Download or read book Using Sediment DNA Archives for Interpreting Long term Cyanobacterial Dynamics in the Anthropocene written by Hebah Shaker Mejbel and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change and eutrophication, accelerated by anthropogenic activities, have impacted aquatic ecosystems worldwide. These impacts have stimulated the expansion of cyanobacterial blooms which pose severe threats to ecosystem functioning, environmental health, and the economy. However, the long-term effects of environmental change on bloom-forming cyanobacteria are not well understood as traditional paleolimnological approaches are of limited use in the reconstruction of cyanobacterial dynamics through time. Here, sediment DNA (sedDNA) was used to investigate long-term cyanobacterial trends using sediments from two experimental (fertilized L227 and acidified L223) and two reference (L224 and L442) lakes in the Experimental Lakes Area, Canada. First, to determine whether taxonomic bias might arise from the cyanobacterial sediment record, I performed a 1-year incubation experiment comparing the degradation rates of selected cyanobacterial genes under contrasting environmental conditions. Based on first-order linear decay models, Synechococcus sp. (Synechococcales) decayed the slowest under cold, anoxic conditions, followed by Trichormus (Nostocales), then Microcystis (Chroococcales), suggesting differential preservation of DNA. I then compared the quantitative performance of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) for the analysis of sedDNA and found that the ddPCR results were more consistent with the known history of the lakes. Furthermore, ddPCR showed that cyanobacterial abundance increased over the past century in all study lakes, but the greatest increase was observed in experimentally fertilized L227. HTS revealed shifts in the cyanobacterial community towards Nostocales dominance and a decrease in alpha diversity in response to phosphorus-only additions. An increase in abundance of the mcyE gene (indicative of microcystin producing taxa) was uniquely observed in L227 when nitrogen additions ceased. Heating degree days were important in explaining variation in the cyanobacterial community composition in all lakes, but nutrients had a greater influence on the L227 community. When sediment data were compared to historical surface water phytoplankton records, moderate to strong correlations between the two archives were found, validating the use of sedDNA. This research demonstrated that sedDNA can elucidate cyanobacterial trends at the community, population, and species level over multidecadal timescales in response to environmental change.
Download or read book Sedimentary DNA based Reconstruction of Cyanobacterial Communities from Lake Tiefer See NE Germany for the Last 11 000 Years written by Ebuka Canisius Nwosu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change and human-driven eutrophication promote the spread of harmful cyanobacteria blooms in lakes worldwide, which affects water quality and impairs the aquatic food chain. In recent times, sedimentary ancient DNA-based (sedaDNA) studies were used to probe how centuries of climate and environmental changes have affected cyanobacterial assemblages in temperate lakes. However, there is a lack of information on the consistency between sediment-deposited cyanobacteria communities versus those of the water column, and on the individual role of natural climatic changes versus human pressure on cyanobacteria community dynamics over multi-millennia time scales. Therefore, this thesis uses sedimentary ancient DNA of Lake Tiefer See in northeastern Germany to trace the deposition of cyanobacteria along the water column into the sediment, and to reconstruct cyanobacteria communities spanning the last 11,000 years using a set of molecular techniques including quantitative PCR, biomarkers, metabarcoding, and metagenome sequence analyses. ...
Download or read book Temporal Trends in Cyanobacteria Through Paleo Genetic Analyses written by William Dodsworth and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing eutrophication and climate change, temperate lakes are experiencing conditions favoring cyanobacterial dominance, leading to toxic blooms. However, the relative importance of these two factors remains unclear, due to a lack of historical records. This thesis analyzed sediment DNA from four lakes in Central Ontario to quantify trends over the past ~ 200 years in bacteria, cyanobacteria, and microcystin toxins through ddPCR of target genes. Climate related variables explained a small amount of variation. However, lakes with more development exhibited significant increases in cyanobacterial dominance, indicating regime shifts not occurring in less developed lakes. These shifts were likely driven by nutrient loading in concert with climate change. Sediment cores were also compared within a single multi-basin lake to determine the effect of depth and morphometry on DNA preservation. Sites of greater depth (20 m +) were more conducive to long-term DNA preservation and sheltered morphometry increased sediment DNA deposition.
