Download or read book Using Non Linear Tests to Examine Integration between Real Estate and Stock Markets written by John Okunev and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study we present an alternative approach to test whether the real estate and stock markets are cointegrated. We develop a nonlinear test which allows for a stochastic trend term as opposed to a deterministic drift term. This is a reasonable approach, because if the real estate market is related to the stock market then it is desirable to incorporate the stochastic nature of the stock market into the model. We compare the results of the nonlinear model to the results obtained using conventional cointegration tests. The cointegration results support the view that the real estate and stock markets are segmented, whereas the nonlinear model supports the view that the markets are fractionally integrated. A possible reason for this apparent discrepancy between the results could be due to the underlying assumption of a linear relationship between the variables. It is possible that the tests of cointegration will reject that the two variables are related even though the relationship may be nonlinear.

Download or read book Using Non linear Tests to Examine Integration Between Real Estate and Equity Markets written by John Okunev and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Causal Relationship between Real Estate and Stock Markets written by John Okunev and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the dynamic relationship that exists between the US real estate and Samp;P 500 stock markets between the years of 1972 to 1998. This is achieved by conducting both linear and nonlinear casuality tests. The results from these tests provide a number of interesting observations which primarily show linear relationships to be spuriously affected by structural shifts which are inherent within the data. Linear test results generally show a uni-directional relationship to exist from the real estate market to the stock market. However, these results are not consistent with financial theory and for all sub-samples of the data. In contrast, the nonlinear causality test shows a strong unidirectional relationship running from the stock market to the real estate market, and is consistent in the presence of any structural breaks.

Download or read book Risk Analysis and Portfolio Modelling written by Elisa Luciano and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial Risk Measurement is a challenging task, because both the types of risk and the techniques evolve very quickly. This book collects a number of novel contributions to the measurement of financial risk, which address either non-fully explored risks or risk takers, and does so in a wide variety of empirical contexts.

Download or read book An Asian Direct and Indirect Real Estate Investment Analysis written by Kim Hin David HO and published by Partridge Publishing Singapore. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to real estate scholastic work, in advancing the greater understanding of real estate investment analysis. This is because there has been limited research in bringing out clearly the uncertainty or risk, which is quantifiable uncertainty in real estate market analysis. Even real estate market research, which is carried out as an industry practice among private real estate researches, is no exception. Another reason is that it has been widely accepted that while the financial revolution has substantially changed many sectors of the financial industry, it has made little impact on real estate development and investment practice as Ill as scholastic work. Furthermore, while it is readily acknowledged that despite its huge share in the world Ialth, real estate investment discipline and research is on the whole still a poorly researched subject area. As a result, the industry tends to be dominated by traditional real estate analysts with little understanding of real estate market uncertainty and capital markets. These commentators are widely regarded to spend too much time worrying about local space supply and demand conditions, while totally losing sight of the everchanging real estate market and capital market conditions. The theme of this book is real estate investment analysis of direct and indirect real, which in turn can be appropriately managed under economic theory and the theoretical conceptions of real estate finance, provided the uncertainty is quantifiable. The book deploys case studies involving Singapore and Asia. This Black over White background viii framework enables real estate market analysis to attempt what defines the Asian direct and indirect real estate sectors; what is being measured; how it behaves (in terms of price and non-price factors); how it is structured and how it effectively achieves the objectives of sustainable total returns and manageable real estate market uncertainty. Managing real estate market uncertainty optimally is achieved at the portfolio level through real estate asset allocation. This is important because the real estate portfolio is able to virtually eliminate the unique (i.e. specific) uncertainties among the various Asian real estate sectors; thus retaining within the portfolio only the systemic (i.e. market-wide) uncertainty. Apart from real estate asset allocation, the alternative and modern approach to risk management at the portfolio level, is the value-at-risk (VaR) approach. Another modern and important alternative to coping with uncertainty is real option analysis and pricing that help to better define real estate market uncertainty in extent and time. Real option analysis and pricing also represent uncertainty via a decision tree and the risk-neutral probability conception, in order to comprehend how uncertainty impacts on the value of real estate investment decisions. The pricing of uncertainty is based on the risk-free hedge security conception. These are best examined at the micro level of the investment in a real estate development opportunity on vacant land. Nevertheless, the real estate sectors in Singapore and Asia offer promising prospects since the Asian currency crisis of 1997. It is now timely to take stock and make an assessment of how the sectors would pan out for the future, Ill into at least rest the next century. I are very pleased to present our thinking and research in international real estate with particular emphasis on Asia. The region’s vast potential for real estate is itself a large incentive for international real estate research and education that has inspired me to document the significant work I have done over the years. Black over White background ix I wish all readers a pleasurable reading of this book, and I thank you sincerely for your support without which the publication of this book would be made all the more difficult. Dr HO, Kim Hin / David Honorary Professor (University of Hertfordshire, UK) (International Real Estate & Public Policy) March 2021.

