Download or read book Using Ancient MtDNA to Track Temporal Genetic Changes of Pacific Herring Populations in the Central Coast of British Columbia written by Melissa Michelle Roth and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) are an important species of marine ecosystems, and to Coastal First Nations. Herring are now in decline across the Northeast Pacific, but there is much debate on the nature of this decline and its potential impacts on biological diversity of the species. This research project takes an in-depth look at mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of ancient herring bones recovered from stratified midden deposits at Namu, British Columbia to document changes in genetic diversity through time (7000 - 100 BP), and to explore the possibility of identifying region-specific herring populations. This study processed 60 samples with a success rate of 83.3% for mtDNA sequence analysis. Our data show that ancient DNA is generally well preserved in ancient herring remains as old as 7000BP, demonstrating the potential for retrieving genetic information about herring of the past. However, our mtDNA (D-loop and cytb) markers proved to be less informative in revealing changes of population diversity. Nuclear DNA markers and next generation sequencing technology are expected to make good use of the recovered herring DNA to better reconstruct natural history in the region.
Download or read book Ancient MtDNA Sequences from Prehistoric North American Arctic Populations written by Jacquel Lynn Arismendi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental DNA Detection and Population Genetic Patterns of Native and Invasive Great Lakes Fishes written by Matthew R. Snyder and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive species are one of the top threats to native biodiversity. Their population genetics and genomics can be useful in control and management of invasive species and can be regarded as accidental evolutionary experiments. Here, in a temporal study of the high impact invasive round goby Neogobius melanostomus in the Laurentian Great Lakes, the ability of invasion genetics to track sources and temporal changes in population structure was demonstrated. We tested for three possible alternative temporal patterns in population genetic diversity over time - termed the `genetic stasis', `supplementation', and `replacement' hypotheses. `Genetic stasis' or no change in allelic composition over time could be caused by a large number of introduced propagules that possibly possess all (or most) of the diversity present in the native source, or by a density dependent process circumventing the establishment of later arrivals. Alternatively, there may be `genetic supplementation' in which populations that experienced an initial founder effect then gain diversity over time. Finally, `replacement' of all or some of the initial founding genetic diversity could result when the early arrivals are the best dispersers, followed by those that are better competitors. Results showed that near the site of initial establishment (the invasion core), high genetic diversity due to a large number of introduced individuals precluded significant changes in allelic composition over time. Further from the invasion core, some slight changes in genetic diversity occurred soon after population establishment. Results supported `genetic stasis' and the founder takes all hypothesis. Due to the territoriality of adult round gobies, it is possible that a density dependent process circumvented establishment of later arrivals. Additional introductions from separate native sources were implicated in some areas of the invasion. Detection of newly introduced species before they can become established and characterizing native community composition are top concerns of management agencies. Metabarcode environmental (e)DNA assays are non-invasive sampling tools for detecting species. Targeted and general metabarcode assays and an associated custom library preparation and bioinformatic pipeline that reduce error were designed and tested. This protocol discerned 100% of species present in electrofishing surveys in the Maumee River from just six water samples. Four 1L water samples in the Maumee River were sufficient to identify 88% of species present in concomitant electrofishing surveys and 73% of those in a much larger effort (44 sampling events in 22 sites). Proportions of species-specific high-throughput sequencing reads were weakly correlated with taxa assessed using morphological surveys. Our method identified more invasive species in more samples than did morphological sampling. Haplotypic diversity discerned with metabarcode assays significantly differed from that determined with traditional population genetic data collection. The protocol increased confidence in metabarcode surveys by removing cross-contamination, index-hops (sequence to sample mis-assignment, leading to false positives), and sequencing error and achieved a high detection efficiency. To evaluate the utility of this approach, the protocol was applied to potential retail sources of invasive species in the Great Lakes, including bait and pond stores. Metabarcode assays found a much greater number of stores with illegal native and invasive species compared to morphological sampling. These included juveniles of valuable fishery species, such as walleye Sander vitreus and yellow perch Perca flavescens, and unestablished, potentially high impact invasive species, including the Eurasian ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua, Eurasian ide Leuciscus idus, and silver Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead H. nobilis carps. Presence of illegal species was unrelated to retailer supply chains. Surveys showed that bait dumping is common among anglers in the Great Lakes. There appears to be serious risk of introduction of non-native species via this vector.
Download or read book Manual for Starch Gel Electrophoresis written by Paul B. Aebersold and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Across Atlantic Ice written by Dennis J. Stanford and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Who were the first humans to inhabit North America? According to the now familiar story, mammal hunters entered the continent some 12,000 years ago via a land bridge that spanned the Bering Sea and introduced the distinctive stone tools of the Clovis culture. Drawing from original archaeological analysis, paleoclimatic research, and genetic studies, noted archaeologists Dennis J. Stanford and Bruce A. Bradley challenge that narrative. Their hypothesis places the technological antecedents of Clovis technology in Europe, with the culture of Solutrean people in France and Spain more than 20,000 years ago, and posits that the first Americans crossed the Atlantic by boat and arrived earlier than previously thought."--Back cover.
Download or read book Comparative Biogeography written by Lynne Parenti and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-11-18 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To unravel the complex shared history of the Earth and its life forms, biogeographers analyze patterns of biodiversity, species distribution, and geological history. So far, the field of biogeography has been fragmented into divergent systematic and evolutionary approaches, with no overarching or unifying research theme or method. In this text, Lynne Parenti and Malte Ebach address this discord and outline comparative tools to unify biogeography. Rooted in phylogenetic systematics, this comparative biogeographic approach offers a comprehensive empirical framework for discovering and deciphering the patterns and processes of the distribution of life on Earth. The authors cover biogeography from its fundamental ideas to the most effective ways to implement them. Real-life examples illustrate concepts and problems, including the first comparative biogeographical analysis of the Indo-West Pacific, an introduction to biogeographical concepts rooted in the earth sciences, and the integration of phylogeny, evolution and earth history.
Download or read book Marine Genetics written by Antonio M. Solé-Cava and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our current knowledge of marine organisms and the factors affecting their ecology, distribution and evolution has been revolutionised by the use, in the last 20 years, of molecular population genetics tools. This book is the result of a meeting of world-leading experts, in Rio de Janeiro, where the state of the art of this field was reviewed. Topics covered include the molecular analysis of bio-invasions, the recent developments in marine biotechnology, the factors affecting levels of genetic variation and population structure in marine organisms and their application to conservation biology, fisheries and aquaculture. This is the first book dedicated to the genetic study of marine organisms. It will be very useful to biology students, scientists and anyone working or simply interested in areas such as marine biology, zoology, ecology, and population and molecular genetics.
Download or read book Marius Barbeau s photographic collection written by Linda Riley and published by University of Ottawa Press. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This catalogue features photographs of the Nass River and the Nishga people taken between 1900 and 1950. Most of the collection represents the ethnographic fieldwork done by Marius Barbeau between 1927 and 1929.
Download or read book Final recovery plan for the steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ecology of Giant Kelp Forests in California written by Michael S. Foster and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quaternary Dating Methods written by Mike Walker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory textbook introduces the basics of dating, the range of techniques available and the strengths and limitations of each of the principal methods. Coverage includes: the concept of time in Quaternary Science and related fields the history of dating from lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy the development and application of radiometric methods different methods in dating: radiometric dating, incremental dating, relative dating and age equivalence Presented in a clear and straightforward manner with the minimum of technical detail, this text is a great introduction for both students and practitioners in the Earth, Environmental and Archaeological Sciences. Praise from the reviews: "This book is a must for any Quaternary scientist." SOUTH AFRICAN GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL, September 2006 “...very well organized, clearly and straightforwardly written and provides a good overview on the wide field of Quaternary dating methods...” JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE, January 2007
Download or read book Diadromy in Fishes written by Robert Montgomery McDowall and published by Timber Press (OR). This book was released on 1988 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fish which exhibit diadromy, their life history strategies and the implications for fisheries. The book should therefore represent an important volume for workers in fish biology, animal physiology and behaviour, and fisheries.
Download or read book The Diversity of Fishes written by Gene Helfman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-03 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of The Diversity of Fishes represents a major revision of the world’s most widely adopted ichthyology textbook. Expanded and updated, the second edition is illustrated throughout with striking color photographs depicting the spectacular evolutionary adaptations of the most ecologically and taxonomically diverse vertebrate group. The text incorporates the latest advances in the biology of fishes, covering taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, biogeography, ecology, and behavior. A new chapter on genetics and molecular ecology of fishes has been added, and conservation is emphasized throughout. Hundreds of new and redrawn illustrations augment readable text, and every chapter has been revised to reflect the discoveries and greater understanding achieved during the past decade. Written by a team of internationally-recognized authorities, the first edition of The Diversity of Fishes was received with enthusiasm and praise, and incorporated into ichthyology and fish biology classes around the globe, at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The second edition is a substantial update of an already classic reference and text. Companion resources site This book is accompanied by a resources site: www.wiley.com/go/helfman The site is being constantly updated by the author team and provides: · Related videos selected by the authors · Updates to the book since publication · Instructor resources · A chance to send in feedback
Download or read book Shifting Baselines written by Jeremy B.C. Jackson and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-06-22 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shifting Baselines explores the real-world implications of a groundbreaking idea: we must understand the oceans of the past to protect the oceans of the future. In 1995, acclaimed marine biologist Daniel Pauly coined the term "shifting baselines" to describe a phenomenon of lowered expectations, in which each generation regards a progressively poorer natural world as normal. This seminal volume expands on Pauly's work, showing how skewed visions of the past have led to disastrous marine policies and why historical perspective is critical to revitalize fisheries and ecosystems. Edited by marine ecologists Jeremy Jackson and Enric Sala, and historian Karen Alexander, the book brings together knowledge from disparate disciplines to paint a more realistic picture of past fisheries. The authors use case studies on the cod fishery and the connection between sardine and anchovy populations, among others, to explain various methods for studying historic trends and the intricate relationships between species. Subsequent chapters offer recommendations about both specific research methods and effective management. This practical information is framed by inspiring essays by Carl Safina and Randy Olson on a personal experience of shifting baselines and the importance of human stories in describing this phenomenon to a broad public. While each contributor brings a different expertise to bear, all agree on the importance of historical perspective for effective fisheries management. Readers, from students to professionals, will benefit enormously from this informed hindsight.
Download or read book Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries written by Paul J. B. Hart and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent decades have witnessed strong declines in fish stocks aroundthe globe, amid growing concerns about the impact of fisheries onmarine and freshwater biodiversity. Fisheries biologists andmanagers are therefore increasingly asking about aspects ofecology, behaviour, evolution and biodiversity that weretraditionally studied by people working in very separate fields.This has highlighted the need to work more closely together, inorder to help ensure future success both in management andconservation. The Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries has beenwritten by an international team of scientists and practitioners,to provide an overview of the biology of freshwater and marine fishspecies together with the science that supports fisheriesmanagement and conservation. This volume, subtitled Fish Biology, reviews a broadvariety of topics from evolutionary relationships and globalbiogeography to physiology, recruitment, life histories, genetics,foraging behaviour, reproductive behaviour and community ecology.The second volume, subtitled Fisheries, uses much of thisinformation in a wide-ranging review of fisheries biology,including methods of capture, marketing, economics, stockassessment, forecasting, ecosystem impacts and conservation. Together, these books present the state of the art in ourunderstanding of fish biology and fisheries and will serve asvaluable references for undergraduates and graduates looking for acomprehensive source on a wide variety of topics in fisheriesscience. They will also be useful to researchers who needup-to-date reviews of topics that impinge on their fields, anddecision makers who need to appreciate the scientific backgroundfor management and conservation of aquatic ecosystems. To order volume I, go to the box in the top right hand corner.Alternatively to order volume II, go to:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=063206482X or toorder the 2 volume set, go to:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=0632064838. Provides a unique overview of the study of fish biology andecology, and the assessment and management of fish populations andecosystems. The first volume concentrates on aspects of fish biology andecology, both at the individual and population levels, whilst thesecond volume addresses the assessment and management of fishpopulations and ecosystems. Written by an international team of expert scientists andpractitioners. An invaluable reference tool for both students, researchers andpractitioners working in the fields of fish biology andfisheries.
Download or read book Ecology written by Michael Begon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A definitive guide to the depth and breadth of the ecological sciences, revised and updated The revised and updated fifth edition of Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems – now in full colour – offers students and practitioners a review of the ecological sciences. The previous editions of this book earned the authors the prestigious ‘Exceptional Life-time Achievement Award’ of the British Ecological Society – the aim for the fifth edition is not only to maintain standards but indeed to enhance its coverage of Ecology. In the first edition, 34 years ago, it seemed acceptable for ecologists to hold a comfortable, objective, not to say aloof position, from which the ecological communities around us were simply material for which we sought a scientific understanding. Now, we must accept the immediacy of the many environmental problems that threaten us and the responsibility of ecologists to play their full part in addressing these problems. This fifth edition addresses this challenge, with several chapters devoted entirely to applied topics, and examples of how ecological principles have been applied to problems facing us highlighted throughout the remaining nineteen chapters. Nonetheless, the authors remain wedded to the belief that environmental action can only ever be as sound as the ecological principles on which it is based. Hence, while trying harder than ever to help improve preparedness for addressing the environmental problems of the years ahead, the book remains, in its essence, an exposition of the science of ecology. This new edition incorporates the results from more than a thousand recent studies into a fully up-to-date text. Written for students of ecology, researchers and practitioners, the fifth edition of Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems is anessential reference to all aspects of ecology and addresses environmental problems of the future.
Download or read book Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