Download or read book Numerical Ecology with R written by Daniel Borcard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of Numerical Ecology with R guides readers through an applied exploration of the major methods of multivariate data analysis, as seen through the eyes of three ecologists. It provides a bridge between a textbook of numerical ecology and the implementation of this discipline in the R language. The book begins by examining some exploratory approaches. It proceeds logically with the construction of the key building blocks of most methods, i.e. association measures and matrices, and then submits example data to three families of approaches: clustering, ordination and canonical ordination. The last two chapters make use of these methods to explore important and contemporary issues in ecology: the analysis of spatial structures and of community diversity. The aims of methods thus range from descriptive to explanatory and predictive and encompass a wide variety of approaches that should provide readers with an extensive toolbox that can address a wide palette of questions arising in contemporary multivariate ecological analysis. The second edition of this book features a complete revision to the R code and offers improved procedures and more diverse applications of the major methods. It also highlights important changes in the methods and expands upon topics such as multiple correspondence analysis, principal response curves and co-correspondence analysis. New features include the study of relationships between species traits and the environment, and community diversity analysis. This book is aimed at professional researchers, practitioners, graduate students and teachers in ecology, environmental science and engineering, and in related fields such as oceanography, molecular ecology, agriculture and soil science, who already have a background in general and multivariate statistics and wish to apply this knowledge to their data using the R language, as well as people willing to accompany their disciplinary learning with practical applications. People from other fields (e.g. geology, geography, paleoecology, phylogenetics, anthropology, the social and education sciences, etc.) may also benefit from the materials presented in this book. Users are invited to use this book as a teaching companion at the computer. All the necessary data files, the scripts used in the chapters, as well as extra R functions and packages written by the authors of the book, are available online (URL: http://adn.biol.umontreal.ca/~numericalecology/numecolR/).
Download or read book Pollution of Lakes and Rivers written by John P. Smol and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition, Pollution of Lakes and Rivers provides essential insights into present-day water quality problems from an international perspective. Explains simply and effectively how lake sediments can be used to reconstruct pollution history Includes over 200 additional references and a new chapter on recent climatic change and its effects on water quality and quantity Tackles present-day water quality problems from an international perspective Previously published by Hodder Arnold PowerPoint slides of the artwork from the book are available from: http://post.queensu.ca/~pearl/textbook.htm Reviews: "This is a very well-written and wide-ranging volume that is both instructive and topical. It is likely to prove useful as an introduction to the general area, a reference source and for teaching purposes." (The Holocene, November 2008) "If you thought that paleolimnology was just mud, pollen, and diatoms then you will likely be both struck by the complexity of this field of research and grateful that John Smol, FRSC, has described it so clearly and broadly. Simply put, the second edition is an excellent book." ( Journal of Phycology, 2008) “This is a useful text. It provides a good level of detail so that the beginner in this area can appreciate what palaeolimnology can (and cannot) achieve. It goes beyond the simple introduction to provide a detailed understanding of how techniques can be applied ... This is a different take on the usual pollution text and would be of great use to those wishing to understand more from sedimentary records.” Taken from the British Ecological Society’s Teaching Ecology website "John Smol has extensive experience in this field of paleoenvironmental research which he combines well with his excellent written communication skills to produce a text that is easy to read but also thought provoking." (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2009) “The breadth of coverage in this text is impressive.” (Lake and Reservoir Management, 2009) “If I could speak with fluidity and clarity in my lectures as consistently as John Smol writes my students would be very grateful.” (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2009)
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Download or read book Water Quality for Ecosystem and Human Health written by Geneviève M. Carr and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2008 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is intended to provide an overview of the major components of surface and ground water quality and how these relate to ecosystem and human health. Local, regional and global assessments of water quality monitoring data are used to illustrate key features of aquatic environments, and to demonstrate how human activities on the landscape can influence water quality in both positive and negative ways. Clear and concise background knowledge on water quality can serve to support other water assessments.