Download or read book Empirical Finance written by Shigeyuki Hamori and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no denying the role of empirical research in finance and the remarkable progress of empirical techniques in this research field. This Special Issue focuses on the broad topic of “Empirical Finance” and includes novel empirical research associated with financial data. One example includes the application of novel empirical techniques, such as machine learning, data mining, wavelet transform, copula analysis, and TV-VAR, to financial data. The Special Issue includes contributions on empirical finance, such as algorithmic trading, market efficiency, market microstructure, portfolio theory and asset allocation, asset pricing models, liquidity risk premium, currency crisis, return predictability, and volatility modeling.

Download or read book Return Distributions in Finance written by Stephen Satchell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-12-08 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative methods have revolutionised the area of trading, regulation, risk management, portfolio construction, asset pricing and treasury activities, and governmental activity such as central banking. One of the original contributions in this area is the classic by Cootner entitled 'The Random Nature of Stock Market Prices'. This work investigated the statistical properties of asset prices and was one of the first works to investigate this area in a rigorous manner. Much has happened in this field in the last 35 years and 'Return Distributions in Finance' contains much new information that reflects this huge growth. The authors combined experience reflects not only the new theory but also the new practice in this fascinating area. The rise of financial engineering now allows us to change the nature of asset returns to whatever pattern we desire, albeit at a cost. Benefits and costs can only be understood if we understand the underlying processes. 'Return Distributions in Finance' allows us to gain that understanding. - Assists in understanding asset return distributions - Provides a full overview of financial risk management techniques in asset allocation - Demonstrates how to use asset return forecast applications

Download or read book Land Management Economics written by Kim Hin Ho and published by Partridge Publishing Singapore. This book was released on 2020-07-21 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with a unique, overall land policy optimization model, under active government policy, resulting in the sustainable effectiveness and efficiency of land policy. Such a model distinguishes it from the highly specific urban-planning land use optimization model, meant for optimizing land use specification, strategic land uses, land use restrictions and control, like zoning. Policy input is concerned with a hierarchical and structural definition of policy while ‘Additionality’ looks at land-policy output (outcome) variables, impacting broader land policy efficiency and effectiveness goals, their associated output indicators and the interaction with the macroeconomy. Long run urban policy-macroeconomy interaction is modeled in a contemporaneous cointegration model estimation, involving different sectors of the economy. The model looks at the equilibrium and optimal land-using economic activities. A dynamic interaction of land policy outcomes and their economic implications is discussed via cointegration tests and modelling. This book develops a rigorous system-dynamics-based computable general equilibrium model for direct real estate market uncertainty i.e. the frequent mismatch between office demand and supply under the impact of limited land constraint, the domestic common stock market, the macro economy and macroeconomic policy. Such dynamic interaction is structured under the demand-side and supply-side aspects. The book looks at the binomial option-pricing model by Cox, Ross and Rubinstein, to model the risk-neutral process for short term interest rates, common stock prices and Housing & Development Board (HDB) resale flat prices. Singapore’s Main Upgrading Program (MUP) is a heavily subsidized and highly targeted. Since 1992, the HDB has budgeted some S$3 billion to finance the MUP policy. A positive impact is the asset value enhancement of the HDB flats within the upgraded precincts. MUP subsidies vary significantly with the corresponding option premium. A 3-Room HDB flat owner is more inclined to opt for upgrading while the option premium is deemed to be less attractive for upgrading by the 4-Room HDB flat owner. Residents’ satisfaction level with town council (TC) services are examined, under different political parties. The concern is to ascertain a housing finance model, which analyzes the affordability of household borrowers for purchasing resale public housing. With Central Provident funds (CPF) usage, total interest paid over the loan life is significantly reduced. CPF as a financial buffer significantly reduce default risks for lender and household borrower.

