Download or read book Use of compound specific stable isotopes of carbon and chlorine for source tracking and assessments of biodegradation potential in a chlorinated solvent plume in Fort Worth Texas written by Christopher Lee Braun and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of Compound Specific Carbon and Chlorine Stable Isotope for Fingerprinting Sources of Chlorinated Compounds in Groundwater Journal of King Abdulaziz University written by Orfan Shouakar-Stash and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Stable Carbon Compound Specific Isotope Analysis to Monitor and Quantify the Biodegradation Fo Chlorinated Ethenes in Groundwater Systems written by Penny Lea Morrill and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of Two Dimensional Compound Specific Carbon chlorine Isotope Analyses for Degradation Monitoring and Assessment of Organic Pollutants in Contaminated Soil and Groundwater written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Utilization of Stable Carbon Isotope in the Verification of Bioremediation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of this work was to test the feasibility of using stable carbon isotope analysis to verify in situ biodegradation of hydrocarbons and chlorinated ethenes under aerobic conditions. Specific objectives were to 1) determine d13C values for TCE and the various compounds to be used as co-substrates for TCE degradation; 2) evaluate effects of aerobic biodegradation of co-substrate compounds and TCE on gross fractionation of carbon isotopes as measured in the resulting CO2; 3) test the carbon isotope method for its ability to differentiate the source of the CO2 resulting from aerobic biodegradation; and 4) use samples from an appropriately contaminated bioventing site. Different degrees of fractionation were measured in both pure and mixed cultures for the different compounds tested in this study. Fractionation for toluene was slightly more negative than the starting compound. For JP-4, the fractionation of JP-4 resulted in d13C values much more negative than the starting compound. Fractionation for TCE results in d13C values more positive, indicating the CO2 had a higher percentage of 13C than the source compound. A mixture of toluene and TCE had a d13C value intermediate between the two. These results indicate, with the d13C values for these co-substrates and chlorinated ethenes sufficiently different, the degradation of one or the other can be determined. When both are being degraded an intermediate value can be obtained.
Download or read book Analysis of Carbon Isotopes Determination of Ground water Age and Estimated Characteristics of the Contaminant Source at Two Fuel spill Plumes Western Cape Cod Massachusetts 1996 written by Jennifer Savoie and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stable Isotopic Investigations of In situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Organic Solvents written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this project was to investigate the potential applications of stable isotope ratio measurements in characterization of the source terms, the transport, and the fate of chlorinated solvents in groundwater aquifers. The approach to this research was threefold: to develop methods for the sampling and isotopic analysis of chlorinated solvents in groundwaters; to perform laboratory experiments to measure equilibrium and kinetic isotope effects associated with biological and physical transformation processes of chlorinated solvents; and to perform field investigations at well-characterized, contaminated aquifer sites to demonstrate the applicability of the isotopic approach in real-world situations. New methods were developed for the extraction and isotopic analysis of chlorinated solvents in water samples. The new methods were applied to a series of laboratory experiments assessing the isotope effects associated with biological and physical transformation processes. The authors found that a large kinetic isotope effect was caused by microbial degradation of chlorinated solvents, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The evaporation of chlorinated solvents also caused a large isotope effect, but in that case the carbon isotopic fractionation was in the reverse sense. Isotopic fractionation associated with adsorption and chemical exchange of chlorinated solvents was negligible. The authors performed field investigations at five present and former industrial sites undergoing various stages of remediation. These investigations were collaborative with Lockeed-Martin Energy Systems, Inc., and ENSR, Inc., the companies responsible for the remedial work at these sites. Application of the new sampling and analytical methods at these sites showed that stable isotopic measurements yield powerful insights into underground processes. In particular, they found positive evidence for in-situ microbial degradation of chlorinated solvents at all five sites, evidence for volatilization of chlorinated solvents at three sites, and evidence for multiple sources of chlorinated solvents at two sites. At a site where six-phase heating was applied, they found evidence for increased solubilization of pure phase chlorinated solvents during heating. The general conclusion of the field investigations is that stable isotope measurements should become an essential component in site characterization and remediation of sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents.