Download or read book Ecology of Cyanobacteria II written by Brian A. Whitton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-05 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacteria have existed for 3.5 billion years, yet they are still the most important photosynthetic organisms on the planet for cycling carbon and nitrogen. The ecosystems where they have key roles range from the warmer oceans to many Antarctic sites. They also include dense nuisance growths in nutrient-rich lakes and nitrogen-fixers which aid the fertility of rice-fields and many soils, especially the biological soil crusts of arid regions. Molecular biology has in recent years provided major advances in our understanding of cyanobacterial ecology. Perhaps for more than any other group of organisms, it is possible to see how the ecology, physiology, biochemistry, ultrastructure and molecular biology interact. This all helps to deal with practical problems such as the control of nuisance blooms and the use of cyanobacterial inocula to manage semi-desert soils. Large-scale culture of several organisms, especially "Spirulina" (Arthrospira), for health food and specialist products is increasingly being expanded for a much wider range of uses. In view of their probable contribution to past oil deposits, much attention is currently focused on their potential as a source of biofuel. Please visit http://extras.springer.com/ to view Extra Materials belonging to this volume. This book complements the highly successful Ecology of Cyanobacteria and integrates the discoveries of the past twelve years with the older literature.
Download or read book Lake Go ci Central Poland written by Magdalena Ralska-Jasiewiczowa and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polen - Vegetationsgeschichte - Spätglazial.
Download or read book Stable Isotope Ecology written by Brian Fry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-15 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A solid introduction to stable isotopes that can also be used as an instructive review for more experienced researchers and professionals. The book approaches the use of isotopes from the perspective of ecological and biological research, but its concepts can be applied within other disciplines. A novel, step-by-step spreadsheet modeling approach is also presented for circulating tracers in any ecological system, including any favorite system an ecologist might dream up while sitting at a computer. The author’s humorous and lighthearted style painlessly imparts the principles of isotope ecology. The online material contains color illustrations, spreadsheet models, technical appendices, and problems and answers.
Download or read book Plankton of Inland Waters written by Gene E. Likens and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-05-20 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A derivative of the Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, Plankton of Inland Waters covers protists, bacteria, fungi, algae, and zooplankton as well as the functional and system interactions of planktonic and attached forms in aquatic ecosystems. Because the articles are drawn from an encyclopedia, the articles are easily accessible to interested members of the public, such as conservationists and environmental decision makers. - Includes an up-to-date summary of global aquatic ecosystems and issues - Covers current environmental problems and management solutions - Features full-color figures and tables to support the text and aid in understanding
Download or read book Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic and Waste Systems written by Nduka Okafor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-21 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book places the main actors in environmental microbiology, namely the microorganisms, on center stage. Using the modern approach of 16S ribosomal RNA, the book looks at the taxonomy of marine and freshwater bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, and the smaller aquatic animals such as nematodes and rotifers, as well as at the study of unculturable aquatic microorganisms (metagenomics). The peculiarities of water as an environment for microbial growth, and the influence of aquatic microorganisms on global climate and global recycling of nitrogen and sulphur are also examined. The pollution of water is explored in the context of self-purification of natural waters. Modern municipal water purification and disease transmission through water are discussed. Alternative methods for solid waste disposal are related to the economic capability of a society. Viruses are given special attention. By focusing on the basics, this primer will appeal across a wide range of disciplines.
Download or read book Biodiversity and Human Health written by Francesca Grifo and published by Island Press. This book was released on 1997-02-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The implications of biodiversity loss for the global environment have been widely discussed, but only recently has attention been paid to its direct and serious effects on human health. Biodiversity loss affects the spread of human diseases, causes a loss of medical models, diminishes the supplies of raw materials for drug discovery and biotechnology, and threatens food production and water quality. Biodiversity and Human Health brings together leading thinkers on the global environment and biomedicine to explore the human health consequences of the loss of biological diversity. Based on a two-day conference sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Smithsonian Institution, the book opens a dialogue among experts from the fields of public health, biology, epidemiology, botany, ecology, demography, and pharmacology on this vital but often neglected concern. Contributors discuss the uses and significance of biodiversity to the practice of medicine today, and develop strategies for conservation of these critical resources. Topics examined include: the causes and consequences of biodiversity loss emerging infectious diseases and the loss of biodiversity the significance and use of both prescription and herbal biodiversity-derived remedies indigenous and local peoples and their health care systems sustainable use of biodiversity for medicine an agenda for the future In addition to the editors, contributors include Anthony Artuso, Byron Bailey, Jensa Bell, Bhaswati Bhattacharya, Michael Boyd, Mary S. Campbell, Eric Chivian, Paul Cox, Gordon Cragg, Andrew Dobson, Kate Duffy-Mazan, Robert Engelman, Paul Epstein, Alexandra S. Fairfield, John Grupenhoff, Daniel Janzen, Catherine A. Laughin, Katy Moran, Robert McCaleb, Thomas Mays, David Newman, Charles Peters, Walter Reid, and John Vandermeer. The book provides a common framework for physicians and biomedical researchers who wish to learn more about environmental concerns, and for members of the environmental community who desire a greater understanding of biomedical issues.
Download or read book Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms written by Patricia M. Glibert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-26 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) - blooms that cause fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, or cause human or ecological health impacts and harm to local economies - are occurring more often, in more places and lasting longer than in past decades. This expansion is primarily the result of human activities, through increased nutrient inputs and various aspects of climate change. The Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) programme promoted international collaboration to understand HAB population dynamics in various oceanographic regimes and to improve the prediction of HABs. This volume introduces readers to the overarching framework of the GEOHAB programme, factors contributing to the global expansion of harmful algal blooms, the complexities of HABs in different habitats, and the forward-looking issues to be tackled by the next generation of GEOHAB, GlobalHAB. The programme brought together an international team of contributing scientists and ecosystem managers, and its outcomes will greatly benefit the international research community.
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Climate change Unpacking the burden on food safety written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-03-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is causing unprecedented damage to our ecosystem. Increasing temperatures, ocean warming and acidification, severe droughts, wildfires, altered precipitation patterns, melting glaciers, rising sea levels and amplification of extreme weather events have direct implications for our food systems. While the impacts of such environmental factors on food security are well known, the effects on food safety receive less attention. The purpose of Climate change: Unpacking the burden on food safety is to identify and attempt to quantify some current and anticipated food safety issues that are associated with climate change. The food safety hazards considered in the publication are foodborne pathogens and parasites, harmful algal blooms, pesticides, mycotoxins and heavy metals with emphasis on methylmercury. There is also, a dedicated section on the benefits of forward-looking approaches such as horizon scanning and foresight, which will not only aid in anticipating future challenges in a shifting global food safety landscape, but also help build resilient food systems that can be continually updated as more knowledge is assimilated. By building a more widespread and better understanding of the consequences climate change has on food safety, it is hoped that this document will aid in fostering stronger international cooperation in making our food safer by reducing the global burden of these concerns.
Download or read book Coral Bleaching written by Madeleine J. H. van Oppen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most serious consequences of global climate change for coral reefs is the increased frequency and severity of mass coral bleaching events and, since the first edition of this volume was published in 2009, there have been additional mass coral bleaching events. This book provides comprehensive information on the causes and consequences of coral bleaching for coral reef ecosystems, from the genes and microbes involved in the bleaching response, to individual coral colonies and whole reef systems. It presents detailed analyses of how coral bleaching can be detected and quantified and reviews future scenarios based on modeling efforts and the potential mechanisms of acclimatisation and adaptation. It also briefly discusses emerging research areas that focus on the development of innovative interventions aiming to increase coral climate resilience and restore reefs.
