Download or read book Using Option Market Liquidity to Predict REIT Leverage Changes written by Paul Borochin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent literature has shown that liquidity is important in explaining price effects for firms and firm decisions. For example, see Morellec (2001) and Bharath et al (2009). We follow and extend that literature by looking at the liquidity of market based options to forecast REIT capital structure changes. REITs, unlike typical listed firms, tend to have high leverage and a more dynamic capital structure because of regulation. Thus, understanding potential management behavior could be important to investors. By looking at actions of the managers as revealed through the liquidity in the option's market, we are able to estimate what REIT managers are likely to do in terms of future capital structure changes. We do so using option data which update at higher frequency than traditional accounting characteristics. Our results are similar to those of Borochin and Yang (2015) who study this issue for non-REIT firms. We find that REITs with higher historical volatility or lower option market liquidity (as measured by number of daily unique call options, daily call open interest, and daily volume of option traded0 are less likely to increase leverage in the following quarter. REITs with higher option liquidity or lower realized volatility are more likely to increase net long-term debt (issuing more debt or retire less debt) in the following quarter.
Download or read book Option Market Based Predictors of REIT Leverage Changes written by Paul Borochin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We create market-based measures from options data to predict changes in REIT capital structure. REIT capital structure differs from that of typical listed firms: REITs have high leverage ratios of about 50 percent, their use of short-term debt is higher and more volatile, and debt issuance and reduction are much higher and more volatile than the typical Compustat universe. Given that REITs have high leverage and a volatile capital structure, predicting REIT capital structure change should be valuable. We do so using market-based measures which update at higher frequency than traditional accounting characteristics.Realized volatility and forward-looking risk expectations from option prices are significant predictors of both debt and equity issuance in REITs. Realized volatility is also a significant predictor of net changes in REIT leverage. Consistent with Borochin and Yang (2015), we find that REITs with higher historical volatility or fewer option contracts are less likely to increase leverage in the following quarter. Increases in the perception of REIT equity risk, measured by the spread between implied and realized volatilities, are negatively associated with equity issuance. The spread between call and put volatilities, a measure of expected REIT performance, is correlated with future debt issuance. Our explanation for these behaviors is that REIT managers use market information about risk as an input into their capital structure decisions.
Download or read book Measuring and Explaining Changes in REIT Liquidity written by Jim Clayton and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates changes in REIT liquidity since the REIT boom of 1993. In contrast to previous research that investigates liquidity via the bid/ask spread, we examine the impact of trades on REIT share price movements. In the first part of the paper, we use trade by trade data for REITs traded on the major U.S. exchanges to estimate and compare Kyle's (1985) measure of inverse liquidity for the 1993 and 1996 time periods. For our full sample of equity REITs, there is a significant increase in REIT liquidity in terms of the median price impact of trades. The increasing importance of the quot;self-advised/self-managedquot; organizational structure is found to be a major factor driving increased REIT liquidity. Our results imply a decline in the asymmetric information faced by market makers and, therefore a reduction in the adverse selection costs of trading. The second part of the paper seeks to explain the factors driving the shift in the information environment in which REITs trade. Our investigation of the changes in the size distribution and resulting price impacts of REIT trades over the 1993-1996 period yields evidence of increased importance of informed traders to REIT price dynamics. By itself, the presence of more informed traders should decrease REIT liquidity. Our findings of increased liquidity, however, indicate that the increase in adverse selection costs due to the presence of more informed traders is more than offset by the increase in market thickness as a result of an increase in the number of uninformed (liquidity) traders.
Download or read book Asset Prices and Monetary Policy written by John Y. Campbell and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-11-15 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic growth, low inflation, and financial stability are among the most important goals of policy makers, and central banks such as the Federal Reserve are key institutions for achieving these goals. In Asset Prices and Monetary Policy, leading scholars and practitioners probe the interaction of central banks, asset markets, and the general economy to forge a new understanding of the challenges facing policy makers as they manage an increasingly complex economic system. The contributors examine how central bankers determine their policy prescriptions with reference to the fluctuating housing market, the balance of debt and credit, changing beliefs of investors, the level of commodity prices, and other factors. At a time when the public has never been more involved in stocks, retirement funds, and real estate investment, this insightful book will be useful to all those concerned with the current state of the economy.
Download or read book Real Estate Finance written by C. F. Sirmans and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Closed end Fund Discount written by Elroy Dimson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Empirical Analysis of Liquidity written by Craig Holden and published by Now Publishers. This book was released on 2014-11-28 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We provide a synthesis of the empirical evidence on market liquidity. The liquidity measurement literature has established standard measures of liquidity that apply to broad categories of market microstructure data. Specialized measures of liquidity have been developed to deal with data limitations in specific markets, to provide proxies from daily data, and to assess institutional trading programs. The general liquidity literature has established local cross-sectional patterns, global cross-sectional patterns, and time-series patterns.
Download or read book Alternative Investments A Primer for Investment Professionals written by Donald R. Chambers and published by CFA Institute Research Foundation. This book was released on 2018 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative Investments: A Primer for Investment Professionals provides an overview of alternative investments for institutional asset allocators and other overseers of portfolios containing both traditional and alternative assets. It is designed for those with substantial experience regarding traditional investments in stocks and bonds but limited familiarity regarding alternative assets, alternative strategies, and alternative portfolio management. The primer categorizes alternative assets into four groups: hedge funds, real assets, private equity, and structured products/derivatives. Real assets include vacant land, farmland, timber, infrastructure, intellectual property, commodities, and private real estate. For each group, the primer provides essential information about the characteristics, challenges, and purposes of these institutional-quality alternative assets in the context of a well-diversified institutional portfolio. Other topics addressed by this primer include tail risk, due diligence of the investment process and operations, measurement and management of risks and returns, setting return expectations, and portfolio construction. The primer concludes with a chapter on the case for investing in alternatives.
Download or read book Fair Value Measurements written by International Accounting Standards Board and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book REITs written by David M. Einhorn and published by Law Journal Seminars Press. This book was released on 2017-12-28 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides essential discussion of how the customs of corporate and real estate transactions differ and how conflicts involving letters of intent and contingencies to the deal can be resolved.
Download or read book The Efficient Market Theory and Evidence written by Andrew Ang and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2011 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) asserts that, at all times, the price of a security reflects all available information about its fundamental value. The implication of the EMH for investors is that, to the extent that speculative trading is costly, speculation must be a loser's game. Hence, under the EMH, a passive strategy is bound eventually to beat a strategy that uses active management, where active management is characterized as trading that seeks to exploit mispriced assets relative to a risk-adjusted benchmark. The EMH has been refined over the past several decades to reflect the realism of the marketplace, including costly information, transactions costs, financing, agency costs, and other real-world frictions. The most recent expressions of the EMH thus allow a role for arbitrageurs in the market who may profit from their comparative advantages. These advantages may include specialized knowledge, lower trading costs, low management fees or agency costs, and a financing structure that allows the arbitrageur to undertake trades with long verification periods. The actions of these arbitrageurs cause liquid securities markets to be generally fairly efficient with respect to information, despite some notable anomalies.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Finance written by Cheng-Few Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-27 with total page 861 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a major new reference work covering all aspects of finance. Coverage includes finance (financial management, security analysis, portfolio management, financial markets and instruments, insurance, real estate, options and futures, international finance) and statistical applications in finance (applications in portfolio analysis, option pricing models and financial research). The project is designed to attract both an academic and professional market. It also has an international approach to ensure its maximum appeal. The Editors' wish is that the readers will find the encyclopedia to be an invaluable resource.
Download or read book Market Liquidity written by Thierry Foucault and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The process by which securities are traded is very different from the idealized picture of a frictionless and self-equilibrating market offered by the typical finance textbook. This book offers a more accurate and authoritative take on this process. The book starts from the assumption that not everyone is present at all times simultaneously on the market, and that participants have quite diverse information about the security's fundamentals. As a result, the order flow is a complex mix of information and noise, and a consensus price only emerges gradually over time as the trading process evolves and the participants interpret the actions of other traders. Thus, a security's actual transaction price may deviate from its fundamental value, as it would be assessed by a fully informed set of investors. The book takes these deviations seriously, and explains why and how they emerge in the trading process and are eventually eliminated. The authors draw on a vast body of theoretical insights and empirical findings on security price formation that have come to form a well-defined field within financial economics known as "market microstructure." Focusing on liquidity and price discovery, the book analyzes the tension between the two, pointing out that when price-relevant information reaches the market through trading pressure rather than through a public announcement, liquidity may suffer. It also confronts many striking phenomena in securities markets and uses the analytical tools and empirical methods of market microstructure to understand them. These include issues such as why liquidity changes over time and differs across securities, why large trades move prices up or down, and why these price changes are subsequently reversed, and why we observe temporary deviations from asset fair values"--
Download or read book International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards written by and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2004 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding China s Real Estate Markets written by Bing Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s economy has been transforming rapidly over the last 25 years. As a result, Chinese conurbations have changed remarkably, with cities expanding both vertically and horizontally, and the physical environment acting as a medium for unprecedented urbanization. This has provided vast opportunities for investors, real estate developers, and service companies, but also presents huge challenges—as traditional city spaces have been reconfigured, environmental risks and the volatility of real estate markets increased. However, as engagement with China is becoming strategically important for many, forming a synthesized lens through which to read China across the vicissitudes of its real estate sector bears historic significance. By offering an insightful framework and structure for understanding China’s variegated real estate dynamics, players, and markets, Understanding China’s Real Estate Markets codifies the principles and practices of real estate development, finance, and investment in China and builds foundations for future academic research and practical knowledge in shaping and engaging the urban environment within China and beyond.
Download or read book Slow Moving Capital written by Mark Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study three cases in which specialized arbitrageurs lost significant amounts of capital and, as a result, became liquidity demanders rather than providers. The effects on security markets were large and persistent: Prices dropped relative to fundamentals and the rebound took months. While multi-strategy hedge funds who were not capital constrained increased their positions, a large fraction of these funds actually acted as net sellers consistent with the view that information barriers within a firm (not just relative to outside investors) can lead to capital constraints for trading desks with mark-to-market losses. Our findings suggest that real world frictions impede arbitrage capital.
Download or read book Commercial Real Estate written by David Geltner and published by South Western Educational Publishing. This book was released on 2014 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rev. ed. of: Commercial real estate analysis and investments / David M. Geltner ... [et al.]. Mason, Ohio: Thompson South-Western, c2007.
