatial countermeasures. The results of the K function analysis point to the usefulness of the procedure in identifying the degree and scale at which crashes cluster, or do not cluster, relative to each other. Moreover, for many individual crash types, different patterns and processes and potentially different countermeasures appeared at different scales of analysis. This finding highlights the importance of scale consideration in problem identification and countermeasure formulation.

Download or read book Using GIS in the Analysis of Truck Crashes Summary Report Highway Safety Information System written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bayesian Statistical Modelling written by P. Congdon and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of modelling applications from a Bayesian perspective including a range of methodolgies and modelling techniques. Markov Chain and Monte Carlo methods are covered. Worked examples from the health and social sciences are presented.

Download or read book Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Global status report on road safety 2015, reflecting information from 180 countries, indicates that worldwide the total number of road traffic deaths has plateaued at 1.25 million per year, with the highest road traffic fatality rates in low-income countries. In the last three years, 17 countries have aligned at least one of their laws with best practice on seat-belts, drink-driving, speed, motorcycle helmets or child restraints. While there has been progress towards improving road safety legislation and in making vehicles safer, the report shows that the pace of change is too slow. Urgent action is needed to achieve the ambitious target for road safety reflected in the newly adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: halving the global number of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2020. Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies, this report is the third in the series, and provides a snapshot of the road safety situation globally, highlighting the gaps and the measures needed to best drive progress."--Publisher's description.

Download or read book A GIS Safety Study and a County level Spatial Analysis of Crashes in the State of Florida written by Ali Lotfi Darwiche and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research conducted in this thesis consists of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based safety study and a spatial analysis of vehicle crashes in the State of Florida. The GIS safety study is comprised of a County and Roadway Level GIS analysis of multilane corridors. The spatial analysis investigated the use of county-level vehicle crash models, taking spatial effects into account. The GIS safety study examines the locations of high trends of severe crashes (includes incapacitating and fatal crashes) on multilane corridors in the State of Florida at two levels, county level and roadway level. The GIS tool, which is used frequently in traffic safety research, was utilized to visually display those locations. At the county level, several maps of crash trends were generated. It was found that counties with high population and large metropolitan areas tend to have more crash occurrences. It was also found that the most severe crashes occurred in counties with more urban than rural roads. The neighboring counties of Pasco, Pinellas and Hillsborough had high severe crash rate per mile. At the roadway level, seven counties were chosen for the analysis based on their high severe crash trends, metropolitan size and geographical location. Several GIS maps displaying the safety level of multilane corridors in the seven counties were generated. The GIS maps were based on a ranking methodology that was developed in research that evaluated the safety condition of road segments and signalized intersections separately. The GIS maps were supported by Excel tables which provided details on the most hazardous locations on the roadways. The results of the roadway level analysis found that the worst corridors were located in Pasco, Pinellas and Hillsborough Counties. Also, a sliding window approach was developed and performed on the ten most hazardous corridors of the seven counties. The results were graphs locating the most dangerous 0.5 miles on a corridor. For the spatial analysis of crashes, the exploratory Moran's I statistic test revealed that crash related spatial clustering existed at the county level. For crash modeling, a full Bayesian (FB) hierarchical model is proposed to account for the possible spatial correlation among crash occurrence of adjacent counties. The spatial correlation is realized by specifying a Conditional Auto-regressive prior to the residual term of the link function in standard Poisson regression. Two FB models were developed, one for total crashes and one for severe crashes. The variables used include traffic related factors and socio-economic factors. Counties with higher road congestion levels, higher densities of arterials and intersections, higher percentage of population in the 15-24 age group and higher income levels have increased crash risk. Road congestion and higher education levels, however, were negatively correlated with the risk of severe crashes. The analysis revealed that crash related spatial correlation existed among the counties. The FB models were found to fit the data better than traditional methods such as Negative Binomial and that is primarily due to the existence of spatial correlation. Overall, this study provides the Transportation Agencies with specific information on where improvements must be implemented to have better safety conditions on the roads of Florida. The study also proves that neighboring counties are more likely to have similar crash trends than the more distant ones.

Download or read book Statistical Analysis of Crash Data written by Karim El-Basyouny and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While motorized travel provides many benefits, it can also do serious harm in the form of road-related crashes. The problem could be addressed thorough several approaches with engineering initiatives being recognized as the most sustainable and cost effective. Still, the success of the engineering approaches in reducing crash occurrences hinges upon the existence of reliable statistical methods that can provide accurate estimates of safety. However, it was not until recently that advances in statistical modeling techniques have facilitated the fitting of more advanced models to accurately estimate the safety of a road entity. This book, therefore, makes use of these new statistical tools to propose several novel models and methods to analyze crash data. The proposed techniques introduce novel statistical approaches that hold great promise in improving our understanding of the factors that affect the occurrence of crashes. As such, the information in this book should be especially useful to academics and professionals in the traffic safety field, or anyone else who may be interested to know more about the basics, concepts, and emerging methods in crash modeling.

Download or read book Network Analysis of Road Crash Frequency Using Spatial Models written by Jonathan Aguero Valverde and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toolbox of Highway Safety Strategies written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: