Download or read book Using Habitat Models to Predict the Distribution of Birds in Bhutan written by Sherub and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bird diversity and distribution along the Sunkosh River Tsirang and Dagana District in southern Bhutan written by Sonam Tobgay and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Biology - Zoology, grade: 83, Royal University of Bhutan (College of Natural Resources), course: Bachelors in Forests Science, language: English, abstract: The study of bird diversity and distribution along the Sunkosh River, Tsirang and Dagana District, Bhutan was carried out in the winter months to provide comprehensive data on both aquatic and terrestrial birds. This paper focuses on providing some information on the composition, diversity and abundance of various bird species recorded along the Sunkosh River. In order to accomplish this aim, point count survey method was used to generate data for ecological analysis. A total of 59 bird species belonging to 30 families were recorded during the study. The study was divided into three major habitats: River confluence (Site 1), settlement (Site 2) and undisturbed forest (Site 3). The instruments used were Garmin etrek Global Positioning System (GPS), a pair of binoculars for bird’s identification, a field guide (Birds of Bhutan), survey data sheet and a 300 meters measuring tape. The data were tested with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method to determine distribution level and bird diversity was assessed using Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index, while parametric tests were applied for all data. The results showed that bird species diversity was normally distributed in all the sites, site 3 ensured the highest diversity (3.16) compared to site 1: (2.53) and site 2: (3.05). Bird species composition in three habitat types was found statistically significant; correlation result revealed that bird species composition and bird species diversity were negatively correlated with altitude.The most abundant bird species along the River confluence and Settlement area was Red-vented Bulbul, but it was White-crested Laughingthrush in the undisturbed forest.

Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on High Altitude Ecosystems written by Münir Öztürk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers studies on the systematics of plant taxa and will include general vegetational aspects and ecological characteristics of plant life at altitudes above 1000 m. from different parts of the world. This volume also addresses how upcoming climate change scenarios will impact high altitude plant life. It presents case studies from the most important mountainous areas like the Himalayas, Caucasus and South America covering the countries like Malaysia, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Kirghizia, Georgia, Russia,Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Americas. The book will serve as an invaluable resource source undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers.

Download or read book Habitat Capability Model for Birds Wintering in the Black Hills South Dakota written by Mark A. Rumble and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Habitat models have considerable economic effects on management decisions and are used to predict consequences of land management decisions on wildlife. The Black Hills National Forest uses the habitat capability model (HABCAP), but its accuracy relative to resident wintering bird populations is largely unknown. We tested the model's predictive accuracy for resident nongame birds wintering in 11 vegetation structural stages of ponderosa pine, quaking aspen/paper birch, and meadows in the Black Hills, South Dakota. Six species, hairy woodpecker, gray jay, black-capped chickadee, white-breasted nuthatch, red-breasted nuthatch, and dark-eyed junco, had HABCAP coefficients for vegetation structural stages during winter. Red crossbills were not previously included in the model, so we developed HABCAP coefficients for them. Predicted abundance of winter birds in vegetation structural stages based on HABCAP coefficients differed from observed abundance for gray jays, black-capped chickadees, white-breasted nuthatches, red-breasted nuthatches, and dark-eyed juncos. HABCAP coefficients were modified to reflect observed abundance patterns of birds. These changes to HABCAP coefficients should provide managers with more appropriate estimates of land management impacts on nongame birds wintering in the Black Hills.

Download or read book Habitat Suitability and Distribution Models written by Antoine Guisan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the key stages of niche-based habitat suitability model building, evaluation and prediction required for understanding and predicting future patterns of species and biodiversity. Beginning with the main theory behind ecological niches and species distributions, the book proceeds through all major steps of model building, from conceptualization and model training to model evaluation and spatio-temporal predictions. Extensive examples using R support graduate students and researchers in quantifying ecological niches and predicting species distributions with their own data, and help to address key environmental and conservation problems. Reflecting this highly active field of research, the book incorporates the latest developments from informatics and statistics, as well as using data from remote sources such as satellite imagery. A website at www.unil.ch/hsdm contains the codes and supporting material required to run the examples and teach courses.

Download or read book Use of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Ndvi Habitat Models to Predict Breeding Birds on the San Pedro River Arizona written by U S Department of the Interior and published by . This book was released on 2014-03-30 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Successful management practices of avian populations depend on understanding relationships between birds and their habitat, especially in rare habitats, such as riparian areas of the desert Southwest. Remote-sensing technology has become popular in habitat modeling, but most of these models focus on single species, leaving their applicability to understanding broader community structure and function largely untested. We investigated the usefulness of two Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) habitat models to model avian abundance and species richness on the upper San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona. Although NDVI was positively correlated with our bird metrics, the amount of explained variation was low. We then investigated the addition of vegetation metrics and other remote-sensing metrics to improve our models. Although both vegetation metrics and remotely sensed metrics increased the power of our models, the overall explained variation was still low, suggesting that general avian community structure may be too complex for NDVI models.

Download or read book Joint Species Distribution Modelling written by Otso Ovaskainen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of joint species distribution modelling, covering statistical analyses in light of modern community ecology theory.

Download or read book Biodiversity Baseline Assessment written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents a biodiversity baseline assessment that was conducted in 2014−2015 at the Phipsoo Wildlife Sanctuary in southern Bhutan. Inventory and sampling of tree, avian, mammal, and fish species was accomplished in three areas. Grassland conditions and illegal tree harvesting were quantified. The assessment confirmed the presence of 27 protected species. Mammals accounted for the majority at 74%. Camera trapping over 5 months yielded 4,300 individual mammals and 28 species. Mammalian biodiversity metrics differed significantly among assessment zones. The elephant was the species most documented. The sanctuary was found to be a critical habitat for the endangered tiger and the critically endangered white bellied heron.

Download or read book Predicting Bird Habitat Resources in Temperate Woodlands Using Remotely Sensed Data written by Peter Sang-Hoon Lee and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scant data exist that can inform conservation planners in the Great Western Woodlands (GWW). Yet this extensive area of temperate woodland in southwestern Western Australia is vital for the conservation of many woodland bird species. In this thesis, a modelling approach was developed for predicting the potential distribution of woodland bird habitat functional groups in GWW as a function of their habitat resource use. This model was generated from remotely sensed data-based inputs in conjunction with published bird habitat resource information. Habitat resource information was collected from published literature related to woodland and/or GWW bird species. Based on this information, vegetation structure-related habitat resources were identified and 104 GWW bird species were classified into Bird habitat functional groups (BHFGs). To analyse vegetation structure within GWW, four different satellite-borne data sets (MODIS, ASTER, PALSAR and GLAS) were analysed. The ability of different remote sensing technologies to identify vegetation structure variables was evaluated by comparing remotely sensed data to data collected in the field for selected vegetation sites. The variables were used to model vegetation structure in the landscape of GWW. A bird habitat resource classification model was developed with the nine BHFGs based on the vegetation structure-related habitat resources identified through the literature review. Each spatial data layer derived from the four satellite data sets provided values correlated with five specific Vegetation structure variables: Vegetation cover from ASTER; Foliage density from MODIS; Shrub layer complexity from ASTER; Vegetation volume from PALSAR; and Vegetation height from GLAS. The vegetation structure-based data layers were combined into a three-dimensional Landscape prediction of vegetation structure variables (LPVSV) for predicting bird habitat types derived in terms of the Vegetation structure variables. The BHFGs and the LPVSV were then combined into a Potential bird habitat functional group spatial prediction system (PBHFG-SPS). Due to the lack of field observation on birds in GWW, the predictive capability of the PBHFG-SPS could not be tested. Difficulties in investigating the GWW landscape and the limitations of available data and information about GWW are discussed, as are methods for improving the model developed in this study. The approach developed in this thesis was considered useful for investigating vegetation structure for the purpose of bird conservation, given the limited biophysical field data over extensive and remote areas such as GWW.

Download or read book Wildlife Habitat Suitability Modelling written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ... The Mackenzie Project Environmental Group (MPEG) was retained to conduct an assessment of the impacts of the Mackenzie Gas Project (MGP) on wildlife. One potential impact of the project is the loss of wildlife habitat. As a result, habitat models were developed to help quantify the amount of habitat loss resulting from project construction and operations. This paper describes the models that were used to assess project impacts on bird VCs (Valued Components). The objectives of habitat modelling, as applied to the Mackenzie Gas Project, were to: [1] Evaluate habitat in the Local Study Area (LSA) and Regional Study Area (RSA) for selected bird species prior to construction (i.e., baseline scenario), during construction, and during operations. [2] Quantify changes in habitat through all project phases, and [3] Identify habitats and areas that are preferred by bird VCs. ... Because of potential effects of the Mackenzie Gas Project on wildlife habitat availability, the MPEG adopted a habitat-based approach to impact assessment. A habitat-based approach to assessment is a comparison of habitat availability before and after changes occur within an area. This approach relies on an understanding of broad habitat types within a study area as well as species habitat requirements. A habitat-based approach to assessment is ideally suited for: Large study areas; Long-term effects; Species for which species-habitat relationships can be determined; and Regions where habitats are relatively static. The habitat-based approach is a useful tool to quantify project impacts for species whose habitat preferences can be readily defined. When information on habitat use or species-habitat associations is not available, other tools can be used to determine project impacts. These include use of general distribution data that delineate important areas for wildlife. ... Because detailed bird distribution data was available for only part of the RSA ..., habitat modelling was used as the primary tool to assess project impacts throughout the entire study area (pipeline corridor and production area). Additional information was used where possible to help validate model results, or to address impacts on species for which habitat modelling was not possible--ASTIS [online] bibliography.

Download or read book The Species Area Relationship written by Thomas J. Matthews and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive synthesis of a fundamental phenomenon, the species-area relationship, addressing theory, evidence and application.

Download or read book Modelling the Effects of Changing Habitat Characteristics and Spatial Pattern on Woodland Songbird Distributions in West and Central Scotland written by Helen P. Creegan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigated bird distributions in relation to local habitat and landscape pattern and the implications which habitat fragmentation may have for woodland birds. There were two sections to the research: an experimental study investigating bird gap crossing behaviour across distances of five to 120m; and an observational study modelling woodland bird distributions in relation to local habitat and landscape scale variables in two study areas (East Loch Lomond and the Central Scotland Forest). In the experimental study it was hypothesised that bird willingness to cross gaps will decrease with increasing gap distance even at home-range scales and that the rate of decline will vary interspecifically in relation to bird morphology. Song thrush mobbing calls played at woodland edges in the West of Scotland were used to attract birds across gaps and results were compared with the response along woodland edges. Data were obtained for four species: chaffinch, coal tit, robin and goldcrest. The decline in response with distance across gaps and along woodland edge was modelled for each species using generalized linear modelling. Maximum gap crossing distances ranged from 46m (goldcrest) to 150m (extrapolated value for the chaffinch). Goldcrests responded more readily through woodlands. There was no difference between woodland edge and gap response for the coal tit. Robins and chaffinches however responded more readily across gaps than through woodland. When different response indices were plotted against bird mass and wing area, results suggested that larger birds with bigger wings responded more readily across gaps than through woodland. It is suggested that this relates to differences in bird manoeuvrability within woodlands and ability to evade a predator in gaps. Fragmentation indices were calculated for an area of the Central Scotland Forest to show how willingness to cross different gap distances influences perception of how fragmented the woodlands are in a region. Results are discussed in the context of the creation of Forest Habitat Networks. The data for the observational section of the work was from bird point counts for 200 sample points at East Loch Lomond in 1998 and 2000 and 267 sample points in the Central Scotland Forest in 1999. In addition a time series of point count data was available for 30 sample points at East Loch Lomond. Additional data was gathered for ten sample points (1998) and two sample points (2000) at East Loch Lomond to investigate effects of observer, time and weather on count data. Generalized linear and generalized additive modelling was carried out on these additional data. Results indicated that biases due to the variation in time and weather conditions between counts existed in the pure count data but that these were eliminated by reducing data to presence and absence form for analysis. Species accumulation curves indicated that two counts per sample point were insufficient to determine species richness. However a sufficiently large proportion of the species was being detected consistently in two counts of ten minutes duration for it to be valid to model them in relation to habitat and landscape variables. Point count data for East Loch Lomond in 1998 (ELL98) and the Central Scotland Forest in 1999 (CSF99) for the wren, treecreeper, garden warbler, robin, blue tit, blackbird, willow warbler, coal tit, goldcrest, great tit, and song thrush were analysed using generalized additive modelling. In addition models were built for the blackcap (CSF99) and the siskin, redstart and wood warbler (ELL98). Where all relationships were identified as linear, models were rebuilt as GLMs. Models were evaluated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) plots. AUC values ranged from 0.84-0.99 for ELL98 and from 0.76-0.93 for CSF99 indicating high predictive accuracy. Habitat variables accounted for the largest proportion of explained variation in all models and could be interpreted in terms of bird nesting and feeding behaviour. However additional variation was explained by landscape scale and fragmentation related (especially edge) variables. ELL98 models were used to predict bird distributions for Loch Lomond in 2000 (ELL00) and for the CSF99. Likewise the CSF99 models were used to predict distributions for ELL98 and ELL00. Predicted distributions had useful application in many cases within the ELL site between years. Fewer cases of useful application arose for predicting distributions between sites. Results are discussed in the context of the generality of bird environment relationships and reasons for low predictive accuracy when models are applied between sites and years. Models which had useful application for ELL00 were used to predict bird distributions for 2025 and 2050 at East Loch Lomond. Habitat and landscape changes were projected based on the proposed management for the site. Since woodland regeneration rates are difficult to predict, two scenarios were modelled, one assuming a modest amount of regeneration and one assuming no regeneration. Predictions derived from the ELL98 models showed broad-leaved species increasing in distribution while coniferous species declined. This was in keeping with the expected changes in the relative extent of broad-leaved and coniferous habitat. However, predictions from the CSF99 models were often less readily explicable. The value of the modelling approach is discussed and suggestions are made for further study to improve confidence in the predictions.

Download or read book Evaluation of a Habitat Capability Model for Nongame Birds in the Black Hills South Dakota Classic Reprint written by Todd R. Mills and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-26 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Evaluation of a Habitat Capability Model for Nongame Birds in the Black Hills, South Dakota Coefficients in the habcap model quantify rela tive (o to capability of each structural stage as habitat to sustain a prescribed population density for each species. The habcap model includes separate coefficients for feeding and cover. Although feeding and cover coefficients are the same for most species, we based our test of the model on cover coefficients because cover includes nest placement in breeding territories. Abundance of bird species at each site Was the sum of observations S50'm from the count point. We used bird count data from 1992 and 1993 to test hypotheses that the observed abundance in each structural stage was similar to predicted abundance by the habcap model using chi-square goodnessof-fit tests (freese Chi-square tests were made only for structural stages with coefficients >0. Since fewer counts were made in old-growth and dry meadows, predicted abundance in these structural stages was adjusted to represent the proportion of total count days. Predicted abundance of bird species (pnj) in each structural stage (ssi) was calculated as. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Comparison of Species Distribution Models for a Migratory Bird Based on Citizen Science and Satellite Tracking Data with Implication for Climate Change written by Christopher Coxen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Species distribution models can provide critical baseline distribution information for the conservation of poorly understood species. Species occurrence data sources traditionally used in these models, such as museum specimen records, field survey observations, or animal tracking studies, may be outdated, have poor coverage, or be prohibitively expensive to collect. Crowd sourced citizen science observation data, such as the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's eBird project, can provide present-day, large coverage species occurrence data at no cost to the user. Here, I compared the performance of band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata) species distribution models created using Maxent and derived from two separate presence-only occurrence data sources in New Mexico: 1) satellite tracked birds and 2) observations reported in eBird basic data set. Both models had good accuracy (test AUC> 0.8 and True Skill Statistic > 0.4), and high overlap between suitability scores (I statistic 0.786) and suitable habitat patches (relative rank 0.639). My results suggest that, at the state-wide level, eBird occurrence data can effectively model similar species distributions as satellite tracking data. Models based on eBird occurrence records can provide a low cost first step towards identifying sites for targeted field surveys, and assist with conservation planning for avian species with outdated or unknown distribution information. Our future climate models for the band-tailed pigeon predict a 35% loss in suitable habitat by 2070 if atmospheric CO2 emissions drop to 1990 levels by 2100, and a 45% loss by 2070 if we continue current CO2 emission levels through the end of the century. These numbers may be conservative given the predicted increase in drought, wildlife, and forest pest impacts to the coniferous forests the species inhabits in New Mexico. The northern portion of the species range in New Mexico is predicted to be the most viable through time. Our eBird comparison results suggest preliminary climate change models may be created based on eBird occurrence data to determine high priority areas for band-tailed pigeon conservation in other states.

Download or read book Predicting the Distribution of Breeding Birds in Connecticut Using a Bayesian Model and Geographic Information Systems written by Maura K. Orrell and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Birds and Climate Change written by James W. Pearce-Higgins and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-12 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical synthesis of the impacts of climate change on birds, examining potential future effects and conservation responses.

Download or read book Pheasants Partridges Grouse written by Phil McGowan and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide brings together, for the first time in single volume, a comprehensive review of all the world's pheasants, partridges, quails, grouse, turkeys, guineafowl, buttonquails, sandgrouse, and the enigmatic Plains-wanderer - over 250 species in all. The group includes some of the world's most familiar and beautiful birds, such as Indian Peafowl and the stunning tragopans, as well as some of the rarest and most threatened. Some survive in fragments of over-exploited habitats, whilst others are now so familiar in domestication that it is difficult to imagine that they had any wild ancestors at all. As with other volumes in the award-winning Helm Identification Guide series, this book concentrates on identification and distribution, but also highlights conversation issues where relevant. Each species is treated in detail, reflecting the extensive knowledge of both authors. The 72 colour plates, by leading bird illustrators, show male, female, juvenile and subspecies plumages, and form the finest set of illustrations of these birds to date. There is also a colour distribution map for each species. Pheasants, Partridges & Grouse is a welcome addition to the Helm Identification Guide series, more importantly, a landmark volume in the literature of this attractive and vulnerable group of birds.