Download or read book A New Method for Compound specific Stable Chlorine Isotope Analysis written by Kaori Sakaguchi-Söder and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compound specific Stable Chlorine Isotope Analysis written by Henry Holmstrand and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating Controls on Variation in Isotopic Fractionation During Biodegradation of Chlorinated Ethenes and Ethanes written by Lisa Marie Douglas and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kinetic isotope effects occur due to different reaction rates for light and heavy isotope-containing molecules, and are controlled by the bonds broken during degradation. For many primary pollutants, stable carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine isotope effects have been found to fit a Rayleigh model, indicating a single rate-limiting step. This thesis examines biodegradation pathways where additional controls and rate-limiting steps may affect observed isotope fractionation. Two haloalkane dehalogenases catalyzed aerobic 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) dechlorination with very different enzyme affinities and turnover rates. However, carbon isotope enrichment factors were the same for both enzymes, reflecting the intrinsic kinetic isotope effect associated with C-Cl bond breakage. Carbon isotope fractionation was also largely constant during anaerobic 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) biodegradation, even when the rate of biodegradation was inhibited by trichloroethene (TCE) co-contamination. This finding provided the basis for carbon isotope-based assessment of 1,1,1-TCE biodegradation at a TCE co-contaminated field site. The wide range of carbon isotope fractionation observed for anaerobic tetrachloroethene (PCE) biodegradation has been a matter of longstanding controversy. This work found the magnitude of carbon isotope fractionation for PCE biodegradation is related to the phylogenetic relationships between PCE-degrading organisms, which may allow for better selection of enrichment factors when assessing PCE biodegradation at field sites. Unexpectedly large variations in carbon isotope fractionation have also been observed for anaerobic TCE biodegradation. During C-Cl bond breakage, slopes of dual element carbon and chlorine isotope effects are typically constant for a given reaction because additional rate-limiting steps affect both elements in a similar way. Hence, characteristic combinations of C/Cl isotope effects can be used to investigate the underlying mechanistic details of a reaction. For TCE biodegradation, C/Cl isotope slopes indicate different reductive dehalogenases may catalyze different reductive dechlorination reaction pathways. This thesis advances the application of compound specific isotope analysis for assessing bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes and ethanes, as well our understanding of the enzymatic degradation mechanisms that catalyze biodegradation.
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvents written by Robert D Morrison and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental forensics is emerging and evolving into a recognized scientific discipline with numerous applications, especially regarding chlorinated solvents. This unique book provides the reader with a concise compilation of information regarding the use of environmental forensic techniques for age dating and identification of the source of a chlorinated solvent release. Concentrating on the five commonly encountered chlorinated solvents (perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and CFC-113), forensic opportunities applicable to each are presented including the use of stabilizers, manufacturing impurities, surrogate chemicals and physical measurements and degradation products as diagnostic indicators. Detailed historical chronology of the applications of the solvents and specific chapters devoted to dry cleaning and vapor degreasing equipment are included as are generic forensic approaches. Forming a basis for further ideas in the evolution of environmental forensic techniques, Chlorinated Solvents will be an indispensable reference tool for researchers, regulators and analysts in the field.
Download or read book Compound Specific Isotope Analysis 13C 37Cl 2H to Trace Induced Attenuation of Chlorinated Organic Contaminants in Groundwater written by Carme Audí Miró and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El chloroform (CF), el tetracloroetè (PCE) i el tricloretè (TCE) són hidrocarburs clor-alifàtics densos usats extensament com a solvents industrials. Aquests compostos s'han alliberat al medi degut a un tractament inadequat dels seus residus. En aquesta tesi, l'efecte d'una barrera permeable reactiva de ferro zero valent (BPR-FZV) instal·lada en un emplaçament contaminat majoritàriament amb PCE, TCE i cis-dicloretè (cis-DCE, subproducte de TCE) ha estat avaluada. A més a més, s'ha proposat i desenvolupat una nova estratègia per a degradar el CF, el qual és un compost recalcitrant, consistent en la inducció de la hidròlisi alcalina del CF mitjançant residus de construcció basats en formigó. L'ànàlisi isotòpic de compost específic (AICE) és una eina valuosa per al monitoreig d'un sistema de tractament medi ambiental, basant-se en el fraccionament isotòpic d'un element durant les reaccions de transformació. L'objectiu general d'aquesta tesi és l'ús de l'anàlisi isotòpic de compost específic de 13C, 37Cl i 2H com una eina per a controlar els dos processos d'atenuació 1) la degradació dels eten-clorats mitjançant una BPR-FZV instal·lada en el camp; i, 2) la nova tècnica de remediació de CF proposada basada en l'ús de residus reciclats de la construcció per tal d'induir la hidròlisi alcalina del CF. En general, mitjançant la combinació dels isòtops de C, Cl i H, aquesta tesi aporta noves eines per discriminar la degradació dels compostos organoclorats d'estudi mitjançant FZV, respecte la biodegradació en el camp, així com també per a identificar fonts de contaminació d'origen industrial o de productes formats, entre d'altres aportacions. A més a més, el nou mètode proposat per a degradar el CF basat en la seva hidròlisi alcalina mitjançant l'ús de residus de construcció reciclats ha demostrat ser eficient en la degradació d'aquest contaminant, així com també, mitjançant l'ús de isòtops de carboni, ha demostrat funcionar en experiments pilot monitorejats a escala de camp.
Download or read book DNAPL Site Evaluation written by James W. Mercer and published by CRC-Press. This book was released on 1993-04-29 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNAPL Site Evaluation covers long-term contamination of ground water by DNAPL (dense non-aqueous phase liquids) chemicals. The book develops a framework for planning and implementing DNAPL site characterization activities. It provides detailed methods to identify, characterize, and monitor sites and analyzes their utility, limitations, risks, availability, and cost. Methods to interpret contaminant fate and transport are identified, and new site characterization methods are assessed. DNAPL Site Evaluation will maximize the cost-effectiveness of site investigation/remediation by providing the best information available to describe and evaluate methods to be used for determining the presence, fate, and transport of subsurface DNAPL contamination. The book will be a useful reference for groundwater professionals and environmental regulatory personnel.
Download or read book Chemical Biomarkers in Aquatic Ecosystems written by Thomas S. Bianchi and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a unique and thorough look at the application of chemical biomarkers to aquatic ecosystems. Defining a chemical biomarker as a compound that can be linked to particular sources of organic matter identified in the sediment record, the book indicates that the application of these biomarkers for an understanding of aquatic ecosystems consists of a biogeochemical approach that has been quite successful but underused. This book offers a wide-ranging guide to the broad diversity of these chemical biomarkers, is the first to be structured around the compounds themselves, and examines them in a connected and comprehensive way. This timely book is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students seeking training in this area; researchers in biochemistry, organic geochemistry, and biogeochemistry; researchers working on aspects of organic cycling in aquatic ecosystems; and paleoceanographers, petroleum geologists, and ecologists. Provides a guide to the broad diversity of chemical biomarkers in aquatic environments The first textbook to be structured around the compounds themselves Describes the structure, biochemical synthesis, analysis, and reactivity of each class of biomarkers Offers a selection of relevant applications to aquatic systems, including lakes, rivers, estuaries, oceans, and paleoenvironments Demonstrates the utility of using organic molecules as tracers of processes occurring in aquatic ecosystems, both modern and ancient
Download or read book Characterization Modeling Monitoring and Remediation of Fractured Rock written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractured rock is the host or foundation for innumerable engineered structures related to energy, water, waste, and transportation. Characterizing, modeling, and monitoring fractured rock sites is critical to the functioning of those infrastructure, as well as to optimizing resource recovery and contaminant management. Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock examines the state of practice and state of art in the characterization of fractured rock and the chemical and biological processes related to subsurface contaminant fate and transport. This report examines new developments, knowledge, and approaches to engineering at fractured rock sites since the publication of the 1996 National Research Council report Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Fluid Flow. Fundamental understanding of the physical nature of fractured rock has changed little since 1996, but many new characterization tools have been developed, and there is now greater appreciation for the importance of chemical and biological processes that can occur in the fractured rock environment. The findings of Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock can be applied to all types of engineered infrastructure, but especially to engineered repositories for buried or stored waste and to fractured rock sites that have been contaminated as a result of past disposal or other practices. The recommendations of this report are intended to help the practitioner, researcher, and decision maker take a more interdisciplinary approach to engineering in the fractured rock environment. This report describes how existing tools-some only recently developed-can be used to increase the accuracy and reliability of engineering design and management given the interacting forces of nature. With an interdisciplinary approach, it is possible to conceptualize and model the fractured rock environment with acceptable levels of uncertainty and reliability, and to design systems that maximize remediation and long-term performance. Better scientific understanding could inform regulations, policies, and implementation guidelines related to infrastructure development and operations. The recommendations for research and applications to enhance practice of this book make it a valuable resource for students and practitioners in this field.
Download or read book Perchlorate written by Baohua Gu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-02 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed description of perchlorate chemistry and recent advances in innovative remediation technologies for perchlorate contamination and their pros and cons Additionally, the first book to describe the natural occurrence of perchlorate and its unique isotopic signatures for environmental forensics and its detection in the environment, particularly the real-time analysis using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Simon Parsons and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.