Download or read book An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Legal Origin on the Performance of Property Stocks Within the Context of a Tactical Asset Allocation Strategy written by Christopher Shun and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2005-07-06 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of legal origin was first introduced in the Law and Finance Literature by La Porta et al. (1997) in an original study of legal determinants of external finance. Their study is timely given that investor protection is crucial because in many countries, expropriation of minority shareholders and creditors by controlling shareholders or corporate insiders is extensive. This dissertation intends to replicate the original La Porta et al. (1997) study for Property stocks in 23 countries whose legal jurisdictions falls into the four of the legal fraternities established by La Porta namely, English, French, German and Scandinavian. The primary motivations for this thesis, is that the Property stocks broadly captures several critical aspects of the original La Porta study. Specifically, Property stocks are very tangible assets that can easily be collateralised due to the direct property underpinning the net asset backing of Property stocks. The end result of this research endeavour is to provide a framework for institutional portfolio investors to determine the appropriate countries whose real estate markets have the most favourable investor climate to facilitate a more attractive environment for institutional investors given the Means Variance Optimisation (MVO) methodology. A tactical asset allocation strategy will be employed to determine the three stages that a global investor should undertake to arrive at the optimum proportions of funds to invest in Common stocks or Real Estate stocks in any country firstly based on an Emerging/Developed country analysis then secondly, a geographic Regional analysis and finally on Legal Origin analysis to distil the appropriate proportions of funds that should be invested. This Dissertation has three original contributions, which are as follows: 1) An Empirical investigation of role of Legal origin on the performance of Real Estate stocks within the context of a tactical asset allocation strategy. This dissertation studies the impact that Developed versus Emerging, Regional markets and Legal Origin jurisdictions have on the results of the optimal MVO portfolios (based on the highest Sharpe ratio) and presents the research findings of this study, at the Primary, Secondary and Tertiary levels. This dissertation is envisaged to fill the research gap between legal origin and the performance of Property stocks across four legal fraternities in 23 countries and make an original contribution in the Law & Finance and Portfolio Management Literature. 2) ACTIVE (Ex-Ante) versus PASSIVE (naïve) portfolio management strategy. The original contribution is the application of this methodology to property stocks specifically within a Legal Origin and Regional market framework. Data is collated from 1984 to 2003 (20 years inclusive) from 23 countries with specific reference to the Common and Real Estate stocks markets therein. A 5 year rolling Ex-Post analysis is computed to determine the optimum allocation weights in a multi-asset portfolio and subsequently an Ex-Ante analysis (next immediate year) of the portfolio weights applied to an Actively managed portfolio. This portfolio will be compared with actual portfolio performance from 1989 to 2002 (fifteen subsequent years) to determine whether the Ex-ANTE methodology which underpinned the Active management strategy is preferred over a Passive (equal investment in each asset class) strategy for real estate stocks portfolio management. The Ex-Ante analysis will be undertaken at two stages: Firstly, Legal Origin markets and Secondly, Regional markets. 3) A replication of the Gordon et al. (1995) study which determined the appropriate percentage based on the Markowitz Portfolio Theory (MPT) that should be invested in the Real Estate stock markets in 14 countries. The original contribution is the application of Gordon s methodology to the Legal Origin markets proposed by La Porta et al. (1997). This research study encompasses 23 c

Download or read book Finance Economics Readings written by Lee-Ming Tan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of the best papers presented at the 2017 installment of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Economics & Finance (APEF), which is held annually in Singapore. With a great number of submissions, it presents the latest research findings in economics and finance and discusses relevant issues in today's world. The book is a useful resource for readers who want access to economics, finance and business research focusing on the Asia-Pacific region.

Download or read book The Derivatives Sourcebook written by Terence Lim and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2006 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Derivatives Sourcebook is a citation study and classification system that organizes the many strands of the derivatives literature and assigns each citation to a category. Over 1800 research articles are collected and organized into a simple web-based searchable database. We have also included the 1997 Nobel lectures of Robert Merton and Myron Scholes as a backdrop to this literature.

Download or read book Education Management and Management Science written by Dawei Zheng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume contains selected papers presented at the 2014 International Conference on Education Management and Management Science (ICEMMS 2014), held August 7-8, 2014, in Tianjin, China. The objective of ICEMMS2014 is to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals from all over the wo

Download or read book Step Interventions and Market Integration written by Patrick J. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Market integration implies the existence of some long run equilibrium relationship between/amongst markets in such a way that the movements in one market are transmitted to movements in the other/s. It is an interesting observation of much of the literature regarding a possible relationship between real estate and stock markets that there is relatively scant attention given to the possible existence of structural breaks and the impact that such breaks may have on tests for market integration. In this paper we examine the issue of whether the stock markets and real estate markets are stationary or nonstationary in the presence of structural breaks. We adopt the techniques of Perron (1989), Zivot and Andrews (1992) and Perron and Vogelsang (1992). The Zivot- Andrews and Perron-Vogelsang techniques supported market segmentation by showing that the relevant series were integrated to different orders at varying breakpoints (hence implying that the series could not be cointegrated). The results also support the notion that property and equity markets are not integrated internationally. These outcomes, therefore, suggest that there may be risk reduction benefits to be derived from diversification across property and equity markets both domestically and internationally.

Download or read book Recent Econometric Techniques for Macroeconomic and Financial Data written by Gilles Dufrénot and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-21 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest econometric methods for studying the dynamics of macroeconomic and financial time series. It examines alternative methodological approaches and concepts, including quantile spectra and co-spectra, and explores topics such as non-linear and non-stationary behavior, stochastic volatility models, and the econometrics of commodity markets and globalization. Furthermore, it demonstrates the application of recent techniques in various fields: in the frequency domain, in the analysis of persistent dynamics, in the estimation of state space models and new classes of volatility models. The book is divided into two parts: The first part applies econometrics to the field of macroeconomics, discussing trend/cycle decomposition, growth analysis, monetary policy and international trade. The second part applies econometrics to a wide range of topics in financial economics, including price dynamics in equity, commodity and foreign exchange markets and portfolio analysis. The book is essential reading for scholars, students, and practitioners in government and financial institutions interested in applying recent econometric time series methods to financial and economic data.

Download or read book The Routledge REITs Research Handbook written by David Parker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge REITs Research Handbook presents a cutting-edge examination of the research into this key global investment vehicle. Edited by internationally respected academic and REIT expert Professor David Parker, the book will set the research agenda for years to come. The handbook is divided into two parts, the first of which provides the global context and a thematic review covering: asset allocation, performance, trading, sustainability, Islamic REITs, emerging sectors and behavioural finance. Part II presents a regional review of the issues with high level case studies from a diverse range of countries including the US, UK, Brazil, India, Australia, China, Singapore, Israel and Russia, to name just a few. This handbook redefines existing areas within the context of international REITs research, highlights emerging areas and future trends and provides postgraduates, professionals and researchers with ideas and encouragement for future research. It is essential reading for all those interested in real estate, international investment, global finance and asset management.

Download or read book Essays in Empirical Finance written by Anders C. Johansson and published by Goteborg University. This book was released on 2007 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Foundations and Trends in Finance written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: